Hormonal agent (glucocorticoid for systemic and local use). It is a dehydrogenated analogue of hydrocortisone.
In medical practice, prednisolone and prednisolone hemisuccinate are used (for intravenous or intramuscular administration).
Prednisolone is a white or white with a slight yellowish tint, odorless crystalline powder. Practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, chloroform, dioxane, methanol. Molecular weight 360.44.
Prednisolone hemisuccinate is a white or off-white, odorless, crystalline powder. Let's dissolve in water. Molecular weight 460.52.
Interacts with specific receptors in the cytoplasm of the cell and forms a complex that penetrates the cell nucleus, binds to DNA and causes expression or depression of mRNA, changing the formation of proteins on ribosomes that mediate cellular effects. Increases the synthesis of lipocortin, which inhibits phospholipase A 2, blocks liberation arachidonic acid and biosynthesis of endoperoxide, PG, leukotrienes (promoting the development of inflammation, allergies and other pathological processes). Stabilizes lysosome membranes, inhibits the synthesis of hyaluronidase, reduces the production of lymphokines. Affects the alternative and exudative phases of inflammation, prevents the spread of the inflammatory process. Limiting the migration of monocytes to the site of inflammation and inhibiting the proliferation of fibroblasts determine the antiproliferative effect. Suppresses the formation of mucopolysaccharides, thereby limiting the binding of water and plasma proteins in the focus of rheumatic inflammation. Inhibits the activity of collagenase, preventing the destruction of cartilage and bones in rheumatoid arthritis.
The antiallergic effect is due to a decrease in the number of basophils, direct inhibition of the secretion and synthesis of mediators of an immediate allergic reaction. Causes lymphopenia and involution of lymphoid tissue, which causes immunosuppression. Reduces the content of T-lymphocytes in the blood, their effect on B-lymphocytes and the production of immunoglobulins. Reduces the formation and increases the breakdown of components of the complement system, blocks Fc receptors of immunoglobulins, suppresses the functions of leukocytes and macrophages. Increases the number of receptors and restores/increases their sensitivity to physiologically active substances, incl. to catecholamines.
Reduces the amount of protein in plasma and the synthesis of calcium-binding protein, increases protein catabolism in muscle tissue. Promotes the formation of enzyme proteins in the liver, fibrinogen, erythropoietin, surfactant, lipomodulin. Promotes the formation of higher fatty acids and triglycerides, the redistribution of fat (increases lipolysis of fat on the extremities and its deposition on the face and in the upper half of the body). Increases the resorption of carbohydrates from the gastrointestinal tract, the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate kinase, which leads to the mobilization of glucose into the bloodstream and increased gluconeogenesis. Retains sodium and water and promotes the excretion of potassium due to mineralocorticoid action (less pronounced than that of natural glucocorticoids, the ratio of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity is 300:1). Reduces calcium absorption in the intestine, increases its leaching from bones and excretion by the kidneys.
It has an anti-shock effect, stimulates the formation of certain cells in the bone marrow, increases the content of erythrocytes and platelets in the blood, and reduces lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils.
After oral administration, it is quickly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In plasma, 70-90% is in bound form: with transcortin (corticosteroid-binding alpha 1-globulin) and albumin. Tmax when taken orally is 1-1.5 hours. Biotransformed by oxidation mainly in the liver, as well as in the kidneys, small intestine, bronchi. Oxidized forms are glucuronidated or sulfated. T1/2 from plasma - 2-4 hours, from tissues - 18-36 hours. Passes through the placental barrier, less than 1% of the dose penetrates into breast milk. Excreted by the kidneys, 20% unchanged.
Parenteral administration. Acute allergic reactions; bronchial asthma and status asthmaticus; prevention or treatment of thyrotoxic reaction and thyrotoxic crisis; shock, incl. resistant to other therapy; myocardial infarction; acute adrenal insufficiency; liver cirrhosis, acute hepatitis, acute hepatic-renal failure; poisoning with cauterizing liquids (in order to reduce inflammation and prevent cicatricial contractions).
Intra-articular injection: rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis (in the presence of pronounced signs of joint inflammation, synovitis).
