On May 16, 1924, the first issue of the Murzilka magazine was published in the Soviet Union, intended for younger children. school age- from 6 to 12 years old, which very quickly became a popular children's literary and artistic publication...
The history of Murzilka began in 1879, when the Canadian artist Palmer Cox created a series of drawings about Brownies - these are the closest relatives of brownies, small people, about 90 centimeters tall, similar to little elves with brown unkempt hair and bright blue eyes(because of brown their hair is called “brownie”).
Their skin is predominantly light, although the color of a brownie's skin depends on where they live and what they eat. These creatures come at night and finish what the servants did not finish. But this was just a test before the real creation of those images that would later win over the public. So in 1881, exactly those same brownies appeared in the magazine “Wide Awake”, which began a triumphant march, first across America, and then throughout the world.
In February 1883, Cox began publishing in the New York children's publication St. Nicholas" pictures with brownies, accompanied by poems about the adventures of the heroes. And four years later, the first book “The Brownies, Their Book” was published, which contained a collection of stories about brownies and which sold a million copies. In total, Palmer Cox created 15 original brownie books before his death in 1924.
By the way, Cox's brownies did not have names as such - they were called by characteristic nicknames, such as Chinese, Sailor, Dandy, Jockey, Russian, Hindu, King, Student, Policeman, Canadian, etc.
Murzilka and his friends first appeared on the pages of the magazine “Sincere Word” in 1887 in the fairy tale “A boy as big as a finger, a girl as big as a nail.” The author of this tale was the famous writer Anna Borisovna Khvolson, and the illustrations were drawings by the artist Palmer Cox. The first edition of the book “The Kingdom of Little Ones,” including 27 stories and 182 drawings, was published in 1889, followed by reprints in 1898, 1902 and 1915.
In 1913, a book with drawings by Palmer Cox and Russian text from Anna Khvolson “New Murzilka. Amazing adventures and wanderings of little forest people." Anna Khvolson made a free translation of Cox's texts, giving the characters other names: Maz-Permaz, Dedko-Borodach, Znayka, Dunno, clever Skok, hunter Mick, Vertushka, Chinese Chi-ka-chi, Indian Ski, Mikrobka, American John, etc. p. Well, actually Murzilka, on whose behalf the story was told.
And it turned out that Murzilka is incredibly similar to the well-known Nosovsky Dunno. He is the same braggart, lazy and troublemaker, who, because of his character, constantly gets into various troubles. However, these two heroes also have differences. Murzilka, for example, is a real dandy. A tailcoat or long coat, top hat, boots with narrow toes, a cane and a monocle are indispensable components of his everyday costume. So Dunno’s predilection for defiantly bright colors in clothes would have unpleasantly struck Murzilka’s refined taste.
But this difference is purely external. Although the character of Murzilka or, as his friends call him, “The Empty Head” is quite similar to the character of his literary descendant, Dunno is written out in much more detail and volume. And if Khvolson’s hero is deliberately caricatured and conventional, then Nosov’s is a lively, charming and recognizable boy. Therefore, probably, readers only laugh at the careless and boastful Murzilka, but they often sympathize with Dunno, sincerely pity and love him.
So, the name Murzilka was born in 1913. Two years later, Anna Khvelson released an independent work called “The Kingdom of Little Ones. The Adventures of Murzilka and the Forest Men,” which was illustrated by the works of the same Palmer Cox, but since it was not included in the official Brownie bibliography, it can be considered a remake.
It was a boy in a black tailcoat, with a huge white flower in his buttonhole, wearing a silk top hat and boots that were fashionable at that time. long noses.. And he always had an elegant cane and monocle in his hands. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, these tales were very popular. Murzilka himself, according to the plot of the fairy tale, constantly found himself in some kind of funny stories. But after the revolution of 1917, the book was no longer published, and everyone forgot about this hero...
The next time Murzilka was remembered was in 1924, when a new children's magazine was created under the Rabochaya Gazeta. One of the founders remembered this name and it was accepted almost unanimously. But don’t put a brownie on the cover! Therefore, Murzilka became a red mongrel puppy who accompanied his owner, the boy Petka, everywhere.
