Dental health can only be guaranteed by proper oral hygiene. If you don't pay attention to it, problems will arise over time: caries, periodontal disease, loss of bone units. A clear symptom of poor hygiene is the smell, which is especially noticeable during a conversation. Diseases can develop due to ignorance of the rules of care.
If we talk about the definition of hygiene, then it includes measures for the care and removal of plaque from teeth, which help prevent oral diseases. The procedure must be carried out correctly, including superficial removal of deposits and deep cleansing of the interdental space and gingival grooves.
Proper hygiene includes:
A visit to the dentist should be scheduled every six months. No cleansing special tools hygiene will be insufficient, which can provoke the occurrence of foci of inflammation and diseases.
High-quality home oral hygiene can reduce the impact of pathogenic bacteria on the body. The essence of individual dental hygiene is care using basic products:
Also included in the list of home oral hygiene measures is a self-examination to identify inflammation, plaque and caries. We'll talk more about hygiene products below.
Proper professional oral hygiene is carried out by a hygienist using special devices and materials:
Removing plaque from teeth is an excellent method of preventing periodontal disease. The specialist determines the level of hygiene; after cleaning the crowns, carious lesions become visible, natural color enamel, which is important for occlusion restoration. As a rule, the procedure is performed according to the algorithm:
An assessment of the hygienic state of the oral cavity is carried out to select methods and materials for cleaning, caring for teeth and mucous membranes. The doctor uses special means(Lugol's solution, fuchsin, etc.) to identify dental plaque and evaluate the effectiveness of hygiene measures. The dye is applied to the enamel, after which the specialist determines the area occupied by plaque and its thickness.
Oral hygiene assessment is performed using a special table. The quality of hygiene is determined depending on the intensity of pigmentation of each tooth:
The enamel contamination index in each clinic is determined by its own methods. Scale used to measure deposits and coloring agents may vary.
Dental hygiene begins with the choice of toothpaste and brush. There are several types of pastes:
For proper hygiene oral cavity It is important to choose the right brush. It is better to buy a product with artificial fibers - the fibers in them have a smooth surface and the ends are rounded. You need to pay attention to such a parameter as the stiffness of the bristles - as a rule, brushes of medium hardness are suitable for most adults.
It is necessary to take care of your toothbrush, keeping it clean. After use, the product must be dried; it should not be left without a hygienic lid next to the toilet. It is advisable to purchase an ultraviolet sterilizer, which is designed to kill bacteria on the bristles.
To remove plaque and food particles between the teeth, flat and round threads are used in spools or on special holders. They are impregnated with a germ-killing composition and allow mechanical removal of deposits.
If there are orthopedic structures, implants, or wide gaps between teeth, interdental brushes and irrigators are used. These devices are selected by the doctor individually for the patient and allow you to remove plaque from all hard-to-reach places.
Hygiene involves not only removing deposits from the interdental spaces, but also cleansing the oral mucosa. On the inner surface of the cheeks, between the villi of the tongue, microparticles of food accumulate, which create ideal conditions for the proliferation of bacteria.
To maintain a healthy mouth, it is necessary to clean the palate, buccal mucosa and tongue. For this you can use a regular toothbrush or a bandage wrapped around a finger.
The list of care products includes:
Your home arsenal can be replenished with hygiene aids - a tongue scraper and a toothbrush with a textured surface reverse side heads. These devices provide effective removal plaque from soft tissues.
Maintaining good hygiene helps maintain oral health. For each person, the rules presented below should become a habit:
To properly perform oral hygiene, you need to adhere to a certain scheme. Taking care of your teeth comes down to simple instructions:
You need to brush your teeth for 2-3 minutes, and then start massaging your gums, making circular movements with a brush or finger for 30-60 seconds.
The next stage is cleaning the oral mucosa:
Morning and evening oral hygiene ends with the use of a rinse. You should take 2 teaspoons of the product into your mouth and roll it for a minute.
The entire hygiene procedure takes no more than 10 minutes. Following the timing will help maintain the condition of your teeth. high level. With careful care, most periodontal diseases and bone loss can be avoided.