Pills. Systemic diseases connective tissue(systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, periarteritis nodosa, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis); acute and chronic inflammatory diseases joints: gouty and psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis (including post-traumatic), polyarthritis, glenohumeral periarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (ankylosing spondylitis), juvenile arthritis, Still's syndrome in adults, bursitis, nonspecific tenosynovitis, synovitis and epicondylitis; rheumatic fever, acute rheumatic carditis; bronchial asthma; acute and chronic allergic diseases: allergic reactions to drugs and foods, serum sickness, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, angioedema, drug exanthema, hay fever; skin diseases: pemphigus, psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, diffuse neurodermatitis, contact dermatitis (affecting a large surface of the skin), toxicerma, seborrheic dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, malignant exudative erythema(Stevens-Johnson syndrome); cerebral edema (including due to a brain tumor or associated with surgery, radiation therapy or head injury) after prior parenteral use; congenital adrenal hyperplasia; primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency (including the condition after removal of the adrenal glands); kidney diseases of autoimmune origin (including acute glomerulonephritis), nephrotic syndrome; subacute thyroiditis; diseases of the hematopoietic organs: agranulocytosis, panmyelopathy, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, congenital (erythroid) hypoplastic anemia, acute lympho- and myeloid leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, multiple myeloma, thrombocytopenic purpura, secondary thrombocytopenia in adults, erythroblastopenia (erythrocyte anemia); lung diseases: acute alveolitis, pulmonary fibrosis, stage II-III sarcoidosis; tuberculous meningitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, aspiration pneumonia (in combination with specific chemotherapy); berylliosis, Loeffler's syndrome (not amenable to other therapy); lung cancer(in combination with cytostatics); multiple sclerosis; gastrointestinal diseases (to remove the patient from a critical condition): ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, local enteritis; hepatitis; prevention of transplant rejection; hypercalcemia due to cancer; nausea and vomiting during cytostatic therapy; allergic eye diseases: allergic corneal ulcers, allergic forms of conjunctivitis; inflammatory eye diseases: sympathetic ophthalmia, severe sluggish anterior and posterior uveitis, optic neuritis.
Ointment: urticaria, atopic dermatitis, diffuse neurodermatitis, lichen simplex chronica (limited neurodermatitis), eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, simple and allergic dermatitis, toxicerma, erythroderma, psoriasis, alopecia; epicondylitis, tenosynovitis, bursitis, glenohumeral periarthritis, keloid scars, sciatica.
Eye drops: non-infectious inflammatory diseases of the anterior segment of the eye - iritis, iridocyclitis, uveitis, episcleritis, scleritis, conjunctivitis, parenchymal and discoid keratitis without damage to the corneal epithelium, allergic conjunctivitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, blepharitis, inflammatory processes after eye injuries and surgical interventions, sympathetic ophthalmia.
Hypersensitivity (for short-term systemic use for health reasons is the only contraindication).
For intra-articular administration: previous arthroplasty, pathological bleeding (endogenous or caused by the use of anticoagulants), transarticular bone fracture, infectious (septic) inflammatory process in the joint and periarticular infections (including a history), general infectious disease, severe periarticular osteoporosis, absence of signs of inflammation in the joint (the so-called “dry” joint, for example, with osteoarthritis without signs of synovitis), severe bone destruction and joint deformation (sharp narrowing of the joint space, ankylosis), joint instability as an outcome of arthritis, aseptic necrosis of the epiphyses of the bones that form the joint, pregnancy.
When applied to skin: bacterial, viral, fungal skin diseases, skin manifestations syphilis, skin tuberculosis, skin tumors, acne vulgaris, rosacea (possible exacerbation of the disease), pregnancy.
Eye drops: viral and fungal diseases eye, sharp purulent conjunctivitis, purulent infection of the mucous membrane of the eye and eyelids, purulent ulcer corneas, viral conjunctivitis, trachoma, glaucoma, violation of the integrity of the corneal epithelium; eye tuberculosis; state after removal foreign body cornea.
The use of corticosteroids during pregnancy is possible if the expected effect of therapy outweighs the potential risk to the fetus (adequate and strictly controlled safety studies have not been conducted). Women of childbearing age should be warned of the potential risk to the fetus (corticosteroids cross the placenta). It is necessary to carefully monitor newborns whose mothers received corticosteroids during pregnancy (adrenal insufficiency may develop in the fetus and newborn).
Should not be used frequently, in large doses, for a long period of time long period time. Breastfeeding women are advised to stop either breastfeeding or the use of drugs, especially in high doses (corticosteroids pass into breast milk and can suppress growth, the production of endogenous corticosteroids and cause unwanted effects in a newborn).
Prednisolone has been shown to be teratogenic in many animal species treated in doses equivalent to human doses. Studies in pregnant mice, rats and rabbits have shown an increased incidence of cleft palates in their offspring.
Frequency of development and severity side effects depend on the method, duration of use, dose used and the ability to comply with the circadian rhythm of drug administration.
Systemic effects
From the side of metabolism: retention of Na + and fluid in the body, hypokalemia, hypokalemic alkalosis, negative nitrogen balance as a result of protein catabolism, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, weight gain.
From the outside endocrine system: secondary adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency (especially during stressful situations such as illness, injury, surgery); Cushing's syndrome; growth suppression in children; menstrual irregularities; decreased tolerance to carbohydrates; manifestation of latent diabetes mellitus, increased need for insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs in patients with diabetes mellitus.
