Sexually transmitted diseases are sexually transmitted diseases.
Some of them have been known to mankind for hundreds of years, others appeared relatively recently. In addition to “age,” they also differ in their danger and prevalence.
The following is a list of the 10 most common sexually transmitted diseases, which will begin with the most common and end with the most common ones. rare diseases, but no less dangerous for that.
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About 70% of sexually active men and women are asymptomatic carriers of this sexually transmitted disease. Infection mainly occurs through sexual contact, but it is also possible in domestic conditions.
Asymptomatic carriage turns into disease when the maximum safe content of the pathogen in the human body is exceeded. Symptoms in men are clear discharge, a slight burning sensation when urinating, and symptoms of prostatitis.
In women, ureaplasmosis causes pain in the lower abdomen (due to inflammation of the internal genital organs), vaginal discharge and burning during urination. In men, prostatitis can be a complication of ureaplasmosis, in women – infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
According to some reports, about 40% of women suffer from this sexually transmitted disease. Externally it manifests itself in education genital warts, which were first described in Ancient Greece. Not long ago it became known that Papillomavirus infection is viral disease, which may be a precursor to cervical cancer.
This sexually transmitted disease occurs with a frequency of 7 to 30%. Manifests itself in the formation of blisters on the skin and mucous membrane. At the moment there is no cure for herpes, there are only drugs that can suppress its reproduction. In some cases, herpes can affect the nervous system.
The incidence of gonorrhea among women under 30 years of age is about 15%. The pathogenic effect of gonococci (the causative agents of this disease) is exerted mainly on the mucous membrane of the genital organs. The disease can occur in both acute and chronic forms. In men acute form There may be discharge of pus, mucus, a “tickling” or “broken glass” sensation when urinating. Possible inflammation of the urethra and epididymis, damage bladder and kidneys. The external genitalia become swollen and inflamed. In women, all the symptoms are similar.
According to various sources, chlamydia affects from 5 to 15% of the sexually mature and sexually active population. Symptoms in women include burning and itching in the external genital area, discharge with an unpleasant odor and a yellowish tint. Maybe slight increase temperature. Women are more susceptible to this disease. Symptoms in men include pain in the lower back, scrotum, testicles and urethra. Itching and cloudy urine may occur.
IN total number Sexually transmitted infections account for about 10%. This disease is dangerous because the affected area is not only genitourinary system, but also the tonsils, conjunctiva of the eyes and even the lungs. Women with this disease experience pain during sexual intercourse, vaginal discharge and itching. In men, symptoms of prostatitis and discharge from the urethra.
Frequency of occurrence 0.2 – 2.5%. Complete recovery from this infection does not occur; the virus can only go into latent form and wait for a decrease in immunity, during which it will manifest itself again. Contained in all biological fluids of the body. May cause retinitis, leading to blindness. Particularly dangerous for children. Main carriers of this disease are homosexuals and prostitutes.
This disease affects less than 1% of the world's population. It is associated with lesions of the skin, mucous membranes, nervous system and bones. This disease is caused by Treponema pallidum. Syphilis has several stages. At the site where the infection enters the body, a so-called chancre is formed. If left untreated, this disease leads to significant changes in a person's appearance and ultimately death. ...
According to official data, it affected 0.2% of the world's population. HIV infection affects the body's immune system and does not allow it to effectively resist infections. HIV infected person may not know about his disease for several years, since at the beginning it is asymptomatic, but can already infect healthy people with it. On late stages many are added to HIV concomitant diseases, such as Kaposi's sarcoma. A cure and prevention for HIV have not yet been developed, but research is being actively conducted in this direction.
In most cases, the symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases manifest themselves with typical signs. A person infected with a sexually transmitted disease often experiences painful sensations when urinating , A urge to urinate become more frequent . Signs of sexually transmitted diseases also include: genital discharge and them redness . Depending on the disease, the discharge may be mucous and foamy, white or greenish. The discharge can sometimes be bad smell. Often due to irritation occurs itching in the groin area . The patient sometimes body temperature rises . Venereal diseases in men cause pain in the scrotum , later spreading to the lower back and sacrum.
