Goal tree – hierarchical visual representation of goal achievement; the principle in which the main goal is achieved through a combination of secondary and additional goals.
The method of constructing a goal visibility tree has long been established in planning production processes. And naturally, it grew huge quantities terms ( life cycle, delegation of powers, etc.). This blog is dedicated to the concept of development of a large enterprise, not the concept of development of a large enterprise - therefore, I take the liberty of showing a simple structure of a tree of goals with an example of its implementation.
From the diagram, I think it’s clear why it’s called Tree of Goals.
Description:
Main goal– this is what we want as a result, our finish, our successful implementation of the goal.
Goals 1, 2, 3…- secondary goals that contribute to the implementation of the main goal, naturally, and in order to achieve secondary goals - you may have to still fulfill, one step down the hierarchy, - goals a And b(That is, like a real tree - there is one pillar and several large branches, which also contain several more branches, but smaller ones... etc., etc.)
Moreover, secondary goals can be like components to achieve the main goal (without their successful implementation, there is no way to achieve the main goal), and additional(can be done, but not advisable).
This type of goal setting is very suitable for creating life guidelines, very large, global ones for your entire life, life mission. It is not suitable for one-day tasks, as well as for small, albeit necessary, purposes.
If you need to clearly imagine the purpose of your life or a very complex and necessary big goal, its place is at the beginning of the hierarchy of the tree.
One of the most sought-after goals for many people is financial well-being. Here's how it's done.
If you want to present it, you can use Microsoft Office Word -> Insert -> SmatrArt, or a similar program. If for yourself, I strongly recommend that you do it manually – i.e. use (sheet of blank paper + pen or pencil).
So we write at the very top:
Let's imagine that we have already achieved it - and, as it were, “remember” what was needed for this. — are also appropriate.
Financial well-being is a good flow of money in my direction. Where is the money flowing towards me? (don't forget, we are in the visualization matrix :))
Each person may have his own idea of what wealth is. Here and further I will “promote” my own.
First of all, cash flow can be associated with both passive and active investment. And just in case, there are many miracles in life, maybe...
A random chance is to raise optimism, and a subtle hint that I don’t know everything, and there may be things that contribute to achieving the main goal, but I’m still too young to know about them.
Now all of the above - again using the method of visualizing goals or your already gained experience... We work through and add to each subordinate branch...
This is what I ended up with:
The main method in constructing structures of goals and functions is the “goal tree” method.
“Goal tree” is a type of goal structure. The term was introduced by W. Churchman, who proposed the goal tree method in connection with decision-making problems in industry. The term “tree” implies the formation of a hierarchical structure obtained by dividing the general goal into subgoals, and these into more detailed components, which are named in specific applications using different names: directions, problems, programs, tasks, and, starting from a certain level, functions . This procedure was subsequently called goal structuring.
The “goal tree” method is aimed at obtaining a complete and relatively stable structure of goals, problems, directions, i.e. such a structure that would change little over a period of time with the inevitable changes that occur in any developing system.
The “tree” consists of goals of several levels: a general goal, goals of the 1st level (main), goals of the 2nd level, goals of the 3rd level, and so on until the required level of decomposition. Achieving the general goal presupposes the implementation of the main goals, and the implementation of each of the main goals presupposes the achievement, respectively, of its specific goals of the 2nd level, etc.
By the definition of a “tree” of goals we mean the following. The “goal tree” is a graph, i.e. a diagram showing the division of general goals into subgoals to the required level of decomposition and expressing the subordination and interconnection of elements.
The “tree of goals” is a hierarchically structured set of a general goal and its subordinate subgoals of the 1st, 2nd and subsequent levels - the “top” of the goal, interconnected by connections - edges, branches of the “tree” of goals (see Fig. 1.3).
Fig. 1.3 “Tree” of goals is simple (non-cyclic)
The number of subgoals does not have to be the same for each top-level goal. It all depends on the subject area being studied.