From the cardiovascular system and blood (hematopoiesis, hemostasis): increased blood pressure, development (in predisposed patients) or increased severity of chronic heart failure, hypercoagulation, thrombosis, ECG changes characteristic of hypokalemia; in patients with acute and subacute myocardial infarction - the spread of necrosis, slowing down the formation of scar tissue with possible rupture of the heart muscle, obliterating endarteritis.
From the musculoskeletal system: muscle weakness, steroid myopathy, loss muscle mass, osteoporosis, compression fracture spine, aseptic necrosis of the head of the femur and humerus, pathological fractures of long tubular bones.
From the gastrointestinal tract: steroid ulcer with possible perforation and bleeding, pancreatitis, flatulence, ulcerative esophagitis, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, increased appetite.
From the skin: hyper- or hypopigmentation, subcutaneous and cutaneous atrophy, abscess, atrophic streaks, acne, delayed wound healing, skin thinning, petechiae and ecchymosis, erythema, increased sweating.
From the nervous system and sensory organs: mental disorders such as delirium, disorientation, euphoria, hallucinations, depression; increased intracranial pressure with optic nerve congestion syndrome (pseudotumor cerebri - more often in children, usually after too rapid dose reduction, symptoms - headache, deterioration of visual acuity or double vision); sleep disturbance, dizziness, vertigo, headache; sudden loss of vision (with parenteral administration in the head, neck, turbinates, scalp), formation of posterior subcapsular cataracts, increased intraocular pressure with possible damage to the optic nerve, glaucoma; steroid exophthalmos.
Allergic reactions: generalized ( allergic dermatitis, urticaria, anaphylactic shock) and locals.
Others: general weakness, masking of symptoms of infectious diseases, fainting, withdrawal syndrome.
When applied to skin: steroid acne, purpura, telangiectasia, burning and itching of the skin, irritation and dry skin; at long-term use and/or when applied to large surfaces, systemic side effects may occur, the development of hypercortisolism (in these cases, the ointment is canceled); with prolonged use of the ointment, the development of secondary infectious skin lesions is also possible, atrophic changes, hypertrichosis.
Eye drops: with long-term use - increased intraocular pressure, damage to the optic nerve, formation of posterior subcapsular cataracts, impaired visual acuity and narrowing of the field of view (blurred or loss of vision, eye pain, nausea, dizziness), with thinning of the cornea - danger of perforation; rarely - the spread of viral or fungal eye diseases.
With the simultaneous use of prednisolone and cardiac glycosides due to the resulting hypokalemia, the risk of disorders increases heart rate. Barbiturates, antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin, carbamazepine), rifampicin accelerate the metabolism of glucocorticoids (by inducing microsomal enzymes) and weaken their effect. Antihistamines weaken the effect of prednisolone. Thiazide diuretics, amphotericin B, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increase the risk of severe hypokalemia, Na + -containing drugs - edema and increased blood pressure. When using prednisolone and paracetamol, the risk of hepatotoxicity increases. Oral contraceptives containing estrogens can alter protein binding and metabolism of prednisolone, reducing clearance and increasing T1/2, thus increasing the therapeutic and toxic effects of prednisolone. With the simultaneous administration of prednisolone and anticoagulants (coumarin derivatives, indanedione, heparin), the anticoagulant effect of the latter may be weakened; the dose should be adjusted based on the determination of the PT. Tricyclic antidepressants may increase mental disorders associated with taking prednisolone, incl. severity of depression (they should not be prescribed for the treatment of these disorders). Prednisolone weakens the hypoglycemic effect of oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin. Immunosuppressants increase the risk of developing infection, lymphoma, and other lymphoproliferative diseases. NSAIDs, acetylsalicylic acid, alcohol increases the risk of developing peptic ulcer and bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. During the period of use of immunosuppressive doses of glucocorticoids and vaccines containing live viruses, replication of viruses and the development of viral diseases, decreased antibody production are possible (simultaneous use is not recommended). When used with other vaccines, there may be an increased risk neurological complications and decreased antibody production. Increases (with long-term use) the content of folic acid. Increases the likelihood of disturbances in electrolyte metabolism due to diuretics.
The risk of overdose increases with long-term use of prednisolone, especially in large doses.
Symptoms: increased blood pressure, peripheral edema, increased side effects of the drug.
Treatment of acute overdose: immediate gastric lavage or induction of vomiting; no specific antidote has been found.
Treatment of chronic overdose: the dose of the drug should be reduced.
Inside, parenterally (i.v., i.m.), intra-articularly, externally.
Glucocorticoids should be prescribed in the smallest dosages and for the minimum duration necessary to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. When prescribing, the daily circadian rhythm of endogenous secretion of glucocorticoids should be taken into account: at 6-8 a.m., most (or all) of the dose is prescribed.
