9. Heart rate
The attitude towards tachycardia as a predictor of CVD changed in the late 90s of the 20th century, when the results of epidemiological studies showed that an increase in heart rate more than 80-85 beats per minute at rest is associated with an increased risk of death from all causes and from CVD.
9.1. Heart rate: hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance
In patients with hypertension with increased heart rate, increased risk MTR. Available general mechanisms regulation of blood pressure and heart rate: increase in blood pressure by 0.7 mm Hg. accompanied by a simultaneous increase in heart rate by 10 beats/min. Heart rate is associated with vascular stiffness and speed pulse wave. A 20-year follow-up of individuals without CVD showed that with an initial heart rate >80 beats/min, the risk of developing obesity increases by 2 times, insulin resistance and diabetes by 5 times.
9.2. Heart rate and atherosclerosis
The connection between resting heart rate and the development of coronary atherosclerosis has been revealed both in experimental and in clinical trials. clinical studies. It can be assumed that the mechanical stress of the arterial wall increases in parallel with the increase in heart rate and contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. It is possible that hemodynamic stress disrupts intercellular contacts, thereby increasing the permeability of endothelial cells and the penetration of atherogenic particles into the tunica intima.
9.3. Heart rate: ischemia, sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction
Heart rate is one of the key factors determining myocardial oxygen demand, and shortening of diastole during tachycardia leads to a decrease in the time during which blood flow occurs in coronary arteries, which is accompanied by deterioration of perfusion, development of myocardial ischemia and increased risk of damage atherosclerotic plaque. Revealed close connection between high heart rate and sudden cardiovascular death in men, and regardless of other risk factors. For every 10 beats/min, a decrease in initial heart rate > 70 beats/min reduces mortality by 20%. The heart rate level significantly correlates with the size of myocardial infarction, mortality and the frequency of recurrent myocardial infarction. In patients with coronary artery disease, a heart rate of more than 70 beats/min is an independent predictor of MI and CV events (BEAUTIFUL study). Heart rate has a greater prognostic value for death in men than in women.
9.4. HR: CVD and all-cause mortality
At increased heart rate the risk of death from all causes increases both among patients with hypertension and those with normal blood pressure, and this is more typical for men. The effect of heart rate on mortality of Russian men and women aged 35 years and older (n=15,000) was studied for 18 years. The results showed that even after adjusting for other risk factors, individuals with heart rate >80 beats/min had more high risk general, cardiovascular mortality and shorter life expectancy (men by 7 years, women by 3.2 years). For men 65–70 years old (after taking into account other risk factors), the probability of reaching 85 years with a heart rate>80 beats/min is 40% lower than with a heart rate. It has been suggested that life expectancy is predetermined by the vital energy resource of the cell. Heart rate is both a marker and a key factor in determining an individual's metabolic rate. It is possible that resting heart rate may itself determine life expectancy.
9.5. Methods for measuring heart rate
Heart rate “office”. Most studies assess clinical “office” heart rate at rest by physical or instrumental methods during a visit to the doctor. There is a positive relationship between “office” heart rate and the incidence of fatal endpoints. The relationship between “office” heart rate and the level of “office” blood pressure and the “white coat” effect (the difference between the levels of “office” and average blood pressure calculated during 24-hour monitoring) is shown. Apparently, the “office” heart rate is a reflection of the patient’s readiness for stressful situation and to a greater extent can predict the activity of the autonomic nervous system.
“Ambulatory” heart rate. Heart rate is a highly variable physiological characteristic, the changes of which can be influenced by many factors. More full assessment can give an “ambulatory” heart rate with long-term 24-hour ECG monitoring. Data on the prognostic value of “ambulatory” heart rate are contradictory and require clarification. There is evidence both in favor of the greater prognostic significance of ambulatory heart rate compared to office heart rate, and the opposite of this.
The level of “ambulatory” heart rate can be influenced by the conditions of its measurement, including the state of work psycho-emotional stress. Therefore, high heart rate can serve as a marker of such an independent risk factor for CVD as stress. One of the most fully studied and significant types of chronic psycho-emotional stress is work-related stress. Initially, patients with “workplace hypertension” show greater stress-induced changes in blood pressure and heart rate than those with essential hypertension. In patients with “workplace hypertension,” the average heart rate during working hours is higher than during rest hours. Every fifth worker in a stressful profession has a heart rate > 80 beats per minute during a work shift, which is 2 times more likely than in people in non-stressful professions.
