Regular examination is the best prevention eye diseases. Diagnosis of such diseases can only be carried out by an experienced ophthalmologist in a specialized equipped office. It is important that the ophthalmologist identifies the first signs of abnormalities in time. Successful treatment largely depends on the speed of their detection at the stage of reversible changes.
One examination by a doctor and a subsequent conversation with him is not enough. It is necessary to carry out additional specific examination methods using modern equipment to clarify the diagnosis and prescribe treatment. The doctor should tell you in detail about the accurate diagnosis and determination of visual acuity, as well as possible deviations and pathologies.
Ultra-modern diagnostic methods help establish a highly accurate diagnosis and allow highly effective control of treatment. Here are the most common methods for diagnosing the most common eye diseases.
A doctor's examination reveals abnormalities using the following painless procedures:
A procedure that allows the ophthalmologist to see parts of the fundus on the surface of the eye. This method remains one of the most significant and popular in diagnosing eye diseases. The non-contact method is performed using a lens or a special ophthalmoscope device.
Allows you to evaluate the main function - distance visual acuity - during preventive examinations. Decreased vision is an important signal in diagnosing diseases. The examination is first carried out without correction - the patient, closing one eye at a time, names the letters on the table indicated by the ophthalmologist. If there are violations, the procedure is performed with correction using specialized frames and lenses.
This method determines the optical power of the eye and diagnoses refractive errors and vision defects: myopia, farsightedness, astigmatism. Now the procedure has begun to be carried out using refractometers, which allows the patient not to waste a lot of time and facilitates the eye doctor’s manipulations.
The study is recommended for people over 40 years of age, as they have increased risk development of glaucoma. The procedure measures intraocular pressure, which is carried out in the following ways: by palpation, according to Maklakov (using weights) with a pneumotonometer and others.
An important method for determining the presence of peripheral vision and diagnosing pathological diseases - glaucoma and the process of destruction optic nerve. The study is carried out using specialized hemispherical electrical devices on which light spots are displayed.
Widespread and intended to determine violations of color sensitivity thresholds - color blindness. The inspection is carried out using Rabkin's polychromatic tables.
The procedure for microscopic examination of the ocular segment using a special device - a slit lamp. With significant magnification, the ophthalmologist can clearly see the tissues of the eye - the cornea and conjunctiva, as well as the lens, iris, and vitreous body.
Determines the degree of astigmatism of the anterior surface and the refractive power of the cornea. The radius of refraction is measured with an ophthalmometer.
Grishberg's simple method allows you to determine the angle of strabismus using an ophthalmoscope through which the patient is looking. The ophthalmologist determines the problem by observing the reflection of light on the corneal surface.
It is carried out in case of obstruction of the lacrimal canaliculi. IN tear ducts Thin tubes (cannulas) with a syringe and solution are inserted. If the patency is normal, then the liquid from the syringe will penetrate into the nasopharynx. If there is an obstruction, the solution will not pass through and will spill out.
It is usually performed in infants and elderly people for therapeutic purposes, since they may experience stenosis of the lacrimal openings. Bougienage is carried out using expanding probes using local anesthesia.
To determine the diagnosis of common ailments, such as conjunctivitis, myopia, cataracts, such diagnostic methods are usually sufficient. However, if eye doctor doubts the diagnosis, it is possible additional ways examination of diseases using specialized equipment carried out in optometric centers.
Ultrasound is a popular research tool due to its ability to provide accurate information in full and high efficiency of the procedure. Ultrasound examination is necessary to detect eye abnormalities, tumors, and retinal detachment.
The method determines the central field of vision for colors and is used to detect diseases of the optic nerve, glaucoma and retina. The diagnostic kampimeter consists of a special large screen, where the patient looks with each eye alternately through a slit on a black screen.
The electrophysiological research method has found wide application in the study of the cerebral cortex, retina and levels of damage to the optic nerve, function nervous department optical apparatus.
A method that studies the surface of the cornea before laser correction. It is carried out on an automated computer system by scanning to determine the sphericity of the surface.
