Absorbents in case of poisoning are necessary to remove toxins from the body, cleanse the stomach and intestines, and prevent accumulation harmful substances. Despite this beneficial influence, medications should be used with caution, choosing the optimal remedy in each case.
This group includes chemical compounds that, like a sponge, absorb toxic components. Next, the sorbents bind toxins and come out with them, restoring the person’s normal state.
Remove with sorbent clinical picture at the following types poisoning:
Sorption agents relieve withdrawal symptoms, eliminate attacks of nausea and vomiting, and remove waste products of bacteria and rotaviruses. But they are not omnipotent - they do not affect toxins that have managed to penetrate the bloodstream.
Drugs are differentiated according to the method of influence:
The last group differs in its mechanism of action.
In addition, medications are divided into categories depending on the component:
Cellulose is also used as an enterosorbent.
Drugs that can absorb and adsorb are classified as one type, since the principle of influence is the same.
When poisoned, particles of this dosage form absorb harmful substances and do not allow release. Cleaning occurs naturally.
Absorbents cope with the following compounds:
Powders are considered the most effective for cleaning, as they have a larger collecting area.
Convenient to use at home.
They have a porous structure and, upon contact with biological fluid, disintegrate into particles, which increases absorption qualities. The only negative is that you need to swallow a significant amount of the product, which is difficult if you vomit.
The most common is Activated carbon, which is often used for adsorption during intoxication of adults and children. It is easy to calculate the dose of the drug - it is usually recommended to take 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight.
This type is effective, but inferior to powder absorbents.
This form was developed recently, but has already gained popularity. A typical representative is Enterosgel. Positive qualities include ease of use if a child is poisoned:
Among absorbents, gel is the least effective, so it is suitable for children, but is not recommended for adults.
There are also folk recipes. Food ingredients also have qualities that help improve the condition of poisoning.
Natural ingredients used to cleanse the body:
The products, in addition to their cleansing effect, saturate the body with microelements and vitamins, which is necessary for rapid recovery.
Before using natural absorbents, you should make sure that they will not worsen the condition.
The most popular drugs are:
Almost any representative of this group of medications disrupts the intestinal microflora, so it must be taken with pro- and prebiotics, and supplemented with fermented milk products after therapy.
Absorbents are indicated for children in case of poisoning, allergic reaction, pathologies gastrointestinal tract. List of the most common drugs:
Therapy should not last longer than a week. In case of acute poisoning, it is used to provide first aid. Further dosage, as well as frequency of administration, is determined by the doctor.
Often negative manifestations to any substance or product due to hypersensitivity. Patients experience nausea and vomiting, which can be controlled with medication.
Should be used in the absence of contraindications complex therapy allergic reaction.
When using sorbents for poisoning, do not forget that they are medicines, which means they have contraindications and undesirable effects.
Overdose, use of expired drugs, and improper use can lead to negative consequences:
In case of poisoning, a person uses any absorbent present in the home medicine cabinet. But in the future, it is advisable to consult a doctor and perform therapy with products with minimal side effects that are suitable for removing toxins.
An adult encounters sorbents more than once, but various reasons. Some people are luckier and only remember about activated carbon the next morning after a fun feast; for others, sorbents are faithful friends who they usually have to turn to in case of allergies or illnesses. This category of medications appears to be harmless and is therefore often taken carelessly. And people rarely think about how, for example, White Coal differs from Smecta.
However, like any other medicine, sorbents should be taken carefully and only when indicated. Therefore, today we will look at the list of sorbent preparations, we will figure out what is the difference between them, when and for how long they can be taken, which ones are allowed and prohibited to be given to children and why.
Sorbents or enterosorbents are medical and non-medicinal preparations that act as a kind of absorber of toxic substances that enter the human body from the outside or are produced inside it.
They are available in several forms, made on the basis various substances, differ in the mechanism of action.
Thus, according to the form of release, it is convenient to divide sorbents into the following groups:
Depending on the substance from which sorbent drugs are made, they are classified as follows:
The question often arises: what is the correct name for the drugs being described - adsorbents or absorbents? The answer is simple: both ways, it all depends on the mechanism of their influence:
There is also a third group, called chemical absorbers. These drugs enter into a chemical reaction with the absorbed substance.
The task of sorbents is to attract as many toxins as possible, retain them and remove them from the body without causing harm to it. How large a number of toxic compounds a sorbent can bind depends on its sorption capacity. But, in addition to the fact that the drug should remove as many poisons as possible, it is important that its effect is not narrowly targeted, but extends to a wide range of substances. And the last criterion put forward for the quality of the sorbent is its safety for the body. The drug should be non-toxic and cause as little damage to the intestinal mucosa as possible.