Other symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases appear depending on the type of illness.
However, quite often sexually transmitted diseases in men and women occur without any symptoms at all. It is during the latent course of this type of disease that experts consider them the most dangerous, because due to the absence adequate therapy hidden infections can develop into chronic form.
At x chronic venereal diseases Local complications may also occur (, inflammation of the uterus and appendages in women, in men), and provide negative influence on the state of the body as a whole. Tightened, chronic diseases may provoke the occurrence diseases cardiovascular system , adrenal dysfunction , and a number of others serious illnesses. When a sexually transmitted disease develops in the body, the immune system is noticeably overstrained. After weakening the immune system, everything internal organs begin to work less harmoniously, and accordingly, the body can no longer effectively fight the negative effects of a number of factors. Therefore, ordinary hypothermia, attack viruses And bacteria .
First of all, for a high-quality diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases, you should immediately contact specialists at the first suspicion of signs of sexually transmitted diseases. As a rule, the symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases are similar, but they are caused by different pathogens. Accordingly, such ailments appear a certain time after the infection occurs. Diagnosis of such diseases is complex process, so even an experienced specialist must approach the diagnosis very thoughtfully. IN mandatory Laboratory tests are carried out, with the help of which it is possible to identify the causative agent of the infection and prescribe the most effective treatment.
Several types of tests for sexually transmitted diseases are carried out in laboratory conditions. Using microscopic analysis of a smear from the vagina, urethra, cervical canal determine the presence in the patient's body trichomonas And gonococci . Also, in some cases, such analyzes determine ureaplasma And chlamydia . This analysis is carried out very quickly, but its information content is relatively low.
If the situation is controversial, then the patient is prescribed a blood test for sexually transmitted diseases. This analysis allows you to monitor the development of pathology.
With the help of tests for sexually transmitted diseases - cultures - the pathogen is determined with high accuracy. Sowing also makes it possible to determine how susceptible the pathogen is to . Exactly bacteriological culture is the most informative of all analyses.
When performing any of the described tests on a patient who is in acute stage diseases, the causative agent is determined quite simply. But if a person does not have signs of sexually transmitted diseases, there is not a sufficient number of pathogens in the body. Therefore, the patient must prepare for the tests in advance by fulfilling several conditions: abstain from sexual intercourse for three days, do not urinate for several hours before taking a smear.
Venereal diseases in women and men should be treated only under the supervision of a medical specialist. It is important to realize that the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in the acute stage is much simpler and more effective than the treatment of diseases that have become chronic. For the fastest and effective treatment It is necessary to make a timely diagnosis.
Today, treatment of sexually transmitted diseases is carried out using both medicinal , so physiotherapeutic methods. Before prescribing a treatment regimen, a specialist must conduct a thorough diagnosis and be sure to use an exclusively individual approach to the choice of therapy. Indeed, in some cases, treatment of sexually transmitted diseases may not have the desired effect due to the fact that a certain drug, entering the blood, and later into the tissues, does not properly affect the causative agent of the disease, which is located inside the cell. After the prescribed medication ends, the pathogen leaves the cells and begins to multiply again and provoke a relapse of the disease.
Therefore, the doctor must select the treatment regimen exclusively on an individual basis and only after a thorough diagnosis. When choosing a treatment method, you should take into account the effectiveness of a particular drug, the ease of use for a person, how well he tolerates the drug, and whether symptoms occur during treatment. adverse reactions. The specialist also takes into account whether there is a possibility of a patient having a combination of different infections, and the resistance of the causative agent of a sexually transmitted disease to the drug that was chosen for treatment.
Another important point that is necessary for effective treatment of the disease is to draw the patient’s attention to the fact that his sexual partner also needs immediate examination and treatment, regardless of whether he exhibits symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases. Otherwise, the treatment will not have the desired effect.