Study intraocular pressure in dynamics. IOP takes about 5 minutes, for this short term can be obtained important information about the state of fluid outflow inside the eye.
The method allows you to accurately determine the thickness of the cornea; it is necessarily prescribed for laser operations
Shows the condition of the fundus and retinal vessels. A series of high-precision images are taken after the fluorescent solution is administered intravenously.
The non-contact modern OCT method is used to determine the condition of the optic nerve and retina.
Operational examination under an optical device to detect ticks.
A procedure that determines tear production. The test is performed for symptoms of dry eye. An ophthalmological test is placed on the edge of the patient's lower eyelid, which can be used to determine if it is wet with tears.
A method for accurately detecting glaucoma using a lens. The angle of the anterior chamber is examined.
It is used for retinal dystrophy and detachment, as well as to obtain data on its peripheral parts that were not detected during a classical examination.
High-precision modern instruments and a variety of techniques allow you to conduct research accurately and efficiently visual organs at the cellular level. Most diagnostics are carried out non-contact and painlessly, without requiring prior preparation of the patient. In the relevant sections you can learn in detail about the methods for diagnosing eye diseases.
In ophthalmology, thanks to modern equipment and the latest medical techniques, eye examinations take a short time, are painless and give very accurate results in identifying diseases of the eye organ.
At an appointment with an ophthalmologist, the patient is examined with basic standard methods diagnostics, which include checking visual acuity, measuring intraocular pressure, examining the cornea and retina.
If necessary, a more accurate and in-depth study is prescribed using modern devices using laser technology and computer programs.
For timely detection of eye diseases and treatment, it is necessary to pay attention to the following symptoms:
Preventive examinations should be carried out regularly People with 100% good vision should have it checked for preventive purposes once a year. For those who have vision loss due to certain reasons, it is necessary to undergo an examination by an ophthalmologist to correct their vision.
For those who wear lenses, an examination is necessary to identify adaptation of the lens material on the surface of the eye. To determine allergic reactions to this material. Clarify proper care and storage contact lenses.
It is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist for pregnant women at 10–14 weeks and 34–36 weeks. Pregnancy can cause changes in visual acuity or complications of existing eye diseases.
For people aged 40–60 years, visit an ophthalmologist in for preventive purposes It is advisable to plan once every 2–4 years. Over 65 years old – once every 1–2 years. Children need to be tested up to three times during the first year of life and as needed.
It is advisable for people with heart disease to visit an ophthalmologist. vascular diseases suffering from hypertension and diabetes, after eye injuries or taking hormonal medications.
There are many serious illnesses human eye organ, which significantly influence the visual process. These are cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment and many infectious diseases.
Diagnostics on early stage, as well as treatment started on time, can prevent further development diseases, partial loss of vision and blindness. The earlier the diagnosis is made and treatment started, the greater the percentage of vision that can be saved.
Basic and additional examination methods used:
Today, methods for examining the organ of vision are sufficient to accurately and correctly make a diagnosis by looking into the most inaccessible and deep layers of the visual organ.
Surprisingly, a huge arsenal of examinations and diagnostic procedures: from simple letter tables to obtaining a layer-by-layer image of the retina and optic nerve head using OCT and a detailed study of the course of blood vessels in the fundus during FA.
Most studies are carried out according to strict indications. However, when going to see an ophthalmologist, be prepared to spend from half an hour to an hour or more, depending on the number and complexity of the tests you need and the workload of your doctor.
Visual acuity is determined for each eye separately. In this case, one of them is covered with a shield or palm. At a distance of 5 meters you will be shown letters, numbers or signs of various sizes that you will be asked to name. Visual acuity is characterized by the smallest signs that the eye can distinguish.
Next, you will be given a frame in which the doctor will put different lenses, asking you to choose which one allows you to see more clearly. Or they will install in front of you a device called a phoropter, in which lenses are changed automatically. Refraction is characterized by the power of the lens, which provides the highest visual acuity for that eye, and is expressed in diopters. Positive lenses are required for farsightedness, negative lenses for myopia, and cylindrical lenses for astigmatism.