His friends also changed - now they were pioneers, Octobrists, as well as their parents. However, the puppy did not exist for long - he soon disappeared, and Petka subsequently disappeared from the pages of the magazine.
Traditionally it is believed that some furry creature yellow was born by the artist Aminadav Kanevsky at the request of the editors in 1937. However, back in the 50s, Murzilka was a small man wearing an acorn hat on his head instead of a beret. He appeared like this in several cartoons, the last of which, “Murzilka on Sputnik,” was created in 1960. It was this beret that later became an indispensable attribute of Murzilka, when it turned yellow and overgrown.
Soon other heroes began to appear in this magazine - the evil sorceress Yabeda-Koryabeda, the talking cat Shunka, Magpie-Balabolka, Sportlendik and Ladybug. All these characters became the hosts of the main sections of the magazine - funny and entertaining stories, curiosity questions, a sports page, stories about nature.
The best children's writers were published on the pages of Murzilka: Samuil Marshak, Korney Chukovsky, Sergei Mikhalkov, Boris Zakhoder, Agnia Barto. “Murzilka” instilled in the little ones a love of learning with the help of bright pictures, interesting plots and playful rhymes.
In 1977 - 1983. The magazine published “A detective-mysterious story about Yabeda-Koryabeda and her 12 agents” (author and artist A. Semenov) and its continuations. Often the magazine took on topics that were far from children's. For kids who had only recently learned to read, “Murzilka” told about the conquest of space, the construction of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Station, the 1980 Olympics, and even explained the ideology of the party - “To the Octobrists about Communists.”
The magazine "Murzilka" is still published. In 2011, it was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the "longest-running children's magazine." Over the many years of existence of the beloved children's magazine, its publication has never been interrupted.
The modern “Murzilka” is a full-color glossy publication, as before, full of interesting, educational materials on topics that attract not only young readers, but also their parents. With a variety of topics and interesting presentation, the magazine strives to satisfy the ever-growing demands of its readers. Many materials are not only informational in nature, encourage creativity, but also develop useful skills. Materials are also printed here to supplement the primary school curriculum.
“Murzilka” is a mirror of our children's literature. After all, he still preserves traditions, collecting on his pages only best samples modern Russian literature for children. The magazine is published once a month, with a circulation of 60,000 copies
"Murzilka"- a popular monthly children's literary and art magazine. Published since May 16, 1924. Over the 90 years of its existence, its production has never been interrupted. Addressed to children from 6 to 12 years old.
The magazine is named after the fairy-tale creature, the yellow and fluffy Murzilka. Murzilka got its name thanks to the mischievous and prankster - a little forest man who existed in popular books for children of the late 19th century. It was a little man in a tailcoat, with a cane and a monocle. Then the image of the forest Murzilka changed to the image of an ordinary small dog, helping everyone who is in trouble. In 1937, the famous artist Aminadav Kanevsky created a new image of Murzilka. Since then, the children’s publication “Murzilka” has featured a yellow hero, wearing a red beret and scarf, with a camera slung over his shoulder, which children really like.
The main difference between the children's magazine "Murzilka" is its high-quality children's literature. IN different years A. Barto, K. Chukovsky, S. Marshak, S. Mikhalkov, M. Prishvin, K. Paustovsky, E. Blaginina, B. Zakhoder, N. Nosov, V. Berestov, Y. Korinets, Y. Akim collaborated with the magazine , V. Bakhrevsky, I. Tokmakova, S. Sakharnov, M. Yasnov, S. Kozlov. The magazine still maintains traditions, collecting on its pages only the best examples of modern Russian literature for children. Currently, the magazine publishes modern children's writers - S. Belorusets, S. Georgiev, M. Druzhinina, G. Dyadina, I. Zhukov, V. Zlotnikov, M. Leroev, M. Lukashkina, S. Oleksyak, A. Orlova, A. Usachev, E. Yakhnitskaya.