Considering the above, the best drugs enterosorbents are different in each situation. Someday, cheap activated carbon will be enough; in other cases, complex sorbents with the addition of prebiotics will be indispensable.
The indication for the use of enterosorbents is considered to be intoxication of the body due to the excessive presence of harmful substances in it.
Such states with varying degrees intensity can be caused by many substances, as well as pathological processes occurring directly in the body itself.
There are drugs for blood purification. The procedure for purifying blood from toxic compounds occurs by filtering it through a sorbent and is called hemosorption.
This is precisely the case when people most often encounter problems with the use of enterosorbents. In everyday life, poisoning usually occurs from low-quality food or alcohol. In such a situation, by and large, it does not matter which drug will be used. Take any that is at hand, and don’t worry if you have one Sorbex tablet left and a bag of Atoxil, you can safely alternate. It is advisable to provoke an act of defecation before two hours after administration, so that the taken drug does not begin to return the collected toxins back into the intestinal lumen.
In case of poisoning with drugs, chemicals or medications, you can use Polyphepan, Enterosgel and the usual activated carbon, but it is better to call an ambulance and not self-medicate.
The need to take sorbents in this case depends on what concept is included in the phrase “intestinal cleansing”. If this is just following today’s fashion for removing some toxins, then read the instructions for any sorbent. None of them include the item “removal of toxins” in the indications, and this despite the fact that manufacturers are interested in having as many indications for taking the drug as possible.
It is important to understand that most sorbents do not act selectively and attract everything they can, including vitamins, useful microelements. Therefore, using these drugs “just in case” is not the best idea. If you constantly feel unwell, nausea, or weakness, you should not attribute this condition to something amorphous, called slagging. Visit a doctor and find out the true cause of your illness.
Yes, sorbents alleviate conditions with intestinal dysfunction, some liver and kidney diseases, help remove cholesterol and even show some effectiveness in the treatment of oncology, but such therapy must be agreed upon with a doctor.
Today, girls and women are extremely concerned about the harmony of their proportions. In pursuit of a chiseled figure, not everyone is able to run to the gym, which is why they have become extremely popular various techniques weight loss “in 10 days” and magic weight loss drugs. Enterosorbents have not escaped this fashion either. The idea of losing weight without fasting using such means is being promoted to the masses, but there is zero truth in it.
There are only two significant factors in losing weight: physical activity And balanced diet. Everything else is from the evil one. Unfortunately, sorbents do not eat fat cells, do not provoke diarrhea, do not speed up metabolism, and in general, do not affect a person’s weight in any way. In terms of weight loss, they can provide three services:
It is important to note that some sorbents attract bile acids, which prevents fats from being broken down. At first glance it seems in a great way lose weight, but the problem is that the body needs fats, and their complete absence will certainly affect the condition of hair, skin, bone and muscle tissue, vision, and general well-being.
Absorbing drugs are widely used to relieve acute allergic reactions and to prevent their relapses.
If allergens enter the body, sorbent therapy should begin as early as possible. It is preferable to take these drugs a couple of hours before meals and antihistamines. The course of therapy usually lasts a week, with the dose reduced by half in the last days.
As an allergy-preventive measure, sorbents are taken within a week every month after the last relapse. After three months, such preventive therapy can be carried out once a quarter.
The range of enterosorbents is very wide and each of the drugs described can be freely purchased at the pharmacy.
But it's important to remember that long-term use(more than two weeks) of such medications can lead to persistent constipation, nutritional and vitamin deficiencies.
It is important to carefully combine the use of sorbents with the use of other medications. To avoid a situation where the sorbent will attract molecules of another drug, preventing it from doing its job, you need to take a break of 1.5–2 hours between the use of any medications and enterosorbents.
Sorbents are not absorbed into the blood, and therefore do not in any way affect organs and systems other than the digestive system. Each drug has its own list of contraindications, but usually the only difference between them is age restrictions.
Almost all of the drugs described are approved for use by pregnant women and breastfeeding women. The exceptions are Enterosgel and White Coal; it is not recommended to take Polysorb during this period. You should be wary of today’s fashionable dietary supplements or, in other words, food additives. Control over their quality is several times lower than over the quality of medicines.
Most often, adults prefer to take sorbents in tablet form for poisoning. They do not need to be diluted in water and are convenient to carry with you.
Available in capsules, there are different types, depending on the components added to the capsule. Regular pure Sorbex is taken in a loose dosage, depending on the severity of the symptoms. For adults, the maximum allowed daily dose determined in 6 capsules three times a day. Among the side effects, the manufacturer noted nausea, vomiting, and constipation with long-term use.