The oral cavity is an ideal environment for the development of microorganisms. It is humid and warm, so poor oral hygiene leads to serious consequences:
Having appeared in the mouth, the infection spreads throughout the body, penetrating the internal organs. Toxic waste products of bacteria increase the load on the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and heart. An infection in the oral cavity can in the future provoke the development of arthritis, hearing, smell and vision disorders.
Conscientious oral care involves brushing your teeth daily. However, a person practically does not think about other points:
Everyone wants to have a snow-white, healthy smile, but not everyone knows what to do to achieve this. Some people limit themselves to buying commercial toothpaste and an expensive brush. However, this is often not enough. To keep your teeth healthy, your breath fresh, and gum problems never overtake you, simple but proper oral hygiene should become a daily ritual for you. What oral care should be like, what means exist for this today, and the rules for brushing teeth that everyone needs to know, you will find in the article.
Back in ancient times doctors insisted that a person is healthy as long as his teeth are healthy. If you take proper care of your teeth, pay proper attention to your gums, and carefully select oral products, you can keep your mouth healthy, prevent everyone from visiting an unloved dentist, and save a considerable amount of money on dental treatment. Oral hygiene should be carried out regularly and correctly. It should consist of:
Any girl should know the following rules and put them into practice. If you haven't done them all before, it's never too late to introduce them into your life. You will be surprised how easy it is to provide your teeth and gums with proper care, which will quickly become a habit:
Teeth need to be brushed correctly, then oral care will be of high quality. By removing all plaque, you will protect your teeth from caries, and your gums from gingivitis, periodontitis and other diseases. The step-by-step scheme for cleaning the oral cavity is as follows:
Oral hygiene will not take you more than 10 minutes in the morning and evening. Do everything right and your teeth and gums will be healthy. Now let's learn more about oral hygiene products.
Oral hygiene products are also important in quality care. We will help you make the right choice by telling you what to look for when purchasing.
Forget all the advertisements you saw on TV. When choosing toothpaste, it is not at all necessary to buy the most expensive one available in the store. Whether it is a domestic manufacturer or a foreign one also does not play a major role. The compositions of the pastes are most often identical. What you need to pay attention to is the fluoride content. Products with fluoride are only suitable for the prevention of caries, but if this scourge has already befallen you, fluoride-containing toothpastes will only worsen the condition of your teeth. Pay attention to the purpose of the product. For daily use, you need a therapeutic-and-prophylactic or complex paste, but be careful with bleaching ones. When choosing a whitening paste, it is better to consult your dentist.
Toothbrushes are primarily divided into electric and regular ones for manual cleaning. The former cope with the task better, but are also more expensive. It is recommended to change attachments as often as a regular brush, so the question of choice quite often comes down to finances. An electric toothbrush can easily clean the furthest teeth without you having to make any effort: just move the brush from tooth to tooth. When choosing an electric brush, pay attention to the nozzle itself. It can be simply cleansing or whitening. The type of power is also important: battery-powered brushes are cheaper, but with a battery they are more convenient.
A regular hand brush comes in 3 levels of hardness: soft, medium and hard. Soft bristles are gentle on teeth and gums, but do not clean well, while hard bristles are too aggressive. Dentists advise choosing the golden mean - medium-hard bristles.
All dental flosses are thin fibers twisted together. The choice of this oral care product is quite large. More expensive threads are made from silk fibers, while cheaper options are made from synthetic fibers. Floss threads can be lubricated, ungreased, fluoridated, flat, round, embossed, scented. Dentists recommend choosing a flat, lubricated thread; it is more convenient to use and reduces the risk of injury to the gums. Waxed threads are suitable for beginners; they are more durable and therefore ideal for first attempts. If you want to provide your teeth with additional protection against caries, use fluoridated floss.
The rinse aid has wide range Actions: removes plaque, kills bacteria, freshens breath, heals wounds, prevents caries. Designed for different purposes different types rinses: therapeutic and preventive. The main goal of preventive rinses is to keep your breath fresh. But medicinal ones can be intended to combat inflammation, bleeding gums, and tooth sensitivity. Initially, you need to decide on the task that the rinse aid will need to perform. Prophylactic products are suitable for daily use.