"Murzilka" is informative and useful children's reading. The regular columns of the magazine are full of interesting, educational materials that are a worthy addition to the in-depth study of school subjects: the Russian language (“Walks with Words”), natural history (“The Red Book of Murzilka”), labor (achievements of science and technology in the columns), physical culture(“Champion”), life safety (“Safety School”), fine arts (“Going to the Museum”, “Art Gallery”, “Murzilka Art Gallery”). Each issue of "Murzilka" contains games and crosswords, riddles and puzzles, rebuses, coloring books and several homemade designs, children's jokes, and nursery rhymes.
In 2011, the magazine was included in the Guinness Book of Records. It has been recognized as the longest running children's publication.
Official website of the magazine - http://www.murzilka.org/
Murzilka.-1924.-No. 1.
Murzilka.-1941.-No. 5.
Murzilka.-1945.-No. 05-06.
Murzilka.-1950.-No. 3.
Murzilka.1960.-No.11.
Murzilka.-1965.-No. 03.
Murzilka.-1966.-No. 1.
Murzilka.-1967.-No. 7
Murzilka.-1975.-No. 7.
Children's magazine Murzilka is 93 years old!
Despite any political and economic changes, he is alive and has even become comfortable on the Internet.
The first issue was published on May 16, 1924.
On the cover was a mongrel puppy who accompanied his owner, the red-haired boy Petka, everywhere.
Then the yellow and fluffy Murzilka appeared.
He got his name thanks to the mischievous and prankster - a little forest man who existed in popular books for children of the late 19th century.
It was a little man in a tailcoat, with a cane and a monocle.
Then the image of the forest Murzilka changed to the image of an ordinary small dog, helping everyone who is in trouble. But this image did not take root.
In 1937, the famous artist Aminadav Kanevsky created a new Murzilka.
He became a yellow hero, in a red beret and scarf, with a camera slung over his shoulder.
Over the years, Agnia Barto, Korney Chukovsky, S. Marshak, M. Prishvin, K. Paustovsky, V. Berestov, Yu. Korinets collaborated with the magazine.
Murzilka publishes children's fairy tales, fairy tales, children's stories, plays, and children's poems. New modern poems and stories for children are published in the magazine along with established classics for children: poems by Mikhalkov and Barto, which the parents of today's children grew up with.
Despite the considerable age of “Murzilka”, it remains modern and relevant.
Keeping up with the times, and considering that one of the main entertainments for children now is the computer, Murzilka has mastered the Internet - children are now able to access electronic version favorite magazine.
Who is Murzilka?
Librarian Who is Murzilka? - This question is often asked by children. And they themselves answer who calls him a chicken, a bear cub, a dog - who is closer to whom. Back in 1887, a company of tiny funny people appeared in the magazine “Dusushevnoye Slovo”, and with them Murzilka - a mischievous and boastful man, a dandy in a tailcoat, top hat, with a cane, and a monocle in his eye. The Russian writer composed fairy tales for the ready-made drawings of the American artist Palmer Cox.
But time passed. The magazine “Sincere Word” closed, and fairy tales began to be forgotten.
In 1924, a children's magazine, Murzilka, was opened under Rabochaya Gazeta.
Those guys who think Murzilka is a dog are not so wrong. When the magazine had just begun to be published, Murzilka really was a dog - a little white, fluffy mongrel. He also had an owner - a boy named Petya.
The country had a hard time in those days, so the heroes of the children's magazine overcame difficulties together with their people. Murzilka was a dependent character, dependent on his master. At first, the dog often appeared on the pages of the magazine and suddenly disappeared somewhere
But it was wrong to leave a magazine popular among children, and even with such a fabulous name “Murzilka”, without a hero. So he returned in 1937. The way Murzilka is known to this day - yellow, fluffy, in a red scarf and beret, with a camera on his side - was drawn by the wonderful artist Amidav Kanevsky. From his biography it is known that he,
Murzilka, grandson of Father Frost and the snow woman. And as soon as he appeared in the magazine, the most incredible and amazing adventures immediately began with him, which continue to this day.
Murzilka is a liar.
1) Verse "Storm".
We sailed on the sea
With all sails set.