Available in tablet form. Approved for use by adults and adolescents over 14 years of age. The safe daily dose is 4 tablets 4 times a day. The manufacturer does not report any side effects, but points out that the drug is not a drug.
It is produced in the form of a paste, packaged in tubes and jars. Adults are advised to take three tablespoons of paste. Constipation, nausea, and skin rashes may occur.
Available in the form of a light powder for preparing a solution. Packaged in bags or bottles. The daily norm for adult patients is 12 grams. On the first day of taking it, it is permissible to double it. The only side effects noted are constipation.
Available in powder form for preparing a suspension. Packaged in cans of 12, 25, 50 grams, as well as in bags of three grams. To prepare, dilute in half a glass of water, drink immediately an hour before meals or 1.5 hours after meals. The daily volume of 20 grams is divided into 3-4 doses. The drug has almost no side effects, sometimes causing increased constipation.
In the first years of life, children are not recommended to take sorbents produced in tablets and capsules. The following drugs remain in the mother’s arsenal:
Let us first consider the list of medications for children that are approved for use from birth.
Available in sachets containing 3 grams of powder for preparing a drinking solution. For diarrhea, children under one year old are given 2 packets per day for the first three days, then the daily dose is halved. Older children are shown the same regimen, but with an initial dose of 4 sachets. For other pathologies, children are given 1–3 sachets, as recommended by a doctor. Side effects include only constipation and extremely rare dermatological reactions.
Available in the form of an insoluble powder, which is diluted with water before administration. Children under one year old are given from half to a full teaspoon per day. From one to seven years daily norm increases to a dessert spoon. After taking it, you may experience constipation, a feeling of heaviness and pressure in the upper abdomen.
Available in bags with different dosages of powder (1–12 grams) and in jars from 12 to 50 grams. Take the product only (!) after diluting it with water. For children, the dose of the drug is calculated based on weight. A child weighing 10 kg is recommended to take a maximum daily dose of 2 grams. Then, for every 5 kg of weight, 1 gram is added. A measuring spoon is not included, because the instructions indicate that 1 gram of powder is placed in one full teaspoon. Side effects are rare (dyspeptic disorders and allergic responses).
Produced in tubes and jars containing sweet paste. Take the drug with water. Children from one year to five years old are recommended to take three teaspoons per day. Up to 14 years old - in the same scheme for a dessert spoon. In case of acute poisoning, the dose on the first day can be doubled. Adverse reactions include digestive disorders and dermatological reactions.
Despite the wide choice of sorbents, it is difficult to assess their effectiveness without appropriate knowledge. When choosing drugs to cleanse the body of toxic compounds, follow the rules:
As for taking sorbents to remove toxic substances from the body, in the absence of any significant symptoms intoxication, then such therapy should not last more than two to three days. Taking sorbents as the main treatment for diseases not diagnosed by a doctor is not justified and can be dangerous.
Undoubtedly, every first aid kit in the family should contain coal, but not black, but white.
If we compare it with the classic version of white coal, I will note that white coal is many times better in that it begins to work in the body many times faster and, unlike black coal, it does not deprive the body of everything useful, that is, it simply eliminates the bad accumulated.
Among the advantages of such a drug, it is also worth taking into account that given the composition of white coal, as well as black, its effectiveness is 10 times higher in comparison with black activated carbon. In addition, what I like about it is that it is better accepted by the digestive system and, in principle, by the whole body; it is not addictive.
In general, it is well absorbed, helps both with poisoning, and, in principle, is an excellent remedy for cleansing the intestines.
But that’s not all, since we can say that this drug has selective absorption, that is, it works very delicately and at the same time does not cause absolutely any harm to the body, which means it removes only harmful substances from the body, removes toxins, waste, heavy metals, it helps very well and quickly with colitis, when it is necessary to quickly remove all accumulated gases in the intestinal lumen, without having any effect on the beneficial elements.
It has proven useful more than once in the case of food poisoning, with it the process of cleansing and intoxication of the body occurs more delicately, since it skillfully copes with unfavorable symptoms, such as nausea, it is very helpful if intestinal motility is impaired, it works on such a principle that it does not burden, and recovery after taking white coal occurs many times faster.
It’s good that it has such a neutral composition, from side effect I didn’t notice anything, it’s well accepted, quickly eliminated, and doesn’t remain in the body.
As for the other option, in comparison with black charcoal tablets, this drug does not provoke constipation, but this has always happened with black charcoal tablets, and it is of little use, since it slowly begins to work, while the white sorbent in tablets already has an effect. treatment and even vice versa, activates intestinal motility.