By heart rate (HR), you can determine whether the heart is beating normally, whether the rhythm of the heart is normal. In the article we'll talk about the connection between the frequency of myocardial beats and pulse rate. Information will also be given on normal heart rate in adult women, adult males and adolescents. While reading the article, the reader will learn about the effect of heart rate on heart rhythm.
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To determine heart rate, count how many beats the myocardium makes in sixty seconds (per minute).
The ratio of the number of heart muscle beats to the time during which the counted number of beats occurred is called the frequency of myocardial beats.
The heart rate coincides with the periodicity of the pulse. The pulse is the oscillation of vascular volumes, and the periodicity of the pulse is the frequency of oscillations of the vascular walls.
To determine the periodicity of the pulse, it is necessary to determine how many fluctuations in vascular volumes occur in a sixtieth part of an hour (per minute).
For some time before the start of the process of measuring the number of oscillations, men, women, children and adolescents should be in a calm state because during physical activity the myocardium begins to make more beats per minute than in the absence of physical activity.
Processes such as an increase and decrease in the periodicity of myocardial beats affect the heart rhythm in men, women, teenagers, and teenagers.
An increase in heart rate leads to an increase in the rhythm of the myocardium, and a decrease in heart rate, on the contrary, leads to a slowdown in the rhythm of the heart.
Thus, in order to find out whether the heart rate is reduced, increased or normal in men, women, teenagers, and teenagers, you need to know how many beats the heart muscle makes in sixty seconds.
Normal heartbeat in men, women, children and adolescents occurs when the heart rate is normal.
In children and adolescents normal indicators Heart rate depends on age.
The normal heart rate in adult males and females is the same and ranges from sixty to eighty myocardial beats per minute. It is worth noting that in women, as a rule, the myocardium makes 6-8 more beats per minute than in men.
Diseases such as tachycardia and bradycardia are associated with deviations in the periodicity of myocardial beats from the norm in men, women, children, and adolescents.
If the heart rate increases to exceed the norm and the rhythm of the heart muscle increases, then a person experiences tachycardia.
If the heart rate decreases to above normal and the heart rate slows down, the person experiences bradycardia.
The main goal of treatment for these diseases is to slow down the rapid heart rate and reduce the likelihood of recurrence of such attacks in men and women.
An adult has tachycardia if the heart beats more than ninety times in a sixtieth part of an hour.
Tachycardia can be diagnosed not only by determining the periodicity of heartbeats, but also by performing electrocardiography (ECG).
Tachycardia can be treated with folk remedies. Here are some popular recipes:
You can infuse folk remedies, the recipes for which are presented above, in a thermos.
Speaking about medication treatment, it should be noted the high effectiveness of taking sedatives. If an attack occurs in a man or woman, it is recommended to breathe deeply in the first 15 minutes, if breathing exercises did not give results, then you should take medications such as Volocardin, Corvalol or valerian tincture. Additional means to reduce heart rate is “Glycine” - it must be placed under the tongue.
Bradycardia in an adult occurs when the heart beats from thirty to fifty times in a sixtieth part of an hour.
Bradycardia can be diagnosed not only by determining the periodicity of heartbeats, but also by performing electrocardiography (ECG). An electrocardiogram is performed using an electrocardiograph. You can determine whether there is bradycardia by analyzing the electrocardiogram - the result of the ECG.
Bradycardia can be treated with folk remedies.
Recipe folk remedy from bradycardia from yarrow.
Pour 60 g of dry yarrow herb with two hundred ml of water heated to one hundred degrees Celsius. Keep in a water bath for a quarter of an hour. Leave for one hour. Strain. Drink thirty ml.
You can infuse the medicine for bradycardia from yarrow in a thermos.
Such events include:
Main preventive measure, aimed at preventing disease and reducing the risk of heart disease is – eliminating primary disease. This is due to the fact that tachycardia is not an independent disease, but only a symptom of the underlying disease. In view of this, visit the cardiologist's office for an examination. Based on the results of the diagnosis, the doctor will be able to confirm or refute the diagnosis, and, therefore, will be able to develop a treatment strategy.
The heart is one of the few organs human body possessing automaticity. The muscle fibers of the human heart muscle are capable of self-excitation under the influence of the impulses that arise in them.
But changes in the strength and frequency of heart contractions (HR) can also occur under the influence of:
The work of the heart can be judged by the heart beats and pulse; by these indicators one can judge not only the work of the heart, but also cardiovascular system.