In conclusion, I would like to note the importance of regular visits to the dentist. For example, if you have a problem such as bleeding gums, rinsing with herbal decoctions and using special pastes will not solve the problem completely, but if you contact a specialist, it will correct the situation in half an hour. Take care of your oral cavity and be healthy!
Oral hygiene is home and professional care of teeth, mucous membranes, and interdental space. The procedure at the dentist must be done about 2 times a year. At home, you need to brush your teeth twice a day. The evening procedure is considered the main one, since it helps remove food particles that have accumulated during the day.
Dentists use special indices to assess the degree of contamination of the oral cavity. The indicator is assessed using dyes that are applied to enamels. The procedure is completely painless, so patients should not be afraid of this test. The dye is applied to the anterior, anterior teeth, vestibular and medial surface elements.
The index is determined for each element in the oral cavity. The rating scale is as follows:
Each clinic uses its own methods for assessing dental hygiene.
Effective cleaning of the oral cavity from plaque and food debris is possible only by using the complex hygiene products. The list of care devices includes several types of toothpastes, floss, brush and irrigator. These devices will reduce the number of visits to the dentist.
The principle of operation of an electric brush is to constantly rotate a disk with bristles under the influence of electric current. The electric brush is replaced as often as a regular one - once every 2-3 months.
There are two main types of products - a simple and an electric brush. The devices also differ in the level of bristle stiffness. For bleeding gums and sensitive enamel, it is recommended to use brushes with soft bristles. In addition to them, dental floss and irrigators must be used, because such products cannot efficiently remove all plaque from the teeth. If a person does not have dental diseases, then it is better for him to use brushes with medium-hard bristles. The choice of oral care device largely depends on the structure of the person’s jaw and the condition of the teeth.
The irrigator is designed to remove food particles from hard-to-reach areas that cannot be reached with a regular or electric toothbrush. Hygienic care performed using a powerful jet of water or medicine emitted by the device.
There are several types of products depending on the principle of operation and dimensions:
Has smaller sizes portable irrigator. It works the same way as an electric toothbrush - it runs on batteries. The device can be taken with you on the road and used at home. A stationary irrigator is different large size and requires connection to an outlet. For this reason, it is more often used in dental clinics. The simplest and cheapest option is a device connected to the water supply.
The choice of device type depends on the characteristics of the dental disease:
What is included in the irrigator kit? The device comes with several types of attachments. They are designed to treat various areas of the oral cavity: gum pockets, lateral and front teeth, braces
There are practically no contraindications to using the device, but before using it you should read the instructions. It is not recommended to use the device if there is significant bleeding of the gums and there are wounds on the surface of the mucous membranes. If you have any doubts about the possibility of using an irrigator, you should consult a dentist.
The device is necessary for effective cleaning of the interdental space. The accessory also comes in several types: twisted, flat and round. Floss is used after home oral hygiene with a brush and paste. The thread must be soaked antiseptics and wax. The size of the device is determined depending on the distance between the teeth.
The main cause of dental problems is reproduction pathogenic bacteria due to poor oral hygiene. Pathogenic flora often lives in the interdental spaces, which are difficult to clean. To prevent carious processes, toothpicks and brushes are used.
Toothsticks are a thin wooden stick with one pointed end. The device must be used carefully so as not to damage the gums and soft fabrics
The design of brushes differs from toothbrushes. They consist of a thin metal base on which the fibers are attached.
In the absence dental diseases Children and adults are recommended to use prophylactic pastes. The composition should be changed once every 2 months to avoid getting used to the components of the paste.
At pathological processes in the oral cavity, the choice of paste is agreed upon with the dentist. For example, when gums are irritated, pastes and rinses with anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous components are required.
Proper oral hygiene includes using a toothbrush and toothpaste twice a day. Thus, the enamel surface is cleaned of soft coating.
The brush is placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the gum and moves from the base of the gum to cutting edge element. The movements are repeated up to 10 times for each zone. This method is used only when cleaning the anterior elements and canines.
When moving to the cutting edge of the tooth, the brush is held at an angle of 90 degrees.
To care for the side teeth, the brush is also placed at right angles to the teeth. Movements are made left and right for the front and inner surfaces. Any remaining food particles between the teeth are then flossed.