The construction of a “tree” of goals is based on the application of the following rules:
the decomposition of each goal into subgoals at one or another hierarchical level is carried out according to one selected classification criterion;
each goal is divided into at least two goals;
each goal must be subordinate to others;
any goal of each hierarchical level should relate only to a separate element (subsystem), i.e. must be targeted;
for each goal at any level of the hierarchy, resource support must be provided;
the number of goals at each level of decomposition must be sufficient to achieve the overlying goal;
The “tree” of goals should not contain isolated vertices, i.e. there should be no goals that are not related to other goals;
decomposition of goals is carried out to the hierarchical level that allows you to determine the responsible person and the composition of activities to achieve a higher goal and, ultimately, the main goal (especially for management systems);
Let's apply this method to the information and real estate service Express-Real Estate (see Fig. 1.4)
As a result of applying this method to a specific real estate company, goals were formed, the implementation of which is necessary to achieve the desired result, i.e. obtaining maximum profit. The system of dependencies and the role of each goal in the process of achieving the general goal were determined, subgoals were differentiated according to the degree of importance in the given conditions of real estate activity
Rice. 1.4 Tree of goals of the information and real estate service Express - Real Estate
Management practice took place on the basis of the trading company Spetstorg LLC
Limited Liability Company "Spetstorg" is trade organization, carrying out trading activities of products. Based on the Charter registered by the Moscow City Administration, the founders of Spetstorg LLC are individuals.
The trading and operational activities of a store consist of interconnected processes, the main of which are the study and formation of consumer demand, the purchase and delivery of goods to the store, the acceptance, storage and pre-sale preparation of goods, the sale and provision of trade services to customers, and the conduct of financial transactions.
The specificity of the trade and technological process carried out in a store from manufacturing companies consists in some shifts in emphasis from some traditional operations to others that are unique to branded stores. In particular, in accordance with the main tasks performed by branded trade, the primary role belongs to operations related to the study and formation of consumer demand, advertising of new types of goods, and ensuring a high culture of trade.
The organization of labor in a store should be aimed at implementing a complex of organizational, technical, economic and sanitary hygiene measures, allowing to rationalize trade - process, make more efficient use of the trade and technological process, make more effective use of retail and other space, equipment and store personnel, create favorable working conditions and, on this basis, ensure high level trade services to the population.
For an organization, the process of choosing a mission and setting goals is very important factor on the way to success.
The organization Spetstorg LLC has the following goals, which are displayed on the Goals Tree in Fig. 1.
Thus, summarizing the “Tree of Goals”, we can conclude that the main goal of the organization is to expand the market and obtain maximum profit from its activities. This can be achieved through marketing activities.
Spetstorg LLC does not have a separate marketing management structure. Marketing management is carried out by the director of the enterprise. The process is based on the marketing plan. The results of the development and implementation of a marketing plan determine the receipt of the intended income. This plan is an effective management tool and is presented in whole or in parts to all those who are directly involved in the planning process of the company.
1. Measures to enhance product sales: make the wage system for workers dependent on the results of their activities
2. Measures to focus the enterprise on the consumer:
2.1. If possible, conduct an analysis of unmet demand and the reasons why it was not satisfied
2.2. Creation effective technology consumer services
3. Activities for collecting commercial information
3.1. Assess the potential market capacity. Conduct segmentation by consumer level
3.2. Collection of information on product consumers
3.3. Collecting information on suppliers
3.4. Collecting information on competitors
4. Activities for the preparation of analytical materials for the analysis of the most promising market segments
4.1. Analyze the Enterprise Consumers
5. Pricing proposals
5.1. Bringing the company's prices into line with market requirements (unlike the standard situation - price increases are possible). To do this, it is necessary to study the prices of competitors, study the desire of Consumers to pay a particular price
5.2. Fixation of pricing policy taking into account data, but not to the detriment of the financial condition of the enterprise as a whole
6. Assortment proposals: system development management accounting, allowing you to make decisions on the choice of assortment
7.1. Development of a corporate identity concept
7.2. Development of 2-3 slogan options and use of the best of them in advertising campaigns.
7.3. Identifying the most effective means advertising and creating a media plan.
7.5. Development of an action plan to form a positive image of the organization, both in the minds of Consumers. Direct participation in its implementation.
Rice. 1.
profit management tree
The meaning of a person’s existence is determined by the achievement of his life goals. The same can be said about the existence of any organization, be it commercial, public, charitable or government. Any enterprise, association or entrepreneur pursues its own goals, which are the reasons for its existence and functioning. Let's consider different types goals and build a tree of goals using the example of an organization.
Mission and purpose
Any enterprise has its own mission - the main task that justifies its entire existence. For a charity company, this is, for example, helping cancer patients. For a commercial company - obtaining maximum profit. For social - achieving a socially significant task, for example, adaptation of disabled children in modern society.
Achieving a mission is divided into several components - “steps”, goals, the overcoming of which allows you to get as close as possible to solving the main task.
Types of goals
Every organization has several desires and aspirations that it would like to fulfill in the near future. Such goals can be short-term, medium-term and long-term. Typically, short-term tasks are solved in a year, medium-term ones - over a period of one to five years, and long-term ones are set for a period of at least five years.
How are goals set?