It is generally accepted that the pulse, the measurement of which is taught in physical education classes at school, is the heart rate (HR), especially since they are measured in the same units - beats per minute. But such a statement is true only for healthy people. If heart rate is the number of contractions of the heart (its left ventricle) per minute, then pulse is the number of dilations of the artery as a result of the work of the heart.
Atrial fibrillation and extrasystole manifests itself in a violation heart rate, and the pulse becomes lower than the heart rate. This phenomenon is called pulse deficiency and is caused by disturbances in heart rhythm with erratic contraction. Blood is ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta, and if the first full contraction of the heart is followed by a second at a time when the left ventricle has not yet had time to fill with blood, blood will not flow into the aorta, and the pulse in the artery will not be felt.
Thus, it is impossible to determine the heart rate by measuring the pulse in this case; it should be determined by listening to the heartbeats.
Heart rate depends on the level of physical activity of a person at a given moment, and, even when performing the same physical activity, it strongly depends on the person’s fitness, which is why it is measured at rest.
Normal heart rate in adults healthy person between the ages of 20 and 55 years is 60-80 beats/minute. Bradycardia (low heart rate) is formally considered to be a frequency less than 60, and tachycardia (increased heart rate) is a frequency above 80. But even if the heart rate of an adult is 50 or 90 beats/min, and the examination does not reveal signs of disease, these frequencies can be considered an individual variant of the norm.
In women, heart rate is usually 5-10 beats higher than in men, and also increases in the second half menstrual cycle(after ovulation to critical days), which reflects an increase basal temperature and the level of metabolism in the body. With the onset of menopause, the pulse may increase even more significantly. The pulse rate in pregnant women increases slightly, since their body must provide oxygen and nutrients yourself and the fetus.
Normal heart rate decreases slightly during sleep. With age, heart rate in adults usually increases, but only slightly, amounting to 80-90 for a healthy elderly person. Physiological bradycardia is also possible at ages over 60 years.
When performing the same physical work, the heart beats faster in a less trained person.
Also among high-class athletes specializing in cyclic sports, such as:
Very low normal resting heart rate (much lower than normal, about 45-50 beats per second); in completely untrained people prone to a sedentary lifestyle, the resting heart rate can rise to 100.
The heart rhythm changes after eating, reflecting an increase in the level of metabolism due to food thermogenesis, which is higher when consuming protein foods than carbohydrate or mixed foods.
When a person is transferred from a lying position to another position, his energy expenditure increases:
Since energy expenditure in these positions increases by 20% and 40%, respectively, part of the increase in energy expenditure is provided by an increase in the stroke volume of the heart, or the volume of blood pumped by the ventricle into the aorta during one heartbeat.
Heart rate is significantly affected emotional state person, it increases:
Taking certain medications can either reduce or increase the frequency.
Heart rate increases sharply when body temperature rises due to infectious disease, and decreases with moderate cooling of the body with a decrease in its temperature. It also depends on the temperature of the room, increasing in a hot room (sauna).
A healthy person needs 5-6 minutes to restore their heart rate after physical activity or excitement.
Above, we examined the reasons for increased heart rate in healthy people, but a stable heart rate or low resting heart rate can be a consequence of diseases.
Tachycardia with symptoms such as shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness and fainting can result from the following diseases:
Bradycardia may be a sign of the following diseases:
The normal resting heart rate in children is summarized in the table.
| Age, years | Heart rate, beats/minute |
|---|---|
| Premature baby | 140-160 |
| Newborn baby | 120-140 |
| 1 | 110-120 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 10 | 90 |
| 13 | 80 |
When providing emergency assistance The first thing a professional rescuer or person acting as a rescuer does is check for cardiac activity and measure the pulse. To measure heart rate, you can place your palm on chest, use a stopwatch to count the number of heart beats within a minute.
You can also feel the pulsations felt when the heart ejects blood in the places where the arteries approach the surface of the body.
The most suitable locations are the following:
In medicine, resting heart rate is measured on an empty stomach at in good condition, in a quiet room at a comfortable temperature. To measure, a person should lie down or sit still for 5 minutes, after which the measurement is taken. You should not try to feel the pulse with one finger; at least 2, and preferably 4 (as on the radial artery) fingers should be placed on the artery.
During physical activity, heart rate at home or in a fitness center can be measured by electronic heart rate monitors or heart rate monitors built into some watches, bracelets or smartphones. Typically, athletes monitor heart rate during training, avoiding both excessive heart rate values and trying to keep (when practicing cyclic sports) the heart rate within the limits necessary for the development of aerobic capabilities.