Based on the analysis of the wavefront of the eye, the aberrometer determines even imperceptible optical imperfections of its media. These data are important when planning LASIK.
It is carried out using a device - a perimeter, which is a hemispherical screen. You are asked to fixate the mark with the eye you are examining and, as soon as you notice with your peripheral vision the luminous points appearing in different areas screen, press the signal button or say “yes”, “I see”. The visual field is characterized by the space in which the eye, with a constantly fixed gaze, detects visual stimuli. Characteristic visual field defects occur due to eye diseases, such as glaucoma, as well as when the optic nerve and brain are damaged by a tumor or as a result of a stroke.
Non-contact measurement is carried out using automatic blood pressure monitor. You are asked to place your chin on the stand of the device and fix your gaze on the luminous mark. The autotonometer releases a stream of air in the direction of your eye. Based on the cornea's resistance to air flow, the device determines the level of intraocular pressure. The technique is absolutely painless, the device does not come into contact with your eyes.
The contact method for measuring intraocular pressure is accepted as standard in Russia. After instilling the “freezing” drops, the doctor touches your cornea with a weight with a colored area. The level of intraocular pressure is determined on paper by the diameter of the imprint of the unpainted area. This technique is also painless.
Since glaucoma is a disease associated with increased intraocular pressure, regular measurement of it is a necessary condition for maintaining the health of your eyes.
There are many methods for diagnosing strabismus. The simplest of them is the “cover” test. The doctor asks you to fix your gaze on an object in the distance and, alternately covering one of your eyes with your palm, watches the other to see if there is an orientation movement. If it occurs inwardly, divergent strabismus is diagnosed, if outwardly, convergent strabismus is diagnosed.
A slit lamp or biomicroscope allows you to examine the structures of the eye under high magnification. You are asked to place your chin on the stand of the device. The doctor illuminates your eye with the light of a slit lamp and, under high magnification, first examines the anterior part of the eye (eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, lens), and then, using a strong lens, examines the fundus of the eye (retina, optic nerve head and blood vessels). Biomicroscopy allows you to diagnose almost the entire range of eye diseases.
Using an ophthalmoscope, the doctor directs a beam of light into your eye and examines the retina, optic nerve head and blood vessels through the pupil.
Often for more full review You are first given drops that dilate the pupil. The effect develops after 15-30 minutes. While they last, sometimes for several hours, you may experience difficulty focusing on nearby objects. In addition, the eye's sensitivity to light increases; on the way home after the examination, it is recommended to wear a sunscreen safety glasses.
Vision diagnostics- This important stage in the prevention of eye diseases and maintaining good vision for many years! Timely detection of ophthalmological pathology is the key successful treatment many eye diseases. As our practice shows, the occurrence of eye diseases is possible at any age, so everyone needs to undergo a high-quality examination at least once a year. ophthalmological examination.
Vision diagnostics is necessary not only to identify primary ophthalmological pathology, but also to decide on the possibility and advisability of performing a particular operation, choosing treatment tactics for the patient, as well as accurately diagnosing the condition of the organ of vision in a dynamic aspect. In our clinic, a complete ophthalmological examination is carried out using the most modern diagnostic equipment.
The cost of a diagnostic examination (vision diagnostics) depends on its volume. For the convenience of patients, we have created complexes in accordance with common eye diseases, such as cataracts, glaucoma, myopia, farsightedness, and fundus pathology.