During the procedure, adhere to the following oral hygiene tips:
The duration of the procedure is up to 4 minutes. Before performing personal hygiene, it is advisable to rinse your mouth with clean water.
Many patients prefer electrical products rather than simple ones. They are much more expensive than regular brushes, but, as practice shows, they do not provide noticeable benefits when performing oral hygiene in adults.
The movement of the fibers is carried out due to a running motor working with high frequency(more than 50 head revolutions per minute). Electric brushes Dentists often recommend this to children who do not know how to properly use a regular brush. The same applies to older people who have problems with coordination of movements.
Flat products are more suitable for treating the interdental space between dense elements. The thread glides thanks to the action of saliva and special impregnating compounds.
You need to use floss taking into account the recommendations for oral hygiene:
When flossing, the fingers of one hand are placed in the mouth. The thread is directed to the desired position with a large or index finger.
Sometimes a flossette is included with dental floss. It is necessary to hold the thread in a taut position.
Not all patients know what an irrigator is and how to use it correctly. The situation is complicated by the fact that products purchased on the Internet are not always supplied with instructions in Russian.
Typically the product has the following settings:
The device is necessary for the hygiene of gums and hard-to-reach areas in the oral cavity. The use of an irrigator is almost always carried out in the bathroom, so before using it, you need to make sure that the device’s wires or battery compartment are reliably protected from liquid penetration. Some irrigators are additionally equipped with ultrasonic lamps. The radiation coming from these lamps contributes to the death of pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity.
Rules for using the device:
It should be noted that the main fact that is an indication for a professional procedure is insufficient oral hygiene performed at home. As a result of such brushing, a soft plaque forms on the teeth, which subsequently hardens and turns into tartar. A person will not be able to cope with the problem on his own.
The professional procedure includes:
Important stage professional teeth cleaning – consultation with a dentist. The doctor recommends a specific type of oral care product suitable for a particular patient
The algorithm and rules for brushing teeth in children and adults are not much different. You need to take care of your child’s oral cavity from infancy. After each feeding, the baby’s gums are wiped with a cloth soaked in soda solution or a fingertip.
It is necessary to teach your child the rules of oral hygiene after the appearance of baby teeth. For a child, they specially purchase a brush with soft bristles and toothpastes with neutral chemical composition. The first procedures should be short - up to 30 seconds. Each time the duration of cleaning increases.
Parents should teach their child to squeeze onto the brush not large number paste (no more than a pea). For additional oral hygiene in children, you can use special wipes soaked in xylitol. The substance destroys pathogenic microorganisms that multiply on enamel and gums. These napkins are stored in the refrigerator.
Indicator quality care behind the oral cavity – no problems with the gums. The procedure helps prevent various dental problems: development of caries, early tooth loss, periodontitis, bad breath.
Failure to follow the basic rules of the procedure leads to the fact that the soft plaque on the teeth crystallizes and turns into stone.
Hard formations cause detachment of the gums from the neck of the tooth. Bacteria actively multiply in periodontal pockets.
Scientists have identified more than 60 types of diseases that manifest themselves as a consequence of improper home oral hygiene:
Active reproduction of pathogenic flora leads to the formation of a chronic focus of infection in the mouth. This affects work protective forces body and leads to damage to various internal organs. Therefore, comprehensive oral hygiene is important for maintaining a snow-white smile and maintaining overall health.
It goes without saying how important oral hygiene is. After eating, acids always form in the mouth, which negatively affect the enamel of the teeth - they corrode it. If acids are not cleaned in time, they form deposits and accumulations, which can result in the formation of stones and holes. And against the backdrop of weakened and bleeding gums, the situation becomes even worse. To avoid this, hygiene rules must be observed.
It is equally important to know that you need to brush your teeth 2 times a day: the first time after the first meal, and the second time at night.
Choosing a quality toothbrush is another way to keep your teeth perfectly clean. All brushes differ in degree of hardness:
If you don't have dental floss, try using a toothpick. With its help, you can remove pinpoint accumulations of food debris. Its only downside is that it can damage your gums, so proceed with extreme caution.