Black clouds
We met in heaven.
The waves have risen
And the wind blew...
The storm happened
And I drowned.
2). Verse "Cannibals".
To a small island
We arrived
On the island only
Forests and hills.
I caught it in the forest
Big horse.
Suddenly the cannibals
They grabbed me.
What happened
With you? Speak!
Ate it, of course
I'm savage...
3) Verse “Four Hundred Bears.”
Four hundred bears
We wandered through the forests.
Four hundred bears
I saw it myself!
But that's a lot.
You're probably lying!
There aren't that many of them.
Confess: is this a lie?
No, I'm not lying at all,
I saw all this.
But where did you see this?
In a dream, my friends...
Librarian:
Jokes, riddles, fables, games are published in Murzilka from issue to issue to this day, although recent years They are often invented by the guys themselves - the readers of the magazine, and our grown-up hero - Murzilka - now runs the letters department in the magazine, which is called "Murzilka Post Office".
For example. In “Murzilka” No. 6 (2004) the results of the competition “My friend is a postman!” are summed up.
Murzilka writes that he received a lot of letters for this competition, and he awarded the best ones with prizes.
For example, Ilya Mironov from the Penza region sent Murzilka the following poems about postmen:
"Dear postmen,
I'm looking forward to seeing you very much.
You bring us joy
Hot summer and snowstorm.
You look a little alike
On carrier pigeons.
Only the letter comes to you,
You fly to us quickly."
Or another letter:
“Our postman Aunt Lida is very good and kind. She has been working at the post office for 25 years. Even when my dad was little, she brought mail and the magazine “Murzilka” for him.
Now he brings me..."
Librarian:
Well, now let’s read the poems that we found in our amazing magazine “Murzilka”.
1) Vl. Stepanov. “Arina’s birthday.”
2) Al. Trofimov.. “Boot”.
3) S. Vostokov. “I don’t believe it.”
4) M. Klokova. "Skates".
5) N. Stozhkova. “It’s become a habit.”
Well, now let’s go to the country of “Zagadkino”. There are so many of them on the pages of the Murzilka magazine. So cheerful and funny.
1). Cook meat, rice, saffron
It turns out... (pilaf)
2) A vine grows on the mountain,
3) Above Moscow, the capital
The firebirds flew by.
The night was lit up with fire
They gave us a holiday (fireworks)
4) There is a back,
Four legs.
Not a dog
And not a cat. (chair)
5) With this talker
It's just a hassle.
In the morning at the window
Chirping... (magpie)
6) Without stopping, near the ear
Annoying itching... (fly)
7) It will take off, then fold its wings.
That will straighten them out... Looks like
On a fluttering flower
On a sunny summer day (butterfly)
8) I am so attached to home
And so life is connected with him,
That even to your friends’ house
I crawl with him... (turtle)
Librarian:
Well, now, guys, let's take a trip to “Fun Math”. Let's do the math!
Poem. Yakhnik L. “Cats”. (librarian).
The cat was sitting on the window.
Second cat on the wall
And the other two are on a pine tree,
That one is at the door on the threshold.
That one is on the grass by the road.
She sat down under a bush,
She girdled herself with her tail.
Three in the shade under the bench.
The family is enjoying themselves together.
If you bend your fingers.
Poem. "Seagulls and the Sea." (librarian).
Seven seagulls
They sit on the water,
Five seagulls
They're spinning in the air,
And twenty seagulls
And they doze on the sand.
So how much
In this pack?
Let's count them
We answer!
Reader 1.
"Murzilka", "Murzilka",
Reliable, cheerful,
We have been friends with him since childhood,
We go to school with him.
May there be many new ones
magazines around,
"Murzilka" is still
Our best friend!
Reader 2.
In "Murzilka" drawings
On every page
Stories, riddles,
Poems, fables.
We go so that everyone
child reading
"Murzilka", "Murzilka",
our best magazine.
Reader 3.
Our parents told us a secret,
That they are all from childhood
“Murzilka” was loved,
And grandfather also said with a smile:
- “Murzilka” is my most
Favorite magazine!