The heart is able to perform a certain number of beats per minute, which is its maximum. This in no way means that you should put yourself at risk by achieving (during recreational sports) your maximum heart rate. Only experienced professional athletes can afford this; for amateurs, the maximum heart rate is just some indicator that serves as a guideline for determining the working heart rate during sports activities.
The maximum heart rate is determined by a cardiologist using a computer-controlled treadmill with an electrocardiogram (pulse graph) recorded under varying and increasing load. There is also a simplified version of estimating maximum heart rate by calculation based on age.
The maximum heart rate for age is determined as a constant value of 220 minus age in years. As an example: for a person aged 40 years, the maximum heart rate is 220 – 40 = 180 (bpm). To determine the heart rate zone most favorable for the development of aerobic capacity (endurance), find the average value between resting heart rate and maximum heart rate. For the example above, with a resting pulse of 60, the average will be (60 + 180)/2 = 120 (bpm).
Classes will be effective only if the heart rate is above 120 - this is the heart rate that a sports fan should train with at the beginning of classes if he is not trained. As your training level increases, the load can be increased (with a corresponding increase in heart rate), without allowing the heart rate to increase above the average between the previously determined average and the calculated maximum heart rate (120 and 180, respectively, in the example above), i.e. up to (120 + 180)/2 = 150 (bpm). We have determined that for a person aged 40 years with a resting pulse, the working heart rate zone lies in the range from 120 (for beginners) to 150 (for trained) beats per minute. At a different age and a different resting pulse, the working pulse zone will be different.
Sometimes the working pulse zone, determined as described above, is divided into zones:
Typically, these zones are highlighted on the panel of cardio equipment with pulse sensors to tell exercisers what heart rate zone they are working in. This division does not have any practical significance; during sports activities, it is better to determine the heart rate with a focus on well-being and level of fitness.
Determining your maximum heart rate (HR max) is simple: this is the most large number beats per minute that your heart is capable of performing at maximum effort.
Why is maximum heart rate so important?
Heart rate-based training allows you to run at the right intensity to achieve your training goals. In other words, training smart is always better than simply training with maximum effort.
The intensity of the workout is divided into five heart rate zones - from very light to maximum intensity. Heart rate zones are calculated as a percentage of your maximum heart rate. For example, within heart rate zone 4, you will train at 81-90% of your maximum heart rate and improve your maximum performance. To determine your personal heart rate zones, you first need to know or estimate your maximum heart rate.
How to determine your maximum heart rate?
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM HEART RATE: 220 minus age
Your maximum heart rate can be calculated using a commonly used formula: 220 minus age. While this is a good starting point, research has shown that this formula is not entirely accurate or universal, especially for people who have been involved in sports or fitness for many years, or for older people.
Determination of maximum heart rate: tests in field conditions
In addition to assessments and tests, you can determine your maximum heart rate by putting on your running shoes, turning on your heart rate monitor, and heading out into the real world.
You don't need high-precision laboratory equipment for field testing, but you will still get an accurate and personalized estimate of your maximum heart rate. The idea is simple: you warm up properly and then perform an exercise that requires maximum effort from you.
For an example of a field test, see the end of the material.
Please note that for maximum effort field testing, it is best to call a friend and invite them to join you. Just to be safe. Also, make sure this isn't your first workout. last year, i.e. you are prepared for the stress.
Accurate maximum heart rate: laboratory test
If you want the most accurate way to determine your maximum heart rate, you need a clinical measurement of your maximum heart rate. This is what you need that high quality laboratory equipment for.
The two most common methods are maximal treadmill or cycling stress tests. These laboratory tests are typically performed under the supervision of a cardiologist or exercise instructor on a treadmill or exercise bike, respectively.
Field test example
Complete this challenge in the field with a training partner. Use a heart rate monitor and pay attention to the most high frequency heart rate you can achieve. This is your maximum heart rate.
1.
Warm up for 15 minutes on a flat surface. Exercise at your standard training pace.
2. Choose a hill that will take more than two minutes to climb. Run up the hill at the fastest pace you can maintain for 20 minutes. Return to the base of the hill.
3. Do the hill climb again. Get your heart pumping at the maximum power you can sustain for three kilometers. Track your highest heart rate on the display.
Your heart rate max. about 10 beats higher than the value you see.
4. Run down the slope. Allow your heart rate to drop 30-40 beats per minute from its previous value.
5. Run up the hill again at a pace that you can maintain for just one minute. Try running half way up the hill. Track your highest heart rate on the display. This is the closest value to your maximum heart rate. You can use this value as HR max when setting up sports zones.