In the event of stressful situations, patients on corticosteroid therapy are advised to administer parenteral corticosteroids before, during and after the stressful situation.
If there is a history of psychosis, high doses are prescribed under the strict supervision of a physician.
During treatment, especially with long-term use, the dynamics of growth and development in children should be carefully monitored; observation by an ophthalmologist, monitoring of blood pressure, water and electrolyte balance, blood glucose levels, and regular analyzes of the cellular composition of peripheral blood are necessary.
Sudden cessation of treatment may cause the development of acute adrenal insufficiency; with long-term use, the drug should not be suddenly discontinued; the dose should be reduced gradually. With sudden withdrawal after long-term use, withdrawal syndrome may develop, manifested by increased body temperature, myalgia and arthralgia, and malaise. These symptoms can appear even in cases where there is no adrenal insufficiency.
Prednisolone can mask the symptoms of infection and reduce resistance to infection.
During treatment eye drops needs to be controlled intraocular pressure and the condition of the cornea.
When using the ointment in children aged 1 year and older, it is necessary to limit the total duration of treatment and exclude measures that lead to increased resorption and absorption (warming, fixing and occlusive dressings). To prevent infectious skin lesions, prednisolone ointment is recommended to be prescribed in combination with antibacterial and antifungal agents.
| Name | 0.0009 |
| 0.0007 | |
| 0.0007 | |
| 0.0005 | |
| 0.0003 | |
| 0.0003 | |
| 0 |
The drug is hormonal drug, which is usually used for acute life-threatening diseases. When is Prednisolone prescribed to children for allergies and in what form is it used?
The drug is produced by several companies, and next to the name of the drug there is sometimes a word that indicates the manufacturer. "Prednisolone" is available in the following dosage forms:
The drug is not produced in suppositories, drops, capsules, suspensions or other forms.
All dosage forms contain one active ingredient - prednisolone. It is presented in following dosages:
The drug is considered a chemical hormone from the group of glucocorticosteroids and acts similarly to hormonal compounds that are produced in the adrenal glands.
In addition, the drug suppresses the active secretion of fluid from inflamed tissues, and also prevents the occurrence of an allergic reaction and eliminates rash, swelling, and itching. Prednisolone stops the active proliferation of cells at the site of injury, which prevents the appearance of scars.
All these effects medicine occur very quickly, and the effect of the drug itself is considered very strong, so it is used in life-threatening situations or in situations where other medications have not had the desired effect. If there is a possibility of replacing Prednisolone with other medications, it should be used.
The drug also has the following properties:
Such effects of the drug are not considered therapeutic, but must be taken into account, since they are the ones that form adverse reactions. Children can take Prednisolone only under the supervision of a doctor.
According to the instructions for use, "Prednisolone" in tablets and injections is prescribed in following situations:
According to the instructions, Prednisolone is prescribed to children as an ointment for the following conditions:
There are no age restrictions on the use of Prednisolone for children, but due to the fact that such a drug can adversely affect the growth of the body in childhood, this hormonal drug is usually prescribed only if serious illnesses and only under the supervision of a doctor.
In addition, it must be remembered that such a remedy is used only for acute diseases and they always try to prescribe it in the minimum dosage and for the shortest possible period.
If a medicine is prescribed to a child for health reasons, then there is only one contraindication for its use - intolerance to the components of the medicine.
However, most diseases require increased attention from a medical specialist when prescribing Prednisolone. According to the instructions, ampoules for children are contraindicated when various pathologies, For example:
If a child has a serious illness, the question of using the drug is decided individually.
During therapy with Prednisolone in injections or tablets, various negative phenomena may be observed, for example:
If injections into a vein are not possible, the drug is used intramuscularly, and if it improves, it is replaced with tablets. If the medication is prescribed for a long period, you should stop taking it gradually, reducing the daily dosage. The longer the therapy was carried out, the slower the drug was discontinued.
Prednisolone tablets are usually given once every six to eight hours in the morning, since it is at this time that glucocorticoids are formed in the human body. If the concentration of the active substance is very high, it can be divided into several uses.
At the same time, in the morning, children are usually prescribed the maximum possible dosage of Prednisolone, and the remainder is used at twelve o’clock. The use of tablets is recommended during meals or immediately after them. The drug is washed down with water.
The dosage form, dosage and duration of use of the drug are determined by the doctor, taking into account many factors, including diagnosis, age of the child, weight.
According to the instructions for use, "Prednisolone" in ampoules can be administered intravenously to children either by stream or through a dropper. Exactly intravenous injections carried out in acute diseases when it is necessary to provide emergency assistance.
Prednisolone ointment is applied to damaged areas of the skin one to three times a day. It is not recommended to cover the medication with a bandage and use it for more than two weeks.