Stanislav Vostokov “I don’t believe it.”
I don't believe in ghosts
And I didn’t see any sorcerers.
This is all without exception
The fabrications of talkers.
There are no brownies in the house,
And there are no goblin in the forest.
There are no driving stoves
And huts on foot.
What a bunch of nonsense
Can you trust?
Oh, the roosters have crowed,
We need to dissolve.
Alexander Trofimov “Boot”.
I walked on a rainbow
And I lost my shoe.
And the shoe and the lace
I couldn't find it anywhere.
My shoe walked alone -
Here's a funny gentleman!
How can I live without him?
Without my pet.
But when I was sleeping sweetly,
He's back, he's tired.
He lay down on his side
And until the sun - silence.
And he had a dream,
That he flew across the sky.
Vladimir Stepanov. "Arina's birthday"
At Grandma Arina's
Today is the name day.
All five of her friends
They wish her happiness:
The cricket lights up her stove
And he sings a song.
Go to the river for fish
The cat is walking in the morning.
Funny spider
Weaving a rug.
Puppy named Tishka
Sor drives you out the door.
And the little mouse
I started a pie.
At Grandma Arina's
Today is the name day.
All five of her friends
They wish her happiness.
M. Klokova.
My skates are carved,
Like fast animals
Funny, mischievous,
Funny skates.
There are snow all around like mountains,
I run like a fast walker
Silver pattern
I paint the ice.
There are definitely mice in the sky
The clouds pressed in.
I run without a break -
Like a river mirror.
My skates are carved,
Steel runners,
Funny, mischievous,
Happy skates!
N. Stozhkova “It has become a habit for me.”
It's become a habit for me
Give everyone funny nicknames:
Zaitsev is a hare, Kotov is a cat,
Bulkin Borka - a sandwich.
Nickname – whole page:
Donut, Rust, Singer...
I came up with it, I tried,
I even got into a fight with someone.
And then suddenly - here, hello,
I hear Nastya from Petrova:
Hey Valerka - Parrot,
Let me write it down, help me!
What a stupid habit
Give everyone a nickname?!
Agafurov Alfrid
This research work traces the entire history of the creation and origin of the main character of the children's magazine - Murzilka.
STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE OMSK REGION
“TARA SPECIAL (CORRECTIONAL) SCHOOL – BOARDING FOR CHILDREN – ORPHANS AND CHILDREN WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE WITH LIMITED HEALTH CAPABILITIES VIII TYPE”
TOPIC OF THE WORK
Completed by: Agafurov Alfrid,
7th grade student
Head: Solovyeva L.A.
Teacher
Tara - 2013
Application questionnaire “Murzilka – who is he and where is he from?”
From the very early childhood Every child has favorite toys and cartoon characters. Does the child know the history of the creation of these toys and cartoon characters? Where did they come from? Who invented them?
Purpose of the study– prove the story of origin and creation using a specific hero.
Research objectives:
class students.
In our century, children have completely different cartoon characters and hence the toys. And before there was famous hero Murzilka, who made cartoons, wrote fairy tales and published a children's magazine.
The survey method was used to determine how much the history of the origin and creation of Murzilka is known.
The students were asked to answer several questions. 24 students took part in the survey. Test results showed that most students do not know what animal Murzilka looks like, who created it and where it came from.
Summarizing the results obtained during testing are given in table 1.
Analysis of the results of a survey of class students
Question | Answer options | Number of selected answers |
Do you know who Murzilka is? | A. Alien. B. Fairy-tale hero. V. Forest dweller. S. I don’t know | |
Do you know what animal Murzilka looks like? | A. For a puppy. B. To Belchonka. B. To the teddy bear. S. I don’t know | |
Do you know who invented the hero Murzilka? | A. People's hero. B. Foreign writer. V. Soviet writer. S. I don’t know | |
Do you know where he came from? | A. From the forest. B. From the Moon. V. From a fairy tale. S. I don’t know. | |
Do you know whose relative Murzilka is? | A. Dogs. B. Santa Claus. V. Bear. S. I don’t know. | |
Have you read the magazine "Murzilka"? | A. Yes. B. No. | |
What sections do you like in this magazine? | "Art Gallery" “The Red Book” “Let’s have a heart-to-heart talk” “Travel and discovery.” |
Who is Murzilka?- This question is often asked by children. And they themselves answer who calls him a chicken, a bear cub, a dog - who is closer to whom.