From strengths I can also note that this type of sorbent does not have bad taste, it is not perceived at all, since it does not contain flavoring additives.
You can even successfully lose kilos on it, that is, in this case you just need to arrange fasting days on it, it turns out 2 times a week and in the end it takes 2 kilograms, although it’s a minuscule amount, but everything does not harm the body.
But that’s not all, because I noticed that this drug stimulates the functioning of the stomach, and this in turn is good because it helps the breakdown nutrients, the microflora is brought to a normal state, can be used to cleanse the intestines and thus then the condition of the skin improves, noticeable by the fact that black dots disappear and the skin acquires a pleasant and uniform healthy shade, an effective remedy for acne and acne, and for this it is enough to drink the course according to the instructions for a week and the result, as they say, is obvious.
And in terms of use, I like it for its simplicity, since we take everything by weight. For your 10 kg you need to take 1 tablet of coal, all this is washed down with a glass of water once during the day, it starts working after 30 minutes, it’s better to chew it first.
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In the course of his life, a person often faces the problem of intoxication (poisoning) of the body. For rapid removal of toxins, pathogenic microorganisms, allergens, radionuclides and other harmful substances modern medicine uses sorbents. In your home medicine cabinet you must have a universal sorbent preparation for emergency situations. For the right choice You need to carefully study the information about the principle of action, rules of use and types of medicines in this group.
The word sorbens (sorbent) translated from Latin means “absorbing”. This is the name given to substances in a solid or liquid state that are capable of selectively absorbing gases, vapors and individual components of solutions from the environment. They are used in national economy to maintain an environmentally friendly space on land and in water bodies (for example, after an emergency oil spill on the sea surface), purification of industrial gases, wastewater, various products technological processes.
Depending on the purpose, different types of sorbents are used, which differ in their operating principles:
IN medical practice sorbents are widely used - pharmacological preparations, the main purpose of which is to bind toxins, chemicals and toxic substances by adsorption in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This prevents intoxication of the body: harmful elements chemical and natural origin are not absorbed into the blood, but are bound and excreted through the excretory system. Absorbent drugs are used for specific medical indications and for preventive cleansing.
A progressive method in the fight against cancer is the use of an adsorbent polymer saturated with a cytostatic drug. The principle of its operation is that the sorbent slowly releases the chemotherapy drug into the tissue affected by the tumor. This therapy minimizes side effects and is used as a non-surgical treatment for cancer. This technique is currently practiced only in Russian scientific centers.
The concept of “enterosorbents” includes all sorbents for oral use containing an active component that bind toxins in organs by absorption, adsorption, ion exchange or in a complex manner digestive system. Some sorbents are used for external use in the form of powder and fabric structures. Absorbent preparations are characterized by the following properties:
Performing its main function - cleansing the body of toxic substances– each of the sorbent preparations has its own disadvantages. Among them:
Enterosorbents are used to treat patients in the form of single drugs and together with other medications. Their sorption effect helps relieve the patient from the following symptoms and diseases:
Sorbents are available in the form of powders, tablets, and gels. Any sorbent drug has its own dosage, which is described in the instructions for use. For example, activated carbon for intoxication of the body of an adult is taken at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of weight. The calculated dose is divided into 2-3 doses per day. General rule for all types of sorbents, it is necessary to take them an hour (two) before or after meals.
Enterosorbents are not recommended for use for more than 10–15 days in a row, because together with toxins they bind and remove a lot from the body. useful substances. At least 1.5 hours must pass between taking the sorbent drug and other medications so that the therapeutic effect is not disrupted. Before choosing a suitable sorbent for your first aid kit in case of emergency use, you should consult with your doctor.
The sorption properties of drugs depend on the type of raw materials from which they are made. The natural components used as the basis for the product are easily extracted from plant material and are inexpensive. Synthetic enterosorbents are more active and are more expensive than natural ones. There are complex preparations containing both types of raw materials. Depending on the substances used, these groups are distinguished medical supplies with sorption properties:
The active substance of mineral sorbent preparations is silicon dioxide or carbon. Silicon-based sorbents gently remove toxic substances from the body, do not interfere with the absorption of other gastrointestinal medications, and are an excellent alternative to activated carbon - a carbon sorbent. They are often prescribed to young children, pregnant and nursing mothers. The most effective among them are:
Polysorb. Acts by adsorption. Indicated for allergies, various types of poisoning, including toxic substances, capable of removing decay products in various types of hepatitis, chronic renal failure etc. Recommended for workers in hazardous industries and residents of environmentally polluted areas. The duration of taking Polysorb is from 3 to 30 days (with breaks), depending on the complexity of intoxication. The course is prescribed by the attending physician. In rare cases, a side effect such as constipation may occur.