6. Cool down for at least 10 minutes.
Taking a maximum heart rate test in the field without sufficient preparation is a sure way to put maximum stress on your body. If you are unsure of your preparation, consult your doctor before taking the test.
Patients at appointments are often interested in what physical activity is safe and beneficial for their heart. Most often this question arises before the first visit to the gym. Parameters to control maximum load there are many, but one of the most informative is the pulse. Its calculation determines the heart rate (HR).
Why is it important to control your heart rate during exercise? To better understand this, I will first try to explain it clearly physiological basis adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical activity.
Against the backdrop of stress, tissue demand for oxygen increases. Hypoxia (lack of oxygen) serves as a signal to the body that it needs to increase the activity of the cardiovascular system. The main task of the cardiovascular system is to ensure that the supply of oxygen to the tissues covers its costs.
The heart is a muscular organ that performs pumping function. The more actively and effectively it pumps blood, the better the organs and tissues are provided with oxygen. The first way to increase blood flow is to speed up the heart. The higher the heart rate, the greater the volume of blood it can “pump” in a certain period of time.
The second way to adapt to the load is to increase the stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected into the vessels in one heartbeat). That is, improving the “quality” of the heart: the larger the volume of the heart chambers occupied by blood, the higher the contractility of the myocardium. Due to this, the heart begins to pump out more blood. This phenomenon is called the Frank-Starling law.
As the heart rate increases during exercise, the body undergoes different physiological changes. Heart rate calculations for different heart rate zones in sports training are based on this feature. Each zone corresponds to a percentage of heart rate from the maximum possible rate. They are chosen depending on the desired goal. Types of intensity zones:
To safely train the cardiovascular system, use pulse zone No. 1.
1. First find the maximum heart rate (HRmax), for this:
An example of calculating the optimal heart rate for training:
Pulse calculation for the selected therapy zone:
The target heart rate during exercise for a 40-year-old person should be: from 90 to 108 beats/min.
That is, the loads during exercise need to be distributed so that the heart rate falls within this range.
| Age (years) | Recommended heart rate (bpm) |
|---|---|
| Table with the optimal heart rate for training the cardiovascular system by age. | |
| 20 | 100-120 |
| 25 | 97-117 |
| 30 | 95-114 |
| 35 | 92-111 |
| 40 | 90-108 |
| 45 | 87-105 |
| 50 | 85-102 |
| 55 | 82-99 |
| 60 | 80-96 |
| 65 and older | 70-84 |
At first glance, these heart rate indicators in pulse zone No. 1 seem insufficient for exercise, but this is not so. Training should be done gradually, with a slow increase in target heart rate. Why? The SSS must “get used to” the changes. If an unprepared person (even a relatively healthy one) is immediately given maximum physical activity, this will end in a breakdown of the adaptation mechanisms of the cardiovascular system.
The boundaries of pulse zones are blurred, therefore, with positive dynamics and the absence of contraindications, a smooth transition to pulse zone No. 2 is possible (with a pulse rate of up to 70% of the maximum). Safe training of the cardiovascular system is limited to the first two pulse zones, since the loads in them are aerobic (the supply of oxygen completely compensates for its consumption). Starting from the 3rd pulse zone, a transition from aerobic to anaerobic exercise occurs: the tissues begin to lack incoming oxygen.
The duration of classes is from 20 to 50 minutes, the frequency is from 2 to 3 times a week. I advise you to add no more than 5 minutes to your workout every 2-3 weeks. It is imperative to focus on your own feelings. Tachycardia during exercise should not cause discomfort. An elevated pulse rate during measurement and a deterioration in well-being indicate excessive physical activity.
Moderate physical activity is indicated. The main guideline is the ability to talk while jogging. If during running your heart rate and breathing rate increase to the recommended levels, but this does not interfere with conversation, then the load can be considered moderate.
Light to moderate physical activity is suitable for training your heart. Namely:
Suitable for a gym environment treadmill. The heart rate calculation is the same as for heart rate zone No. 1. The simulator is used in fast walking mode without lifting the belt.
The heart rate during exercise is directly proportional to the magnitude of the load. The larger physical work performed by the body, the higher the tissue demand for oxygen and, therefore, the faster the heart rate.
The resting heart rate of untrained people ranges from 60 to 90 beats/min. Against the background of load, it is physiological and natural for the body to accelerate the heart rate by 60-80% of the resting value.