If the disease does not respond to timely treatment, then a number of different complications may occur. Thus, sexually transmitted diseases in women can cause subsequent development adnexitis , salpingitis . In men, the consequence of such ailments is often prostatitis , vesiculitis . One more serious complication this type of disease sometimes becomes infertility , manifested in representatives of both sexes. Some sexually transmitted diseases can be transmitted from mother to newborn baby. If a woman is sick genital chlamydia , then her newborn child is often diagnosed , conjunctivitis . The baby may also experience a variety of brain pathologies, and in some cases may die. In view of this, relatively recently , And chlamydia were recognized as a threat to normal pregnancy .
In men, diseases based on chlamydia and ureaplasmosis provoke a noticeable decrease in , pathological changes in sperm and ultimately cause male infertility.
Methods for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases are aimed at preventing the occurrence of the disease. To date, the most effective means, which is used to prevent infection with sexually transmitted diseases, is. This tool should be used for all types of sex, while wearing a condom correctly.
Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases also involves being selective in your choice of sexual partners. Sexual relationships with a single, trusted partner are optimal.
If sexual contact occurs with a sexual partner who may be suspected of having a sexually transmitted infection, you should rinse the genital tract with an antiseptic solution as quickly as possible (preferably in the first two hours).
It is important to remember that many infections that are transmitted through sexual contact can provoke the onset of the disease without manifestation. severe symptoms. If you have had sexual intercourse without a condom, you should be examined to rule out infection. Self-medication in case of manifestation of any symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases or if the presence of such a disease is suspected is strictly contraindicated. Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases must be constant and very carefully observed.
Gardnerellosis – an infectious disease that leads to disruption of the normal microbiological composition in the vagina. In women it manifests itself as bacterial vaginosis, in men it is asymptomatic. The manifestation of the disease contributes to long-term treatment antibiotics, douching, pregnancy, permanent shift sexual partners, etc. With this disease, women experience symptoms of itching and noticeable discomfort in the vagina and external genitalia. Observed with a pungent odor. To diagnose the disease, a smear test is performed. Antibacterial and antiprotozoal agents are used for treatment. Sexual contact is prohibited until the end of therapy.
Gonorrhea - is specific infectious disease. It is almost always transmitted during sexual contact. It primarily affects tissues that are covered with glandular cylindrical tissue. Gonorrhea affects a number of systems and organs. Today, low-symptomatic gonorrhea and severe forms of the disease are often observed. A complication of the disease is often infertility in both sexes. Symptoms of gonorrhea in men appear on the second to sixth days after infection. First appear when urinating painful sensations, urination becomes more frequent, and the urine becomes cloudy. Erections also become painful. If a visit to a doctor is not timely, then men may develop complications in the form of lesions of the seminal glands and vesicles, seminal tubercle, inflammation of the epididymis, and prostatitis.
In women, the disease often develops without symptoms. Often the manifestation of some symptoms (pulling, vaginal discharge yellowish color) are confused with other diseases. However, later women begin to experience difficulties with urination - frequent urges, pain. The temperature may rise, purulent discharge may appear, and the monthly cycle may be disrupted.
Gonorrhea is diagnosed by smear analysis, bacteriological and immunofluorescence tests. Treatment is prescribed depending on the stage of development of the disease. This could be taking antibiotics, cephaloprorins, or physiotherapy.
Chlamydia cause chlamydia. You can become infected with chlamydia through sexual contact, but there are also cases of infection in the home. The incubation period lasts from 5 to 30 days. In the acute form of chlamydia, changes in the mucous membranes of the genital organs, discharge from the vagina, urethra, itching, and problems with urination may be observed. Chlamydia can be detected in the body only during laboratory testing. The main means of treating the disease are antibiotics.
() occurs due to exposure to yeast-like fungi Candida. Symptoms of this disease often include itching and inflammation. In men, itching and burning appear on the head of the penis, followed by pain, swelling, and plaque. Treatment is carried out using special external agents - creams, gels, ointments. Sometimes therapy includes taking antifungal drugs.