Atoxyl is an enterosorbent that adsorbs exogenous and endogenous toxins. Prescribed for food poisoning, poisoning, hepatitis, allergies. The duration of therapy is from 3 to 15 days, depending on the complexity of the disease. A possible side effect is constipation.
Enterosgel. The detoxifying effect occurs through absorption. Capable of removing opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms from the body. Relieves toxicosis during pregnancy. Average rate– 7–14 days. The only side effect may be constipation. The drug is prescribed for:
Synthetic enterosorbents are based on synthesized chemical compounds. Most drugs in this group bind not only toxins, but also harmful bacteria in the intestines. To the most effective sorption synthetic products include:
Cholestyramine is an ion exchange resin. Capable of binding bile acids. Indicated for bile duct obstruction and metabolic disorders. Available in the form of tablets or suspension. The dosage and course are selected by the attending physician based on the patient’s age and the complexity of the disease. Possible side effects:
Almagel is an antacid - it is able to protect the gastric mucosa from the action of hydrochloric acid and bile. The active ingredient is aluminum hydroxide. In addition to adsorbing properties, it has enveloping and gastroprotective properties. Available in gel form. The dosage is calculated based on the patient's age. The average course of treatment is 14 days. Side effects: constipation, nausea, stomach pain. Indications for use:
Smecta is available in powder form. The portion must be dissolved in water before use. Used as effective antidiarrheal drug in the fight against bloating in infants. Indicated for heartburn, colitis of the gastrointestinal tract, ulcers, gastritis. The recommended course is 3–7 days. The only one adverse reaction the body may experience constipation when taking Smecta.
Pharmacology actively uses natural ingredients for the production of natural sorbents. The main materials for the production of such drugs are:
Natural sorbents are produced as biologically active additives(dietary supplements) are highly effective in eliminating symptoms of intoxication. Their dosage depends on the age of the patient. In medical practice the following are often used:
Lignosorb binds not only toxic substances, decay products of pathogenic flora, but also harmful microorganisms. Available in the form of tablets, powder or paste (for topical use in gynecology). The optimal course is 10–15 days, after which you should take a ten-day break. Side effects: constipation, allergic reactions. Indications for use:
Chitosan is made from the shells of sea crabs. Sorbs fats, preventing their absorption by the intestines. Has antimicrobial, antimycotic properties. Available in capsules. Children over 14 years of age and adults are recommended to take 2 capsules 3 times daily with meals. Course – 1 month. Contraindicated for people with individual intolerance to chitin. Indications for use:
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) consists of dietary fiber. Has the ability:
MCC is available in tablet form. Depending on the desired result, the drug is taken 3-10 tablets three times a day with meals (for weight loss - 20 minutes before meals). The course is 1 month, after which you need to take a ten-day break. No contraindications or side effects were identified. Indications for use:
Pectin sorbents are high-molecular carbohydrates that can bind bile acids, radionuclides, and heavy metal ions. Apple pectin has an antimicrobial effect: it stops the action opportunistic microflora intestines and pathogens of intestinal infections. Normalizes microbiocinosis of the gastrointestinal tract. Available in powder form. For a one-time dose, 5 g of pectin is poured into 200 ml of liquid, taken 3 times daily before meals. Before using this dietary supplement, you should consult your doctor. He will determine the required course.
Depending on the operating principle and active substance sorbents can have a therapeutic effect. They can serve as single drugs in cases of urgent need to detoxify the body, and are applicable as aids in complex therapy. The doctor prescribes sorbents based on the following indicators:
Sorbents for poisoning must have a large sorption capacity and versatility, because it is often not entirely clear what the person was poisoned with, what the nature unpleasant symptoms expressed, for example, by diarrhea, vomiting, etc. For emergency assistance The effectiveness of the enterosorbent is of great importance. Effective drugs for poisoning:
| Name | Directions for use |
| Carbolong | One-time gastric lavage with 20% suspension. Then apply 10 g of the product, diluted with 200 ml of water, three times a day. Course – 2–3 days. |
| Polysorb | 10 g 3 times a day. Course – 5 days |
| Polyphepan | Stir 1 tablespoon of powder in a glass of water. Use immediately after preparing the solution 4 times daily for 5–7 days. |
| Dissolve 3 sachets (3 g each) in water and take once. |
|
| Sorbolong | 30 g 3 times a day for 3 days. |
Almost always, in case of allergies, doctors prescribe sorbent drugs to patients, since they bind and remove allergens, while the drugs themselves negative impact have no effect on the body. The best sorbents for allergies in adults:
A proven method for removing decomposition products ethyl alcohol is the intake of activated carbon. At alcohol intoxication its dosage is calculated as follows: 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight. Defecation and urination should not be delayed so as not to cause desorption. An effective remedy to remove hangover syndrome is Atoxyl. Its dosage for alcohol intoxication should be increased to 24 g per day, divided into equal parts for three doses. The recommended single dose of Smecta for alcohol poisoning is 3 sachets.