Goals for the organization as a whole and for its individual divisions can be set by the center, or locally, by department heads (centralized and decentralized). This depends on the management system adopted at the enterprise.
Also, with a decentralized method of setting goals, events can develop in two ways: top-down and bottom-up. In the first method, the center sets large goals, and local managers, in order to solve them, develop their own, smaller goals and set them for the staff. In the second method, goals are initially set in departments, and based on them, management determines the main objectives of the company and the path of its development.
All goals are set based on an analysis of the impact of internal and external environment to the enterprise, based on the main mission of the company. Only then are specific and individual tasks determined.
Tree of goals using the example of an organization
It is very convenient to represent the model of the organization's goals in a graphical representation in the form of a tree. This allows you to organize the hierarchy of goals. There are certain principles for constructing this graph.
At the top of the tree is the overall goal (mission) of the company. Next, it is divided into separate subtasks, without which the main mission is unattainable. At the same time, when formulating a task, you need to describe the desired result, but in no case the method of achieving it. At the same level there should be goals that are independent of each other and do not stem from each other.
Of course, the set of goals of each organization is purely individual. But, nevertheless, we can highlight several areas of its activity in which each company has an important interest.
The number of levels into which the organization's main mission is divided will depend on the size of the company and the complexity of the mission, as well as on the organizational structure and hierarchy in management.
Examples of specific company goals
Let's look at some examples of organizational goals in various fields her activities.
Marketing
Production
Staff
Thus, for the organization it has great importance competent goal setting. This is the starting point for planning all its activities; the tree of goals underlies the building of relationships within the company and the motivation system. Only by achieving the set goals can one monitor and evaluate the results of the work of personnel, individual divisions of the organization and its entire structure as a whole.
Do you have a dream? Everyone has it, even if they don't think so. A dream is something that is currently neither feasible nor achievable. For one it could be a trip to the sea, and for another it could be a flight into space. Small dreams turn into tasks, big ones into goals, but global ones remain a dream. How to get to this peak - a dream? Plan! One of the planning methods is building a goal tree, let's figure out what it is and how to build it?
Goal tree– a hierarchical principle of constructing a structure of goals and objectives; it has a top and subordinate levels. You could say that this is an inverted tree, but a better name for this structure is a pyramid. The pyramid of your success - the more energy you spend, the closer you get to the top. Therefore, by performing small operations, it is much easier to reach your dream.
So, the top of the pyramid is dream. A dream is difficult to achieve, and sometimes completely unattainable, but at the same time you really want it. To decide on your dream and main life goals, think about philosophical questions: “Why am I living? What do I want to achieve in this life? What will remain of me when I leave this world? It is very difficult to answer these questions, but it is important. Of course, you can live for today, but the older you get, the more you think about the meaning of life.
Main life goals (period of achievement of 10 years) must be realistic as opposed to a dream. They should relate to the main areas of life: family, financial and material situation, education, self-expression, etc.
Next we follow the principle of breaking it down into smaller ones. goals(5-10 years) and subgoals(1-3 years). Goals are the results that we want to achieve in a given area, and subgoals are the goals given in specific conditions. Questions to help you set your goals: “What is important to you in life? What would you like to have in order to feel happy? What do you like to do and what would you like to achieve in it? For what purposes do you earn money, besides satisfying physical needs? The sum of the subgoals leads to the goal, you must represent 80% of the subgoals to achieve it. .
Subgoals are formed from tasks that you do every month, week, day. To determine a subgoal, answer the question: “What do you want to get out of the task in the future?” That is, in in this case we go from bottom to top. Analyze what you do every day, where will it lead you in the end? Once you've decided on your subgoals, identify the tasks you're doing or what you're missing in order to achieve the subgoal. Tasks are divided into simple daily operations.
Let's sort it out by example. Let's say our goal is: holiday abroad in 2011. To go, we need money, so our subgoal will be: to earn 50 thousand rubles by May 2011 for a vacation in August 2011. Next, we need to decide where to go on vacation in 2011 - this will be the second subgoal. Now we break it down into tasks. For money: put aside 10 thousand every month (1st day) from January to May into a savings account in a bank. To decide where to go: choose a travel company; think about where you would like to go, what to see; analyze the cost of this pleasure. Next, we divide each task into operations (subtasks), this is not so difficult. Next, if we follow the plan, we will go on vacation in August 2011.
What happens if you don't plan? You will constantly think: “Oh, how I want to go, but there’s no money! And where to go, it seems like I want to visit both there and there...” So everything will remain in dreams! Therefore, they need to be translated into goals, and goals into tasks, and act! And the method of constructing a tree of goals - a pyramid of success - will help you in planning.