Syphilis – a disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs, nervous and osteoarticular systems. You can become infected with the disease through sexual contact, but there are also cases of infection with syphilis in everyday life, through common things. Syphilis can be transmitted to the fetus from the mother. In the primary period of syphilis, the patient develops a hard chancre; as a rule, it occurs on the genitals. Syphilis is diagnosed by laboratory analysis blood. It is important to consult a doctor in time, because syphilis is one of the most serious sexually transmitted diseases. Treatment is carried out using antibiotics, and it is very important to cure the disease completely.
Sexually transmitted diseases do not manifest themselves immediately after infection.
Let's talk about when the first symptoms appear and what they can be.
The incubation period for sexually transmitted diseases in men and women can have different durations. In women, it lasts longer on average. Moreover, sometimes several times. This difference is most noticeable with gonococcal infection.
In men, symptoms may appear within 1-2 days. At the same time, in women, discharge and other clinical signs usually make themselves felt no earlier than after 5 days, and sometimes more than a week passes.
In female patients, symptoms often do not appear at all. Sub clinical course infections are typical for chlamydia and gonorrhea. 50% of women with these venereal diseases have no clinical signs, and the pathology is detected by chance during a routine examination.
There are such cases among men as well. For example, with trichomoniasis, a rapid clinical course is most characteristic of females. While the male population suffers from symptoms only in 50% of cases.
The incubation period of various STIs, depending on the pathogen:
The values given are indicative values only. The variability of these indicators is quite high. Because the time it takes for symptoms to appear depends on many factors. This is not only the type of pathogen and the gender of the patient, but also:
That's why incubation period may change. Sometimes – quite significantly, several times.
So, we talked about how quickly sexually transmitted diseases manifest themselves.
Now let's discuss exactly what signs to expect. Clinical manifestations depend primarily on:
Gender largely determines the location of inflammation. For example, in men the prostate often becomes inflamed, which for obvious reasons cannot happen to women.
Female patients may develop infectious vaginitis or salpingitis, but these diseases are not possible for men. But there are a number common features. They are observed in various infections in representatives of both sexes.
Most pathogens initially infect urethra. After all, it is available in both men and women. The symptoms of its inflammation are as follows:
The structure of the urethra differs in representatives of different sexes.
In males it is longer - reaching 20 or more centimeters. But at the same time it is narrow.
In women, on the contrary, it is short, but the gap is much wider. Therefore, males are more likely to have problems with urination. It can be difficult, which is associated with spasm of smooth muscle structures, swelling and infiltration of the urethra, and the appearance of rashes inside. Women usually do not have such symptoms. But in them, due to the short length of the urethra, the infection more often spreads to the bladder and its neck. It is noted:
Signs of pathology in women, depending on which organ is inflamed:
Symptoms in men:
Clinical manifestations depend on the pathogen. For example, with gonorrhea there is often large number pus that comes out of the urethra. With herpes, rashes form. They look like bubbles.
With trichomoniasis, a large amount of foamy fluid with an unpleasant odor is released from the vagina. It may be yellow or green.
With gardnerellosis, abundant gray discharge appears with the smell of spoiled fish. In men, gray plaques form on the head of the penis.
With syphilis, a painless ulcer forms in the area entrance gate infections. Then it disappears, and after a while rashes appear on the body.
With human papillomavirus infection, benign formations. These are warts or condylomas. They can form on both external and internal reproductive organs.
But in any case, no matter what the symptoms are, an accurate diagnosis can only be established after testing.
Any infections are easiest to treat on the most early stages. In these cases the following are used:
Therefore, preventive treatment is widely used in venereology. It is prescribed immediately after sexual intercourse. In this case, the doctor does not wait for the incubation period to pass and symptoms to appear. He doesn't even wait for test results.
But preventive treatment is only possible if the patient has reason to suspect that certain sexual contact could lead to the transmission of infection. There are two options for informing the patient:
It is easiest to carry out preventive treatment if the causative agent is known. For example, if a partner was examined and a certain disease was detected. Then the second partner is treated according to epidemiological indications. Or the partner suffers from a chronic infection. Moreover, he knows which one it is.