Enterosorbents are prescribed simultaneously with antibiotics, probiotics and other medications for the treatment of dysbiosis. Sorbents for intestinal cleansing are designed to bind and remove toxins, pathogenic microorganisms and decay products of their vital activity. Enterosgel stops the effect of methyl silicic acid, which creates an acidic environment favorable for the active proliferation of harmful bacteria. In case of dysbacteriosis, a single dose of the drug is increased to 1.5 tablespoons. Take at least 5 days three times a day.
Polysorb is a drug with a powerful detoxifying effect. In case of imbalance of intestinal microflora, take at the rate of 0.2 g per 1 kg of the patient’s body weight. On the first day of manifestation of symptoms of dysbacteriosis, Polysorb is taken every hour. From the second day, the daily dosage is divided into 3-4 doses. The course is at least five days. Activated carbon also helps to cope with dysbiosis. The dosage calculation is standard - 1 tablet per 10 kg of weight. It is not recommended to take carbon sorbent for more than 5 days.
To relieve pain and heartburn due to stomach ulcers, enterosorbents are used that neutralize bile acids. The most effective are:
There are restrictions on the use of enterosorbents: by age and during pregnancy. Among the large list of drugs, you can easily select a suitable sorbent in a convenient release form, but it is worth remembering that it can only be used as prescribed by a doctor. The attending doctor calculates the dosage of the medication (dietary supplement) individually for each patient, taking into account age and health status.
Use with extreme caution medications during pregnancy. Allowed for pregnant women:
The sorbent preparations developed by pharmacologists for babies contain enveloping substances and have virtually no side effects. They act only in the intestines and are quickly eliminated from the body. The safest and most effective sorbents for children of different age categories are.
Sorbents are materials used to absorb liquids and gases, representing the most effective way capturing a chemical that is otherwise difficult to collect. In the context of occupational health and safety, the use of sorbents is a method of absorbing harmful or potentially hazardous chemicals released into the work environment due to an accident or as a by-product.
In clinical medicine, sorbents are widely used in various forms, in direct contact with body fluids. Adsorbent and absorbent are two words that are similar to each other, and refer to actions that have almost the same appearance. But these sorbents work differently.
Sometimes confusion arises - adsorbent or absorbent. The operating principle of the two categories of sorbents is like the difference between a magnet and straw. Adsorption is a surface process. Adsorbents work by selective molecular attraction - only some molecules are attracted to the surface of the material (an adsorbate film is created on the surface).
Adsorbents are substances that are usually porous in nature with a high surface area that can adsorb substances using intermolecular forces.
In industrial applications, specialized adsorbents are used to clean up toxic spills (other than oil) in a variety of refining processes where they are used to isolate specific components of a chemical stream.
The main types of adsorbents used are: activated alumina, silica gel, activated carbon, molecular sieve carbon, molecular sieve zeolites and polymer adsorbents. Most adsorbents are produced (eg activated carbons), but some zeolites are found naturally. Each adsorbent has its own characteristics, such as porosity, pore structure and the nature of its adsorbing surfaces.
An absorbent is a material that is capable of absorbing (absorbing) liquid or gas and containing them inside. Absorbents usually have a large number of small pores.
Most so-called "universal" sorption products are absorbents that rely on capillarity to draw any liquids into their structure. All-purpose absorbents are often mixed with various cellulosic products such as wood pulp, corn or paper scraps, but can be made from polypropylene or other inorganic substances.
Adsorbents and absorbents can be natural organic, natural inorganic and synthetic. Natural organic sorbents include peat moss, sawdust, feathers and anything else natural that contains carbon. Natural inorganic sorbents include substances such as clay, sand, or even volcanic ash. Synthetic sorbents are man-made and include substances such as polyethylene and nylon.
In clinical medicine, adsorbents and absorbents are widely used in various forms, in direct contact with body fluids, adsorbents and absorbents are effective in cases of poisoning.
For example, activated charcoal, a natural carbon-based sorbent used in emergency centers around the world, is considered the most popular treatment for poisoning and drug overdose, in addition to reducing bloating and gas, lowering cholesterol levels, and bile problems. during pregnancy and even to prevent a hangover. Research shows that activated charcoal, through an adsorption process, works better than colonic lavage in some situations.