Murzilka - in ancient times they scared naughty children.
This small and very evil shaggy creature could sneak up on a naughty child and bite off his toes or do something worse.
The very word “Murzilka” came from murz. This is what they said about a dog that gets angry and growls, baring its teeth.
At the end 19th centuryCanadianartist and writerPalmer Coxcame up with a series of poems with his own illustrations about little people"Brownie".
These are the closest relatives of brownies, small people, about 90 centimeters tall, similar to little elves with brown unkempt hair and bright blue eyes (because of the brown color of their hair they are called “brownies”). Their skin is predominantly light, although the color of a brownie's skin depends on where they live and what they eat. These creatures come at night and finish what the servants did not finish.
A little later, a Russian writerAnna Borisovna KhvolsonBased on Cox's drawings, she wrote stories about little forest men, where the main character was Murzilka (the writer came up with the names herself).It was a boy in a black tailcoat, with a huge white flower in his buttonhole, wearing a silk top hat and long-toed boots that were fashionable at that time. And in his hands he always had an elegant cane and a monocle.
From Anna Khvolson, “Although his brothers loved Murzilka, they considered him a lazy person, which he really was. In addition, he loved to show off: he wore a long coat or tailcoat, a tall black hat, boots with narrow toes, a cane and a glass in his eye , which he was very proud of, while others called him Empty Head."
Murzilka himself, according to the plot of the fairy tale, constantly found himself in some funny stories.
Murzilka experienced several fateful changes in her life.
May 161924 V USSRThe first issue of the Murzilka magazine was published.
Now Murzilka was a small white dog and appeared together with his owner, the boy Petya. Murzilka was a dependent character, dependent on his master.
However, back in the 50s Murzilka was a little man wearing an acorn hat on his head instead of a beret. He appeared like this in several cartoons, the latest of which is"Murzilka on the satellite"– was created in 1960. It was this beret that later became an indispensable attribute of Murzilka.
IN 1937 artist Aminadav Kanevskycreated the image of a puppy that became famous in the USSR -correspondentMurzilki is a yellow fluffy character in a red beret, with a scarf and a camera over his shoulder.
From the biography Murzilka knows that he is the grandson of Father Frost and the snow woman. And as soon as he appears, the most incredible and amazing adventures immediately begin with him.
IN 1993The publishing house "Kvesta" published a book under the authorship ofAlexandra Khvolson - “The kingdom of little ones. The Adventures of Murzilka and the Forest Men."
In the 21st century "Murzilka" - full-color glossy edition, magazine for children. At the same time magazine still preserves traditions, collecting on its pages only the best examples of modern Russian literature for children. Several sections about art, Russian history, nature, entertaining, educational, developmental tabs make the new “Murzilka” meaningful and interesting.
Murzilka has acquired a lot over the years friends and they became the hosts of the main sections of the magazine - funny and entertaining stories, curiosity questions, a sports page, stories about nature.
The best children's writers were published on the pages of Murzilka: Samuil Marshak, Korney Chukovsky, Sergei Mikhalkov, Boris Zakhoder, Agnia Barto.
Murzilka instills in her magazine love for learning with the help of bright pictures, interesting plots and playful poems.
Jokes, riddles, fables, and games are published in Murzilka from issue to issue to this day, although in recent years they have become more frequent come up with The guys themselves are readers of the magazine, and our grown-up hero, Murzilka, now runs the letters department in the magazine, which is called “Murzilka Post Office.”
Special sections magazine: “Murzilki Art Gallery”, “Red Book of Murzilki”, “Let's Talk Heart to Heart”, “Travel and Discoveries”.
IN 2011the magazine "Murzilka" was listed V Guinness Book of Records.
It has been recognized as the longest running children's publication.