To remove food debris, hold the toothpick at a 45-degree angle to the tooth.
There is no fundamental difference between brushing the teeth of children and adults, but there are still subtleties and some nuances.
In the very first months of a baby's life, parents should take care of their gums. After feeding, the gums are wiped with napkins soaked in soda solution or fingertips with the same composition.
To encourage a child to become interested in brushing their teeth, special games, calendars and fairy tales are used.
Teach your child to take no more toothpaste than the nail of his little finger. This way he will learn to dose the paste correctly.
As additional care for babies, you can use special wipes. They contain xylitol, which kills bacteria that grow on the gums and tooth enamel. Such napkins should be kept in the refrigerator so that their cold relieves possible pain.
The main problem with removable dentures is that you still need to get used to them. At first, while addiction is underway, you can purchase protection from irritation in the oral cavity. Special preparations help cleanse the oral cavity additionally. As soon as discomfort When you get used to it, they go away; the aids can be discontinued.
There are disadvantages to using removable structures. Due to the prosthesis:
When the prosthesis needs to be transported, use a special container for this.
The most common index reflects dental caries damage. This takes into account:
The level of intensity of caries development is expressed as a percentage, where from 80% the intensity is high, and up to 30% is the lowest.
To evaluate the effectiveness of oral hygiene, special test– staining of teeth. The index is calculated for each tooth in a special code, and then the data is displayed in a total amount. In the same way, bite, gum condition, aesthetic index, etc. are assessed.
How can you use the hygiene index at home and why is it needed? You will be able to independently assess how well you take care of your teeth. For the test and objective assessment, you need to purchase a special dye. It stains deposits on teeth. The more intense the staining, the lower the assessment of the hygienic condition of the teeth.
Most dental diseases occur solely due to poor hygiene.
Caries and tartar are a consequence of the accumulation of plaque on the teeth. It is located even in unobvious places:
Even if you regularly visit the dentist who treats your caries, prolonged untimely oral care threatens a relapse of the development of dental disease. Filled teeth will have to be re-treated, and with them gum diseases - periodontitis and gingivitis - will have to be thoroughly dealt with.
The accumulation of microbes in the oral cavity is not only an aesthetic problem. Bad teeth affect the functioning of the entire body, causing stomach diseases and allergic reactions.
Oral hygiene is a complex of hygienic procedures: individual and professional cleaning of the dentition, gum pockets and tongue. Cleaning can be done at home or in a dental clinic by a professional hygienist.
Professional oral hygiene is carried out twice a year to clean numerous interdental areas, remove plaque, restore the color of enamel and other work that is difficult to perform at home.
Individual hygiene procedures must be carried out daily, twice a day after meals. The most important is the evening procedure, carried out immediately before bed: plaque accumulated during the day can contribute to the growth of bacteria, the formation of caries and gum pathology.
To determine the degree of contamination, a test with special dyes and an enamel testing scale for the oral hygiene index is used.
The degree of contamination is determined by the color saturation of the dye that is applied to the enamel layer, painting the frontal, medial, vestibular and occlusal surfaces. The quality of the index assessment is measured in points based on the intensity of staining of the areas of each individual tooth:
Important!“Each dental clinic uses its own methods for determining the enamel contamination index, using special solutions and a scale for measuring plaque deposits.”
The oral cavity is filled with microorganisms involved in the primary breakdown of food, preservation of enamel and maintenance general condition microflora of the body. In advanced cases, the microflora is filled with pathogenic bacteria that destroy enamel and deform gum tissue.
Important!“Problem areas for cleaning plaque deposits are: the inner surface of the teeth; internal occlusal part of the lower molars; outer mesiobuccal aspect of the molars.”
In order to thoroughly carry out daily procedures for cleaning deposits, oral hygiene products are needed; basic cleaning supplies include:
Professional oral hygiene from a dental hygienist will help you completely get rid of plaque deposits.
Why is oral hygiene so important in dentistry, what is included in the mandatory procedures, and why is professional help in cleaning teeth necessary?
Firstly: removing accumulations of soft plaque is difficult without professional help; over time, it tends to harden into tartar, which is not possible to remove on your own.