The porous surface of the sorbent has a negative electrical charge, which causes communication with positively charged toxins and gases.
Adsorbents and absorbents can be harmful materials for some diseases. Adsorbents and absorbents are contraindicated in patients at risk of bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, gastric perforation caused by pathology or medical diseases; prohibited when intestinal obstruction, atony of the intestinal walls, lack of peristalsis. You should refrain from taking adsorbents and absorbents if you have an individual intolerance to the components in their composition.
Antacids (an antacid is an acid-neutralizing agent), like adsorbents, are used to treat symptoms of high acidity in the stomach (indigestion, heartburn, acid indigestion). Aluminum and magnesium antacids, like adsorbents, work quickly, reducing acidity; Liquid antacids are considered more effective than tablets or capsules. The drugs only affect existing acidity, but do not prevent acid production. The medicine can be taken alone or with other medicines that reduce acidity (for example, H2 blockers such as cimetidine/ranitidine and proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole).
Aluminum salts slowly dissolve in the stomach, gradually reducing the symptoms of heartburn; but they can cause constipation. Magnesium salts work quickly to neutralize the acid, but are known to cause diarrhea.
Because the effects of aluminum and magnesium can balance each other out, using them together is often considered a good remedy for indigestion.
Aluminum hydroxide and aluminophosphate adjuvants are typically prepared by exposing aqueous solutions of aluminum salts, typically in the form of sulfates or chlorides, to alkaline conditions in a well-defined and controlled chemical environment. Various soluble aluminum salts can be used to produce aluminum hydroxide, but experimental conditions (temperature, concentration, and even the rate of addition of reagents) greatly influence the results. Anions present during preparation can coprecipitate and change the characteristics compared to those of “pure” aluminum hydroxide. Phosphalugel, an aluminum phosphate gel, can be considered an example of such a preparation in which soluble aluminum salts are precipitated in the presence of a sufficient amount of phosphate ions.
Accept medicinal product depending on the characteristics of the disease, following the instructions on the product packaging or as directed by your doctor. Aluminum can react with other medications, including digoxin, iron, tetracycline antibiotics, pazopanib, and quinolones (like ciprofloxacin), so it's a good idea to discuss this with your pharmacist or doctor ahead of time to help prevent problems.
An effective drug containing aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone, it can generally be used to prevent and treat ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux (a condition associated with heartburn and regurgitation of stomach acid), or to relieve symptoms of heartburn and indigestion. The effect of the suspension can be felt within a few minutes.
Gastal, which belongs to adsorbents and antacids (in the form of lozenges), can be used for gastrointestinal diseases, vomiting, dyspepsia, dizziness, hiccups, gastroesophageal reflux. In any case, treatment with antacids is only warranted for minor symptoms.
Classic antacids - such as aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate - are absorbed only to a limited extent. No toxic effects from aluminum have been described. But since chronic consumption of small amounts of aluminum is considered problematic, drugs called magaldrate, algeldrate, almasilate, hydrotalcite and sucralfate, of which only traces of aluminum (at most) are believed to be absorbed, or preparations of calcium carbonate plus magnesium carbonate or hydroxide, without aluminum content, are of greater therapeutic interest.
Enterosorbent based on colloidal silicon dioxide has an absorption capacity of 300 mg/g when administered orally. Powder (for preparation of suspension) with an action mechanism related to adsorption or capsule has a wide range of applications:
Silicon oxides can be called silicates; the most common type is SiO2. It can be found naturally in crystalline form (such as quartz sand) and is the most common component of the earth's crust; silicates are present in water, animals and plants and are consumed as part of the natural human diet. Amorphous silica, on the other hand, is manufactured industrially in a variety of forms, including silica gels, precipitated silica, and fumed silica. What does colloidal mean? A colloid is a stable dispersion of particles that are small enough that gravity does not cause them to settle, but large enough that they do not pass through the membrane and do not allow other molecules and ions to pass freely. The particle size ranges from 1 to 100 nm.
IN pharmaceutical industry The substance (also known as colloidal silica) has many uses in tabletting: anti-caking agent, adsorbent, glidant.
Due to its enormous adsorption capacity, activated carbon is the most widely used sorbent in conventional hemoperfusion systems.
Activated Charcoal is an adsorbent and powerful natural cleanser used to trap toxins and chemicals in millions of tiny pores, allowing them to be flushed out and not absorbed by the body.
To effectively cleanse the body, it is important to choose the best activated charcoal made from natural sources such as coconut shells.