If the doctor knows what exactly needs to be treated, he prescribes the most effective drugs, affecting specific pathogens. For example, if there is a suspicion of possible gonorrhea, the doctor prescribes an injection of ceftriaxone.
If there is a possibility of infection with chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, azithromycin is used.
For potential infection with trichomoniasis, ornidazole is used. If syphilis infection could occur, the person is given one dose of durant penicillin. Less commonly used is a course of therapy lasting 5-7 days with short-acting penicillins. But this scheme is less convenient for patients. Because penicillins are administered only parenterally. This means that if the patient does not have people at home who can give an injection, he will have to visit medical institution every day.
The most preferred method of preventive treatment of syphilis remains a single injection of benzathine benzylpenicillin.
In case of concomitant STIs, ceftriaxone is used for preventive treatment of syphilis. It is administered at a dose of 500 mg, 1 time per day, for a course of 2 days.
An alternative drug may be doxycycline. For the preventive treatment of syphilis with concomitant STIs, it is prescribed 100 mg, 1 time per day, orally. The course of treatment lasts 1-2 days.
Preventive treatment of the disease is indicated for all patients who have had sexual or intimate everyday contact with a patient with syphilis during the last 2 months. It can also be performed on a recipient who has received a blood transfusion from someone with syphilis. In this case, therapy is carried out if less than 3 months have passed since the transfusion.
If more time has passed, treatment is not prescribed. The patient is being examined. He gets tested. Only if the results are positive, treatment is prescribed. But it is no longer considered preventive, because it is carried out after the diagnosis has been established. The recipient undergoes tests 2 times with an interval of 2 months. But if the blood transfusion took place more than six months ago, then a one-time study is enough.
It is more difficult to carry out therapy if it is not known what the patient might have become infected with. In this case, 2 or 3 antibiotics can be used at once. They are prescribed on the same day or at short time intervals. Commonly used:
A fluconazole tablet can also be used at the same time. It helps prevent candidiasis. This fungal infection can also be transmitted sexually. In addition, it is often activated after antibiotics are prescribed.
The main feature of preventive treatment is that it is prescribed when the diagnosis is unconfirmed. But after therapy, screening for infections is mandatory.
A person comes to the clinic after 2 weeks and gives smears or blood. If the result is negative, he may be free - the infection has bypassed the person or preventive treatment has helped. If the result is positive, a full course of antibiotic therapy is required. It is carried out purposefully, based on the identified infectious agent.
The first is that symptoms have time to appear. The doctor looks at them and better understands what kind of infection to look for. Accordingly, the doctor has an idea of what specific tests need to be taken.
The second is that after the incubation period the pathogen begins to be released into external environment. Therefore it is easier to detect. In the presence of discharge, even with the help of microscopic examination, some causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases can be identified. In addition, the isolation of bacteria even in minimal quantities allows them to be detected using PCR and ELISA.
The third reason is that after the pathogen enters the body, antibodies begin to form. These are squirrels immune system which are needed to fight infection.
Determination of antibodies is used for diagnostic purposes.
During the incubation period, there are often no antibodies in the blood yet, so serological diagnostics may be ineffective. But after a few weeks they appear. But often tests have to be taken during the incubation period. They can be positive.
These are the most sensitive tests. This is primarily PCR, as well as bacteriological research.
For many infections, the incubation period can last several weeks and sometimes months. But PCR becomes positive within 2 weeks after infection.
Antibodies can be detected in the blood 2-3 weeks after transmission of the infection. Moreover, pathogens are detected, regardless of whether sexually transmitted diseases manifest themselves with any symptoms.
As mentioned above, some diseases have a very long incubation period. They can be detected using laboratory diagnostics even before symptoms appear.
Moreover, symptoms may not appear at all for months or years. But this does not mean that treatment is not necessary. After all, an exacerbation of the pathology can occur at any moment.
Long-term, albeit asymptomatic, infection leads to complications, including infertility. Infections are especially dangerous for pregnant women. Because in the first trimester, under the influence of the hormone progesterone, immunity decreases. As a result, the infection may worsen, threatening the viability of the fetus.