According to the instructions for use, Prednisolone can be prescribed to small patients in the form of inhalations. Such measures eliminate swelling, eliminate spasms and cough syndrome, therefore they are used for the following diseases:
For manipulation, the drug is used in ampoules and an inhaler. A medical specialist should calculate the dose of Prednisolone for children, determine the frequency of inhalations and the duration of therapy.
When taking too large a dosage of medication, blood pressure increases, swelling occurs, and other adverse reactions intensify. In this case, you should immediately seek medical help.
According to reviews, "Prednisolone" for children must be used with caution; it is also worth considering the use of any other drugs, since such a hormone is not recommended to be combined with many other medications, so as not to cause side effects or not to strengthen them.
In addition, Prednisolone cannot be combined with antiviral vaccines, so a certain time must pass between vaccination and the use of glucocorticoid.
Prednisolone is dispensed from pharmacies strictly according to prescription. The cost of the drug varies from 100 to 130 rubles. The tablets must be kept at a temperature of twenty-five degrees, and the ampoules and ointment should be kept in a cool place.
Prednisolone (in Latin - Prednisolon) is an anti-inflammatory drug that is used to treat children and adults. It is often a first-line drug of therapy.
Prednisolone is an anti-inflammatory drug that is used to treat children and adults.
The dosage of the active substance depends on the form of release:
The product has several forms of release:
Pharmacodynamics: the product has:
A complex of a steroid hormone with a receptor is delivered to the cell nucleus, where it begins to interact with effector elements concentrated in areas of chromatin, resulting in a change in messenger RNA and proteins.
Artificial suppression of immunity leads to a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes and their influence on B-lymphocytes, and accelerates the production of immunoglobulins.
The antiallergic effect is explained by inhibition of the production of allergy provocateurs and a decrease in the development of lymphoid tissue. The product is effective for rapid allergic reactions.
Accelerates the breakdown of proteins and reduces their amount in plasma, accelerates gluconeogenesis in the liver and ensures the formation of enzyme proteins, accelerates the synthesis of albumin in the liver and kidneys. Promotes the redistribution of fat, increases the formation of higher fatty acids.
The antishock effect is associated with a slowdown in the synthesis of platelet activation.
Pharmacokinetics:
According to the anatomical-therapeutic-chemical classification, it has the code H02AB06.
The drug is used to relieve inflammation of varying severity, lowering body temperature. It is also used as a means to suppress allergic reactions that can threaten human life (Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock), allergic rhinitis, dermatitis.
The medicine is administered for swelling of the brain that develops as a result of injury, for inflammation and progression of infection, after neurosurgery. Has a beneficial effect on severe burns of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract, severe injuries, and is used in severe cases bronchial asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis.
Prescribed for adrenal hyperplasia, berylliosis, multiple sclerosis, acute hepatitis, hepatic coma and other pathologies. Used for inhalation for problems with the respiratory system, ophthalmology, and oncology.
The choice of drug form and treatment regimen depend on the pathology and general condition sick. The instructions for use must be strictly followed.
Treatment with tablets is long-term, used when severe conditions.
During replacement therapy 20-30 mg per day is prescribed for oral administration.
For nephrotic syndrome and rheumatic pathologies, the number of tablets increases. For mental disorders, high doses are prescribed in exceptional cases, treatment is carried out under constant medical supervision.
For children, the dose for treatment is 1-2 mg per 1 kg of weight, divided 4-6 times a day; to maintain the condition, 0.3-0.6 mg per 1 kg of weight is prescribed, with most or the entire dose taken in the morning.
Injections are given intramuscularly, through a vein or into a joint. The use of ampoules does not involve mixing the product with other medications in a syringe or dropper.
Drug dose:
The product is applied thin layer on the skin up to 3 times a day, lightly rubbed. The course is chosen individually, depends on the disease and the effectiveness of treatment, lasts from 6 to 14 days, no more.
For children over one year of age, treatment lasts 3-7 days, and warming and fixing bandages should not be applied to the site where the ointment is applied, so as not to increase the absorption of corticosteroids.
The drug in the form of a 0.5% solution is injected into the eye 3 times a day, 1-2 drops. At acute conditions the procedure is carried out every 2-4 hours. After surgical intervention on the eyes, the product is applied 3 or 5 days after surgery.
The product is used during meals or after meals.
Prescribed with caution when diabetes mellitus. For tuberculosis and other infections, it is prescribed with antibiotics or tuberculostatic agents.
During treatment, it is necessary to monitor blood pressure and vision, monitor glucose levels in the blood and urine, and donate stool for occult blood. With sudden withdrawal, nausea, lethargy, and anorexia may develop.
During pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, the drug is prescribed for health reasons, when the benefits of treatment outweigh the harm from using the drug.
It is best to start feeding 4 hours after taking the drug.