| Service code | Service name | Qty services |
Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| A02.26.004 | Visometry, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.004 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| A02.26.013 | Code: A02.26.013 |
1 | 550 ₽ |
| A02.26.015 | Ophthalmotonometry, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.015 |
1 | 300 ₽ |
| A03.26.001 | Biomicroscopy, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A03.26.018 | Code: A03.26.018 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| A12.26.016 | Code: A12.26.016 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.009 | Code: B01.029.001.009 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| Service code | Service name | Qty services |
Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| A02.26.004 | Visometry, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.004 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| A02.26.013 | Determination of refraction using a set of trial lenses, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.013 |
1 | 550 ₽ |
| A02.26.015 | Ophthalmotonometry, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.015 |
1 | 300 ₽ |
| A03.26.001 | Biomicroscopy, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A03.26.003.001 | Code: A03.26.003.001 |
1 | 1,950 RUR |
| A03.26.018 | Biomicroscopy of the fundus (central zone), 2 eyes Code: A03.26.018 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| A12.26.016 | Autorefractometry with a narrow pupil, 2 eyes Code: A12.26.016 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.009 | Consultation with an ophthalmologist Code: B01.029.001.009 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| Service code | Service name | Qty services |
Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| В01.029.001.009 | Consultation with an ophthalmologist Code: B01.029.001.009 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.010 | Consultation with an ophthalmologist (surgeon) Code: B01.029.001.010 |
1 | 1,700 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.011 | Consultation with an anesthesiologist Code: B01.029.001.011 |
1 | 1,000 ₽ |
| В01.029.001.012 | Consultation with an ophthalmologist (vitreoretinologist) Code: B01.029.001.012 |
1 | 1 100 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.013 | Candidate consultation medical sciences Code: B01.029.001.013 |
1 | 2,200 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.014 | Consultation with a doctor of medical sciences Code: B01.029.001.014 |
1 | RUB 2,750 |
| В01.029.001.015 | Professor consultation Code: B01.029.001.015 |
1 | 3,300 ₽ |
| B01.029.001.016 | Consultation with Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences V.V. Kurenkov Code: B01.029.001.016 |
1 | 5 500 ₽ |
| Service code | Service name | Qty services |
Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| A02.26.004 | Visometry, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.004 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| A02.26.009 | Color perception study, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.009 |
1 | 200 ₽ |
| A02.26.010 | Strabismus angle measurement, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.010 |
1 | 450 ₽ |
| A02.26.013 | Determination of refraction using a set of trial lenses, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.013 |
1 | 550 ₽ |
| А02.26.013.001 | Determination of refraction using a set of trial lenses in conditions of cycloplegia, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.013.001 |
1 | 800 ₽ |
| A02.26.015 | Ophthalmotonometry, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.015 |
1 | 300 ₽ |
| A02.26.015.001 | Ophthalmotonometry (iCare device), 2 eyes Code: A02.26.015.001 |
1 | 650 ₽ |
| A02.26.015.002 |
Daily tonometry iCare expert tonometer (1 day) Code: A02.26.015.002 |
1 | 1,850 RUR |
| A02.26.015.003 | Ophthalmotonometry (IOP according to Maklakov), 2 eyes Code: A02.26.015.003 |
1 | 450 ₽ |
| A02.26.020 | Schirmer test Code: A02.26.020 |
1 | 600 ₽ |
| A02.26.023 | Accommodation study, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.023 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| A02.26.024 | Determination of the nature of vision, heterophoria, 2 eyes Code: A02.26.024 |
1 | 800 ₽ |
| A03.26.001 | Biomicroscopy, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A03.26.012 | Examination of the posterior corneal epithelium, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.012 |
1 | 600 ₽ |