Infections during the incubation period are treated according to the same regimens as after the onset of symptoms. It is often possible to get by with one tablet or one injection of the drug. Especially if the infection occurred recently. And if there is an incubation period, then most likely it is so. The following medications are prescribed:
Treatment may take longer if the infection begins to spread to the internal genital organs. Or if it primarily affects extragenital structures, for example, the conjunctiva.
Contagiousness degree sexually transmitted infections depends on many factors. One of them is the concentration of the pathogen in the structures of the urogenital tract. The more bacterial cells or viral particles released into the external environment, the higher the risk that the partner will be infected.
During the incubation period, the release of the pathogen is minimal. Nevertheless, it is there. Therefore, infection is possible. However, it is less likely.
Subject to availability heavy discharge from the urethra, with some infections the probability of infection can approach 100% with one sexual act.
If there are no symptoms yet, the risk of infection may be only 10-20%. But this does not exclude the possibility of transmission of infection.
If you suspect a sexually transmitted disease, please contact our clinic. Don't wait until the incubation period ends. If 1-2 days have passed, come for preventive treatment. And 2 weeks after unprotected sexual intercourse, diagnostics can be carried out, even if the incubation period is still ongoing and symptoms have not appeared.
If you suspect sexually transmitted diseases, contact the author of this article, a venereologist in Moscow with many years of experience.
Venereal diseases are a group of diseases that are transmitted primarily through sexual contact. In medicine they are abbreviated as STDs. These infections can affect the entire human body, leading to dangerous consequences, therefore, to their identification and further treatment It’s worth taking it as seriously as possible.
Sexually transmitted diseases in men and women are very common in the world. Some of them have been known since ancient times, while some ailments have emerged relatively recently.
A characteristic feature is that such diseases are difficult to recognize, because they often occur in a latent form, without provoking any symptoms in the patient.
Moreover, you should be aware that the incubation period for such diseases can last for months. The disease will not manifest itself, so the person himself will not even realize that he is sick. He will continue to infect new partners.
According to research, it has been found that various STDs are diagnosed every year in 500 million people in the world, which indicates the very wide prevalence of this problem. This is largely due to neglect of safe sex and a lack of understanding of the true scale of the risk of infection.
Venereal diseases are transmitted in the following ways:
People who frequently change sexual partners are at increased risk for these diseases.
As noted above, the incubation period of sexually transmitted diseases is the time between infection and the appearance of the first signs of the disease. It is characteristic that for each such disease this period different.
Genital herpes can occur hidden from two days to three weeks. After this, the person experiences the first signs of the disease.
Gonorrhea usually appears five days after infection, but in some cases the first signs appear only after two weeks.
The incubation period of HIV infection lasts up to six months.
Syphilis may be asymptomatic for a month.
Trichomoniasis appears only 1-3 weeks after infection. As for chlamydia, a couple of weeks pass from the moment of infection to the appearance of the first signs.
Treatment of these diseases depends on the specific causative agent of the infection. To eliminate the disease, a person may be prescribed various medications in the form of antibiotics, creams, ointments, etc.
Due to the widespread problem of STDs in our country, it is recommended that every person undergo a preventive test for sexually transmitted infections twice a year. This will help to identify the latent form of the disease in time and quickly begin the necessary treatment.
Moreover, a screening test for STDs will help protect a sexual partner from infection, because when a person knows about his disease, he is obliged to report it.
HIV infection is considered one of the most dangerous. It provokes a decrease in a person’s immunity, due to which he cannot resist various diseases.
The disease is accompanied by a sharp increase in temperature, chills, nausea and muscle pain. There may also be enlarged lymph nodes, rashes and fungi.
Developing chlamydia is accompanied by painful urination and copious mucous discharge from the urethra. During sexual intercourse, the patient may feel pain.
Chlamydia is very often transmitted to a sexual partner, so testing for STDs should be done every six months.
Trichomoniasis occurs rather secretively in men. The disease can only cause slight highlight mucus from the penis, and also cause frequent urges to the toilet.
Due to the fact that such symptoms quickly pass, the disease often becomes a carrier form and the person infects their sexual partners.