There are no age restrictions for use, but the drug can negatively affect some processes occurring in the child’s body, therefore it is prescribed strictly according to indications and under the constant supervision of a doctor.
In old age, glucocorticosteroids can have a negative effect on the body, so you need to take the drug with caution and strictly according to the recommendations of doctors.
Not used to treat patients with severe renal failure.
Prohibited in case of severe liver failure.
For one-time use alcoholic drinks During treatment there will be no negative effect on the body, but the systematic combination of alcohol and glucocorticoid treatment can lead to serious consequences.
The drug sometimes causes dizziness and other side effects, so it should be taken with caution when driving or driving complex mechanisms where quick reactions and concentration are required.
The dosage of the drug is reduced slowly, according to the scheme chosen by the doctor. If you abruptly stop using the drug, the disease may recur.
The drug in tablets begins to act 90 minutes after administration for 18-36 hours. When administered intramuscularly, the medicine acts after 15 minutes, and when administered intravenously, after 3 minutes.
The product in the form of ointment and drops has an effect immediately after use.
The product is a systemic drug, therefore it affects the entire body and, along with the benefits, can have negative impact on organs and systems. When taken continuously, the hormonal drug reduces immunity, so it is prescribed in short courses.
When reducing the dose, it is necessary to take into account the results of blood tests. The withdrawal of the drug occurs gradually. After reducing the daily dose to 10 mg per day, the reduction should be made by less than 1 mg per month. This could be 1 mg every 2 months.
The initial dose is reduced by 2.5 mg every month or to 10 mg per day every 2 weeks, then by 1 mg every 6-8 weeks until complete cessation of treatment.
Does not apply in the following cases:
The occurrence of side effects depends on the duration of the course of treatment, the dose and regimen of the drug.
Negative consequences can occur from all organs and systems. A person’s blood pressure may increase; due to the drug’s effect on glucose production, obese patients have problems losing weight and diabetes mellitus progresses.
Numerous digestive problems, pancreatitis, and internal bleeding may occur. Arrhythmia and bradycardia develop, after a heart attack the area of necrosis increases, the growth of scar tissue slows down, which can lead to heart rupture. Nervous system disorders, euphoria, hallucinations, psychoses occur, increased intracranial pressure, insomnia, convulsions, severe headaches, and problems with the cerebellum appear.
Problems with the organs of vision arise: intraocular pressure increases, which may cause damage to the optic nerve; cataracts and secondary infections may develop. In children, the formation of the musculoskeletal system is disrupted; in adults, osteoporosis and other problems with bones and cartilage develop.
Numerous rashes may appear on the skin, healing of damage slows down, and candidiasis develops. Night urination becomes more frequent and urolithiasis appears.
Full list adverse reactions you need to ask your doctor.
In case of overdose, the manifestation of side effects increases.
Combining medications can have a negative effect on the body.
When treating, the following conditions must be taken into account:
When treating, the doctor takes into account all possible risks from combining drugs.
The following analogues have a general structure:
Sold in pharmacies upon presentation of a prescription.
Tablets and solution in ampoules are stored for 5 years, the product in the form of an ointment is allowed to be used for 2 years.
The price of the drug depends on the manufacturer and the quantity in 1 package. Tablets cost from 50 to 700 rubles. The ointment can be purchased at prices ranging from 14 to 450 rubles. Injection solution costs from 20 to 200 rubles, drops - from 50 to 200 rubles.
Prednisolone is a drug that is used in any medical field. Sometimes this particular medicine can save the life of a child or adult. However, its uncontrolled and independent use can lead to serious consequences.
This medicine is a synthetic hormone, a glucocorticoid. It is widely prescribed by rheumatologists, allergists, dermatologists and immunologists. Hormonal drugs are also used in therapy and pediatrics, surgery and traumatology.
However, the most important practical significance is the use of this drug in emergency therapy and resuscitation. This is due to the peculiarity of its action and the effects it produces.
The drug is available in the form of tablets and solution for injection. Tablet forms are usually used in the treatment chronic diseases, while injections are necessary for life-threatening conditions.
Any medical institution must have this hormone in the form of a solution in ampoules to provide emergency care for anaphylaxis and shock. And any healthcare worker must be able to use it correctly - know how much medicine can be administered and in what situations it can be used.
Mechanism of operation of this medicine quite complex, since it affects various processes occurring in the body. So, this hormone produces the following actions:
Participation in various metabolic processes provides those medicinal effects, which are successfully used in pediatric, therapeutic and intensive care practice.
So, the most significant are:
However, the negative effects of this drug are also significant. Sometimes because of them it is necessary to change the treatment regimen or replace prednisolone with another medicine.
During treatment, the hormone can produce the following negative effects:
This medicine is widely used in rheumatology for therapy autoimmune diseases. It suppresses the inflammatory process and has an anti-edematous effect. With this disease, patients can take prednisolone tablets for life.