The adaptive capabilities of the heart are not unlimited, which is why there is the concept of “maximum heart rate,” which limits the intensity and duration of physical activity. This is the highest heart rate value at maximum effort until the moment of extreme fatigue.
Calculated using the formula: 220 – age in years. Here is an example: if a person is 40 years old, then his heart ratemax is 180 beats/min. When calculating, an error of 10-15 beats/min is possible. There are over 40 formulas for calculating maximum heart rate, but this is more convenient to use.
Below is a table with the permissible maximum heart rate depending on age and, with moderate physical activity (running, brisk walking).
Table of target and maximum heart rate during physical activity:
| Age, years | Target heart rate in the zone 50 – 85% of maximum | Maximum heart rate |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | 100 – 170 | 200 |
| 30 | 95 – 162 | 190 |
| 35 | 93 – 157 | 185 |
| 40 | 90 – 153 | 180 |
| 45 | 88 – 149 | 175 |
| 50 | 85 – 145 | 170 |
| 55 | 83 – 140 | 165 |
| 60 | 80 – 136 | 160 |
| 65 | 78 – 132 | 155 |
| 70 | 75 - 128 | 150 |
To test your capabilities, there are special tests to check the pulse, determining the level of fitness of a person during exercise. Main types:
To independently test the fitness of the cardiovascular system, it is better to limit yourself to a test with squats. Subject to availability cardiovascular diseases tests can only be carried out under the supervision of specialists.
Heart rate in children is initially higher than in adults. So, for a 2-year-old child in a calm state, a pulse of 115 beats per minute is considered the absolute norm. During physical activity in children, unlike adults, stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected by the heart into the vessels in one contraction), pulse and blood pressure increase more strongly. How younger child, the more the pulse accelerates even with a slight load. In this case, the OP changes little. Closer to 13-15 years, heart rate indicators become similar to adults. Over time, stroke volume becomes larger.
Elderly people also have their own characteristics of heart rate readings during exercise. The deterioration of adaptive abilities is largely due to sclerotic changes in the blood vessels. Due to the fact that they become less elastic, peripheral vascular resistance increases. Unlike young people, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure are more likely to increase in old people. Contractility the heart becomes smaller over time, so adaptation to the load occurs mainly due to an increase in heart rate, and not SV.
There are adaptation differences depending on gender. In men, blood flow improves to a greater extent due to an increase in stroke volume and to a lesser extent due to an acceleration of heart rate. For this reason, the pulse in men is usually slightly lower (6-8 beats/min) than in women.
A person who is professionally involved in sports has significantly developed adaptive mechanisms. Bradycardia at rest is normal for him. The pulse can be below not only 60, but also 40-50 beats/min.
Why are athletes comfortable with such a heart rate? Because during training, their stroke volume increased. During physical activity, an athlete’s heart contracts much more efficiently than that of an untrained person.
Another parameter that changes in response to physical activity is blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure is the pressure experienced by the walls of blood vessels at the moment of heart contraction (systole). Diastolic blood pressure is the same indicator, but during myocardial relaxation (diastole).
An increase in systolic blood pressure is the body's response to an increase in stroke volume provoked by physical activity. Normally, systolic blood pressure increases moderately, up to 15-30% (15-30 mmHg).
Diastolic blood pressure also changes. In a healthy person, during physical activity it can decrease by 10-15% from the original (on average, by 5-15 mmHg). This is caused by a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance: to increase the supply of oxygen to tissues, blood vessels begin to expand. But more often, fluctuations in diastolic blood pressure are either absent or insignificant.
Why is it important to remember this? To avoid false diagnosis. For example: blood pressure 140/85 mmHg. immediately after intense physical activity is not a symptom of hypertension. In a healthy person, blood pressure and pulse return to normal fairly quickly after exercise. This usually takes 2-4 minutes (depending on training level). Therefore, for reliability, blood pressure and pulse must be rechecked at rest and after rest.
There are few contraindications to exercise in pulse zone No. 1. They are determined individually. Main restrictions:
Tachycardia during physical activity is not just an unreasonable acceleration of heart rate. This is a complex set of adaptive physiological mechanisms.
Heart rate control is the basis of competent and safe training of the cardiovascular system.
For timely load correction and the ability to evaluate the results of cardiovascular training, I recommend keeping a diary of heart rate and blood pressure.
Author of the article: Practitioner Chubeiko V. O. Higher medical education(Omsk State Medical University with honors, academic degree: “Candidate of Medical Sciences”).
Beginning of the fat burning zone