Gonorrhea has characteristic features in the form severe pain in the abdomen, itching in the genitals, swelling of the testicles and pain when urinating.
During sex, a person may experience pain. Foamy discharge from the penis also often appears.
Syphilis in the first stages proceeds unnoticed. As the disease progresses, it causes the appearance of ulcers on the genitals.
Ureaplasmosis provokes the appearance clear discharge from the urethra. IN further illness leads to inflammation and infertility in humans.
Due to the vagueness of the symptoms, such a disease can only be detected by taking a smear.
STD pathologies can only be diagnosed by donating blood, as well as taking a smear from the urethra.
If you have HPV, PCR diagnostics will help identify it.
A urologist and an infectious disease specialist are involved in identifying such diseases in men. If necessary, the patient can also contact a therapist.
Conduct self-treatment Doctors do not recommend venereal diseases, especially if the patient does not know the specific causative agent of the disease. It is safest to carry out comprehensive traditional therapy using prescribed medications.
It is important to know that treatment for STDs must be carried out in both sexual partners at once, otherwise general therapy will be ineffective. Such treatment should be approached especially carefully when planning a child.
In the event that the patient does not receive normal treatment, all body systems can be affected. This threatens the development of infertility, damage to the prostate, bladder, and kidneys.
If the infection is mild, treatment at home is possible, but the person must follow all the doctor’s recommendations.
Most STIs do not have a rash. But in some pathologies it appears.
Such diseases include:
When a secondary bacterial infection occurs, they can be filled with pus. At hemorrhagic form herpes, blisters with blood are observed.
This is a small gray or yellow painless ulcer with smooth edges. Sometimes there are several chancres. In the secondary stage, a pinpoint or spotty rash appears throughout the body.
With most sexually transmitted infections, body temperature does not increase.
Systemic manifestations are more characteristic of viral infections:
For syphilis slight increase body temperature can be observed at the end of the first seronegative period (one month after infection).
And also at the stage of bacteremia (when rashes appear). In addition, gonorrhea is characterized by fever if it is complicated by abscesses or generalization of the infection occurs.
The inguinal lymph nodes can become enlarged with many infections. However, first of all, if this happens, you should think about herpes or syphilis. Moreover, with syphilis, enlarged lymph nodes are often the first clinical symptom. Lymphadenopathy develops even earlier than chancroid.
The lymph nodes are characterized by the absence of an increase in temperature (“cold” lymphadenopathy). Other infections lead to increased lymph nodes less often. Among bacterial STIs, the emergence of this clinical sign can cause chlamydia or gonorrhea. Viruses include HIV and cytomegalovirus.
Some pathogens of sexually transmitted infections can be transmitted through oral sex. After this, pharyngitis or tonsillitis occurs with mild clinical symptoms. A person may not feel anything at all or may mistake the symptoms for a mild cold.
Main symptoms:
Most STI pathogens cannot colonize the pharynx or oral cavity. Therefore, spontaneous recovery occurs within a few days. The exception is syphilis.
The primary focus () in the mouth usually ends in bacteremia (pathogen entry into the blood). After a few weeks, the ulcer disappears, after which the second stage of syphilis begins.
Proctitis - that's what it's called inflammatory process in the rectum. It can be caused by pathogens of sexually transmitted infections. They are transmitted through anal sexual intercourse. Symptoms of proctitis due to STIs are, for obvious reasons, more typical for women.
The main ones:
Most often, proctitis is caused by chlamydia or gonococci.
Pronounced symptoms are observed only with gonorrhea, while chlamydial proctitis is often asymptomatic or with minimal clinical manifestations.
Symptoms go away fairly quickly when treated for STIs.
Especially if it's bacterial infections. Clinical manifestations may decrease the very next day after starting antibiotic therapy. However, the timing of the complete disappearance of symptoms depends on what specific infection you have. After all, different pathogens behave differently in the body. If symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases appear, contact our clinic. A highly qualified venereologist will help you recover and avoid complications.
If symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases appear, contact competent venereologists.