The use of the drug in treatment is very important emergency conditions. These may be the following pathologies:
Prednisolone is also actively used in pediatrics, but its use in children requires caution due to high risk development of side effects of the hormone.
In childhood, there are a number of diseases and conditions in which prednisolone injections cannot be avoided. For example, an insect bite - a wasp or a bee - can cause a severe allergic reaction in a baby, including anaphylactic shock. In such a situation, only rapid administration of prednisolone along with epinephrine can help.
If a child suffers from bronchial asthma, a prolonged attack seriously threatens his health and even life. And although stabbing a baby in most cases is not recommended, inhaled corticosteroids In such a situation, they most often do not help. If you give the right injection in time, prednisolone will quickly stop the attack.
As a rule, the parents of such patients know what to expect from bronchial asthma and know how to alleviate the condition of their sick child. In acute stenosing laryngotracheitis, a completely different clinical picture is observed.
The attack usually develops suddenly, against the background of a banal viral infection. The baby develops a barking cough and his voice becomes hoarse. If help is not provided in time, an attack of suffocation develops.
In such a situation, the called ambulance team injects the child with prednisolone, after which his condition quickly improves. It is not uncommon for parents to ask their doctor if they can use prednisolone on their own if the attack suddenly recurs.
Few doctors are able to suggest to parents: “Inject prednisolone during an attack yourself!” After all, the risk of complications when using hormonal drugs is quite high, especially if the injection is performed by a non-professional.
And yet, sometimes parents have to learn the role of a health worker. This happens when a baby has a tendency to develop acute stenosing laryngotracheitis against the background of any ARVI. Unfortunately, in city traffic jams, an ambulance does not always have time to arrive within 10–15 minutes.
Also, skills in providing emergency medical care can be useful to those parents who live far from the city and medical institution.
However, you should know that it is strictly forbidden to administer prednisolone or another hormonal drug to a child using dosages obtained on the Internet. Even instructions in such a situation cannot be a guide to action.
If indeed medical help is sometimes unavailable, and the child is prone to asthma attacks, parents should discuss with the doctor the possibility of self-administration of prednisolone in an acute situation. And only if the specialist gives the go-ahead and explains the tactics of action, you can purchase the drug for home first aid kit. It is also necessary to remember that such medicine should be stored out of the reach of children.
Self-administration of prednisolone is fraught with various complications. The most common among them are:
However, even with a correctly performed injection and calculated dose, in a medical facility, treatment with prednisolone can lead to the following consequences:
Introduction hormonal medication against the background of a viral or bacterial infection may worsen the course of the disease due to immunosuppression. This is true for long-term treatment glucocorticoids.
Hormone therapy is characterized by withdrawal syndrome. If treatment is abruptly stopped, the patient may experience the following symptoms:
This is a serious violation that should be stopped immediately. This is why glucocorticosteroid therapy should not be stopped suddenly. Such complications are especially dangerous in childhood.
Since the likelihood of complications during treatment with glucocorticoids is quite high, the doctor must prevent them.
When using prednisolone as a remedy emergency assistance, this is not necessary. In such a situation, the medicine is administered once, less often twice, in medium doses. Dire consequences(in the absence of an overdose) do not have time to develop, as does addiction - and therefore there is no withdrawal syndrome.
However, with long-term hormonal treatment prevention is very important. First of all, a thorough examination of the patient is necessary - especially if it is a child.
For diseases gastrointestinal tract, endocrine pathology must undergo medicinal correction. If the disease cannot be put into remission, the glucocorticoid therapy regimen is changed. Doses should be selected in such a way as to ensure the effectiveness of treatment and prevent characteristic complications.
It is also necessary to regularly monitor blood counts, blood glucose and calcium levels, and periodically conduct x-rays of the musculoskeletal system.
Why can complications occur during treatment with prednisolone? In most cases, this happens due to insufficient examination of the patient or incorrect treatment regimen.
Prednisolone is a medicine that is indispensable in many situations. However, self-medication is unacceptable for them.
Average price online* 37 rub. (pack of 3 ampoules)
Antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive agent, superior in activity to cortisone and hydrocortisone by 3-4 times. Analogues are: decortin, medopred, inflanefran, prednisol, prelnihexal.
Prednisolone for injection is a colorless (or yellowish) water-soluble substance.
Available in ampoules sealed in cardboard packages of 3,5,6,10 and 20 pieces (30 mg prednisolone sodium phosphate/1 ml injection solution).
Application
Drug for intravenous or intramuscular injection, refers primarily to emergency aid used in the following cases:
In addition to emergency care, the medicine is used in complex therapy in the treatment of malignant tumor processes, autoimmune, chronic pulmonary and dermatological diseases.