An effective enterosorbent binds to toxins or pathogens in the intestinal lumen, allowing them to naturally pass through the stool. If enterosorbent were not used, these particles would remain free molecules, with the ability to cross the intestinal wall and penetrate the bloodstream and body tissues. Some enterosorbents are based on carbon (the most famous is activated carbon), others are based on silicon dioxide (Polysorb, Enterosgel). All sorbents have a porous structure, so they act like microscopic sponges. Based on the molecular structure of the sorbents, each enterosorbent will function to absorb particles of different molecular weights.
If normal microbial flora has a high affinity for enterocyte receptors, then pathogenic flora does not have such characteristics. To attach to the surface of the mucosa, it uses other binding methods. Due to electrostatic interaction with the surface of Enterosgel, the destruction of pathogens occurs even before contact with the surface of the mucosa, and the components of bacteria bind to the sorbent. Whereas sorbent particles do not interact with the surface of the mucosa due to its hydrophobic properties.
Due to its hydrophobic properties, the adsorbent is located in the intestinal lumen and is not absorbed by the blood. Decomposition products (ethanol) that are present in the blood are secreted in the intestinal lumen (due to the mechanisms of enteroendogenous recycling of substances). Inside the intestinal lumen, the adsorbent acts as a scavenger and can activate the uptake of these substances, preventing their absorption by the body and thereby reducing the ethanol content in the blood.
The dosage of the adsorbent depends on various factors:
On average, the duration of treatment with sorbent is 21 days. The minimum duration of sorbent treatment is from 10 to 15 days; it is during this period that the gastrointestinal mucosa is regenerated to a predominant extent.
The sorbent can be used together with antibacterial drugs(with any antibiotics), keeping to a two-hour interval.
It is undesirable to use enterosorbent with long-release antibiotics, which include sorption material as a carrier. Otherwise, competition between sorbents may occur.
An effective and widely used detoxifying sorbent (absorbent) is polyphepane, produced from native lingin. A class of complex organic polymers, lingin forms important structural materials in the tissues of vascular plants and some algae. Lingins are especially important in the formation of cell walls (especially in wood and bark), as they impart rigidity and prevent easy rotting. Hydrolytic lingin adsorbs toxins and various types of microorganisms and removes them. This definition includes:
Cleaning with an absorbent takes place by removing toxic metals from the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to their subsequent removal through feces. Reduces absorbent recirculation of elevated levels of histamine, IgA, alcohol and urea.
Polyphepane is offered in several forms (powder, paste for suspension, granules). The drug is administered into the body orally, by enema, gastronasal tube, or in the form of vaginal tampons. The absorbent dose is calculated in accordance with the instructions depending on age category. The absorbent solution is made with purified water.
Average single dose of absorbent:
Absorbent treatment lasts from three to seven days, with chronic diseases– up to two weeks; the course of taking the sorbent can be repeated if necessary.
Enterosorbents are applicable for various medical conditions, including allergies. Use of sorbents in pathologies of various etiologies is based on the important role of the gastrointestinal tract in the development various diseases. Sorbents are not able to colonize the intestines with normal microbial flora, but due to their effect on the intestinal mucosa, they provide favorable conditions for its growth and development.
Sorbents are especially indicative for atopic dermatitis. Enterosorbent containing pectin, inulin and fennel extract, as part of complex therapy for the treatment of blood pressure, helps alleviate an allergic episode.
There is no concept of a children's sorbent; almost all enterosorbents presented on pharmaceutical market, represent a product safe for children. The main thing when prescribing a sorbent is to follow the dosage instructions.
High-quality and safe enterosorbents, such as Enterosgel, Polysorb, Polyphepan, each of which is a universal drug, are officially approved for pregnant and lactating women with certain intestinal conditions, including diarrhea and constipation. Enterosorbent can help pregnant women cope with nausea.
Every day our body is poisoned by one or another toxin (car exhaust fumes, heavy metals, food additives and cleaning chemicals). Absorbent detoxifiers help rid the body of almost all unwanted toxins, including mold mitotoxins and other harmful gases. Sorbents are effective in blood purification to directly remove various circulating toxin materials and metabolites. Cleansing the body with sorbents is not difficult; just follow a few steps:
Enterosorbent white coal– an innovative medicine, a sorbent based on silicon dioxide, provides rapid therapeutic effect, releasing toxins from the intestinal lumen, and in a lower dosage than activated charcoal. The absorbent reduces the concentration of lipid peroxidation products and increases antioxidant systemic enzymes in the serum. The advantage of the absorbent relative to its analogue is that this sorbent does not cause constipation.