| A03.26.002 | Gonioscopy, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.002 |
1 | 850 RUR |
| A03.26.003 | Examination of the periphery of the fundus using a three-mirror Goldmann lens, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.003 |
1 | 1,950 RUR |
| A03.26.003.001 | Examination of the periphery of the fundus using a lens, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.003.001 |
1 | 1,950 RUR |
| A03.26.011 | Keratopachymetry, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.011 |
1 | 800 ₽ |
| A03.26.005 | Biomicrography of the eye and its adnexa, 1 eye Code: A03.26.005 |
1 | 800 ₽ |
| A03.26.005.001 | Biomicrography of the fundus using a fundus camera, 2 eyes Code: A03.26.005.001 |
1 | 1 600 ₽ |
| A03.26.018 | Biomicroscopy of the fundus (central zone), 2 eyes Code: A03.26.018 |
1 | 700 ₽ |
| A03.26.019 | Optical examination of the retina using a computer analyzer (one eye), 1 eye Code: A03.26.019 |
1 | 1,650 RUR |
| А03.26.019.001 | Optical research anterior section eyes using a computer analyzer (one eye), 1 eye Code: A03.26.019.001 |
1 | 1 200 ₽ |
| A03.26.019.002 | Optical examination of the posterior part of the eye using a computer analyzer in angiography mode (one eye), 1 eye Code: A03.26.019.002 |
1 | 2 500 ₽ |
| A03.26.019.003 | Optical examination of the optic nerve head and nerve fiber layer using a computer analyzer, 1 eye Code: A03.26.019.003 |
1 | 2,000 ₽ |
| А03.26.019.004 | Optical examination of the posterior segment of the eye (optic nerve) using a computer analyzer, 1 eye Code: A03.26.019.004 |
1 | 3 100 ₽ |
| A03.26.020 | Computer perimetry (screening), 2 eyes Code: A03.26.020 |
1 | 1 200 ₽ |
| A03.26.020.001 | Computer perimetry (screening + thresholds), 2 eyes Code: A03.26.020.001 |
1 | 1,850 RUR |
| A04.26.002 | Ultrasound examination eyeball(B-scan), 2 eyes Code: A04.26.002 |
1 | 1 200 ₽ |
| А04.26.004.001 | Ultrasound biometry of the eye (A-method), 2 eyes Code: A04.26.004.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| А04.26.004.002 | Ultrasound biometry of the eye with calculation of IOL optical power, 2 eyes Code: A04.26.004.002 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| A05.26.007 | Optical biometrics of the eye, 2 eyes Code: A05.26.007 |
1 | 650 ₽ |
| A12.26.007 | Load-unload tests to study the regulation of intraocular pressure, 2 eyes Code: A12.26.007 |
1 | 400 ₽ |
| A12.26.016 | Autorefractometry with a narrow pupil, 2 eyes Code: A12.26.016 |
1 | 350 ₽ |
| A12.26.018 | Videokeratotopography, 2 eyes Code: A12.26.018 |
1 | 1 200 ₽ |
| A23.26.001 | Selection spectacle correction vision, 2 eyes Code: A23.26.001 |
1 | 1 100 ₽ |
| A23.26.001.001 | Selection of spectacle vision correction (with cycloplegia) Code: A23.26.001.001 |
1 | 1,550 RUR |
| A23.26.001.002 | Selection of spectacle vision correction (during a comprehensive examination) Code: A23.26.001.002 |
1 | 650 ₽ |
| A23.26.001.003 | Selection of spectacle vision correction (with cycloplegia during a comprehensive examination) Code: A23.26.001.003 |
1 | 850 RUR |
| A25.26.001 | Prescription of medications for diseases of the organ of vision Code: A25.26.001 |
1 | 900 ₽ |
| B01.029.002 | Repeated appointment (examination, consultation) with an ophthalmologist Code: B01.029.002 |
1 | 850 RUR |
| DU-OFT-004 | Training in using SCL Code: DU-OFT-004 |
1 | 1 500 ₽ |
| DU-OFT-005 | Determining your dominant eye Code: DU-OFT-005 |
1 | 400 ₽ |
Any ophthalmological examination begins, first of all, with a conversation, identifying the patient’s complaints and collecting an anamnesis. And only after this they move on to hardware methods for studying the organ of vision. In hardware diagnostic examination includes determining visual acuity, studying the patient’s refraction, measuring intraocular pressure, examining the eye under a microscope (biomicroscopy), pachymetry (measuring the thickness of the cornea), echobiometry (determining the length of the eye), ultrasound examination eyes (B-scan), computer keratotopography and careful (fundus) with a wide pupil, determination of the level of tear production, assessment of the patient’s field of vision. When ophthalmological pathology is detected, the scope of the examination is expanded to specifically study the clinical manifestations in a particular patient. Our clinic is equipped with modern, highly professional ophthalmological equipment from companies such as ALCON, Bausch & Lomb, NIDEK, Zeiss, Rodenstock, Oculus, which allows us to conduct studies of any level of complexity.