Indications for the use of prednisolone are also some cardiac pathologies, in particular, exudative pericarditis and rheumatoid myocarditis, as well as a decrease in threshold excitation in patients with an implanted cardiac stimulator.
The drug is used in hematology - in the treatment of leukemia, anemia, MDS, pathologies associated with bone marrow dysfunction.
Important! You should not refuse to take prednisolone when prescribed by a specialist. This is a very effective and time-tested drug.
Many patients who are far from medicine believe that “hormonal” drugs cause irreparable harm to the body, and therefore either stop taking the medicine prematurely or do not take the medicine at all.
This approach can, in some cases, lead to dire consequences, many of which are irreversible.
With a correctly calculated dosage prescribed by a specialist, taking into account the indications and health status, the drug will not cause serious complications. Remember that absolutely all medications (including those of natural origin) have side effects that are much more serious than those caused by corticosteroids. Therefore, you should take prednisolone (medopred) exactly according to the regimen drawn up by your attending physician.
Dosage
The dosage and duration of the treatment course are prescribed individually.
In most cases, the dosage is indicated for intramuscular administration. Only “jet” means from a syringe directly into a vein. The drug must be administered intravenously slowly.
Standard dosage for adults:
at the beginning of treatment, depending on the severity of the disease 25–100 mg/day,
subsequently 25-50 mg/day.
In severe cases, the dose may be increased.
Children 6-12 years old IV or IM 25 mg/day,
from 12 years old– 25-50 mg/day.
The treatment regimen indicated below is generalized, since it does not take into account the patient’s health status and the presence of relative contraindications:
for acute adrenal insufficiency– from 100 mg to 200 mg once, for 3-14 days;
in the treatment of bronchial asthma– from 75 mg to 675 mg per course of treatment (from 3 to 16 days);
at states of shock accompanied by a drop in blood pressure, 50-150 mg is injected in a stream, in severe cases, the dose is increased to 400 mg (maximum daily dose is 1000 mg);
Treatment should be carried out by a medical professional; self-medication is dangerous. Do not exceed the indicated dosages!
for complications after surgery And acute poisoning
, the medicine is administered at 25-75 mg per day (in severe cases, increase to 300-1500 mg per day).
for rheumatoid arthritis indicated from 75 -125 mg per day with a course of treatment designed for 10 days;
for severe hepatitis Prescribe 75-100 mg per day for a course of treatment designed for 7-10 days;
for internal burns respiratory and digestive organs from 75 to 400 mg per day for 5-18 days.
If the medicine cannot be administered intravenously, intramuscular injections are prescribed. After stabilization of the condition, prednisolone is prescribed in capsules (tablets) with a gradual reduction in dose.
There is also intra-articular injection, but it is carried out only by a doctor, dosages are selected individually for each patient.
Contraindications
In emergency (shock) conditions, prednisolone is administered without taking into account contraindications, as an emergency treatment.
The drug is not used in therapeutic courses for severe arterial hypertension, stomach ulcers and duodenum, reflux disease, osteoporosis, Cushing's disease.
Contraindications include infections such as chicken pox, herpes, herpes zoster, as well as active form of tuberculosis, pregnancy (first trimester, especially), lactation period.
Like all corticosteroids, prednisolone is classified as Category C by the FDA.
This means that adequate and strictly controlled safety studies have not been conducted in pregnant women. The drug penetrates the placenta. There are proven teratogenic effects, and the development of adrenal insufficiency in the fetus and newborn is possible.
Unfortunately, in some situations, corticosteroids must be used to save the expectant mother. The decision to prescribe them should be made by the doctor, informing the patient.
Corticosteroids pass into breast milk and can inhibit growth, inhibit the body's own hormones, and cause unwanted effects in the newborn.
Alcohol in combination with prednisolone increases the risk of developing peptic ulcers and bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract.
Side effects
Weight gain, potassium deficiency (hypokalemia), growth retardation in children, Cushing's syndrome (moon face), increased blood pressure, thrombosis, muscle atrophy, thinning of the skin, digestive disorders, nausea.
From the nervous system, manifestations such as depression, hallucinations, decreased visual acuity, general weakness, and headache are possible.
The above symptoms are possible, but they do not appear in every case. In general, the drug is well tolerated by patients, even with long-term use.
The drug is not recommended to be taken simultaneously with salicylates, barbiturates, diuretics, cardiac glycosides. When taking the medicine, it is necessary to monitor blood pressure, donate blood for sugar levels, examine stool for occult blood, and take an x-ray (for arthritis and bursitis).
Pharmakinetics
With intravenous administration of prednisolone, the effect occurs instantly, a little slower - with intramuscular injections. The drug binds to plasma proteins (globulins and albumins), is metabolized in the liver (mainly) and in the kidneys. Duration of exposure is 24-36 hours.
Terms of sale
The drug is available with a prescription.