Secondly: hard plaque not only spoils the appearance, but also promotes the proliferation of bacteria, which leads to the formation of caries, periodontitis and many other diseases.
Professional oral hygiene differs in the type of appointment and the instrumental equipment used in the procedure. Before starting any operation, the dental hygienist rinses the patient’s mouth with an antiseptic solution and, if the surfaces are to be thoroughly treated, uses anesthetics to treat the gum tissue using a spray, gel or injection.
Oral hygiene cleaning products for soft plaque:
This cleaning uses attachments with hard brushes, specialized pastes and gels with a high content of abrasive particles.
The brushes rotate in a circle at a sufficient speed, and this method effectively removes soft dental plaque.
During the cleaning process using the Air-Flow ultrasonic device, a nozzle is used, which under strong pressure directs a stream of air with a special solution and small abrasive particles onto the tooth surface.
Colliding with the surface antiseptic solution washes away and removes dirt and plaque particles. Airflow Helps remove abrasive residues.
In this way, the enamel layer, mucous membrane and gum pockets are cleaned from soft bacterial plaque.
Previously, procedures for removing hard stone were carried out by peeling and chipping dental stones using special dental instruments; such an operation damaged the enamel and provoked the occurrence of microcracks and chips.
Currently using safe and effective means oral hygiene, these include:
This is by far the most popular cleaning, it effectively removes stone deposits and other pathological formations on the enamel, in the interdental crevices, under the gums, in periodontal pockets.
Cleaning is carried out using a scaler and an Air-Flow jet device using special nozzles for solid deposits. After cleaning, the enamel is ground and polished.
This method copes with stone deposits of varying densities and sizes; the laser removes both old hardened plaque in the gum pockets and the surface membrane formed as a result of smoking or eating foods with coloring elements. 
At the end of the procedure, the enamel is coated with dental varnish or gel, which reduces sensitivity and protects against the effects of pathogenic microflora.
Laser cleaning is a more gentle procedure than ultrasound; one of its advantages is that it is absolutely painless and therefore does not require prior anesthesia.
Any dental clinic provides professional services for teeth cleaning, carried out with laser and ultrasonic equipment, which are the most optimal today.
Important!“To remove deposits, it is necessary to carry out as many cleaning sessions as the contaminated surface requires. As a rule, combined types of cleansing are used for more effective results.”
Professional cleaning is mandatory procedure pre-treatment of the mouth before any dental operations. Cleaning is necessary for the following reasons: 
Before prosthetics and restoration, it is necessary to carry out professional cleaning, only in this case is optimal correction of the tooth structure possible.
Important!“It is necessary to carry out dental cleaning and check for any deformations once every six months, in which case there is a chance to prevent any diseases of the teeth, gums and mucous membranes.”
To maintain your oral cavity in optimal hygienic condition, you must follow basic rules hygiene: use specially selected toothpastes and brushes and brush your teeth daily, always maintaining the correct range of motion.
They begin to clean the dentition from the lingual side, then the vestibular part of the enamel is covered, and only after that the tops of the crowns are cleaned.
For internal and external manipulations, the brush is installed at an angle of 45 degrees from the surface and moves smoothly from the root to the top. Each tooth must be brushed separately at least 10 times.
Cleaning begins with the upper molars, moving the brush in wave-like movements and gradually moving it to the molars, and this is repeated several times, in the same way the procedure is performed in the opposite direction (from the molars to the front) to strengthen the result.
The inside requires especially thorough cleaning. Must be cleaned using identical in a circular motion in the direction from the root to the apex and from the anterior to the molars, thoroughly cleaning inner side incisors.
For thorough treatment, you can use an irrigator; it cleans the cavity of food debris, prevents the formation of plaque, prevents the formation of caries and gingivitis, and prevents the appearance of an unpleasant odor. 
Hygiene procedures include mandatory cleansing of the tongue. During the cleaning process, pathogenic mucus, plaque, and food debris are removed from the surface of the tongue.
The tongue contains a large number of papillae and cavities, which are filled with microscopic food debris. As a result, the tongue becomes a source of proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms - through saliva, bacteria enter the surface of the enamel, gum tissue and the gastrointestinal tract.