In our clinic, special tables with pictures, letters or other signs are used to determine the patient’s visual acuity and refraction. Using an automatic phoropter NIDEK RT-2100 (Japan), the doctor, alternately changing diopter glasses, selects the most optimal lenses that provide best vision for the patient. In our clinic, we use NIDEK SCP - 670 halogen sign projectors with 26 test patterns and analyze the results obtained under narrow and wide pupil conditions. Computer refraction research is carried out on a NIDEK ARK-710A autorefractive meter (Japan), which allows you to most accurately determine the refraction of the eye and the biometric parameters of the cornea.
Intraocular pressure is measured using a non-contact tonometer NIDEK NT-2000. If necessary, measurement of intraocular pressure is carried out using a contact method - Maklakov or Goldman tonometers.
To study the condition of the anterior segment of the eye (eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, lens, etc.) slit lamp NIDEK SL-1800 (biomicroscope). On it, the doctor evaluates the condition of the cornea, as well as deeper structures such as the lens and vitreous body.
All patients undergoing a complete ophthalmological examination mandatory The fundus of the eye is examined, including areas of its extreme periphery, under conditions of maximum pupil dilation. This allows us to identify dystrophic changes retina, diagnose its breaks and subclinical detachments - a pathology that is not clinically determined by the patient, but requires mandatory treatment. To dilate the pupils (mydriasis), fast and short-acting drugs are used (Midrum, Midriacil, Cyclomed). If changes are detected in the retina, we prescribe preventive laser coagulation using a special laser. Our clinic uses the best and modern models: YAG laser, diode laser NIDEK DC-3000.
One of important methods diagnosing the patient's vision before any refractive surgery for vision correction is computer topography of the cornea, aimed at examining the surface of the cornea and its pachymetry - measuring thickness.
One of the anatomical manifestations of refractive error (myopia,) is a change in the length of the eye. This is one of the most important indicators, which in our clinic is determined by a non-contact method using the IOL MASTER device from ZEISS (Germany). This is a combined biometric device, the research results of which are also important for calculating IOLs for cataracts. Using this device, during one session, the length of the eye axis, the radius of curvature of the cornea and the depth of the anterior chamber of the eye are measured immediately one after another. All measurements are carried out using a non-contact method, which is extremely comfortable for the patient. Based on the measured values, the built-in computer can suggest optimal intraocular lenses. The basis for this is the current international calculation formulas.
Ultrasound examination is an important addition to generally accepted clinical methods ophthalmological diagnostics, it is a widely known and informative instrumental method. This study makes it possible to obtain information about the topography and structure of normal and pathological changes tissues of the eye and orbit. Using the A-method (one-dimensional imaging system), the thickness of the cornea, the depth of the anterior chamber, the thickness of the lens and inner membranes of the eye, as well as the length of the eye are measured. The B-method (two-dimensional imaging system) allows you to assess the condition of the vitreous body, diagnose and evaluate the height and extent of choroidal and retinal detachment, identify and determine the size and localization of ocular and retrobulbar neoplasms, as well as detect and determine the location of a foreign body in the eye.
Another necessary method for diagnosing vision is visual field testing. The purpose of determining the field of view (perimetry) is:
Also, using hardware techniques, it is possible to measure the contrast and threshold sensitivity of the retina. These studies provide an opportunity early diagnosis and treatment of a number of eye diseases.
In addition, other parametric and functional data of the patient are examined, for example, determining the level of tear production. The most diagnostically sensitive functional studies are used - the Schirmer test, the Norn test.
One more modern method studying the inner lining of the eye is. This unique technique allows you to get an idea of the structure of the retina throughout its entire depth, and even measure the thickness of its individual layers. With its help, it became possible to identify the earliest and smallest changes in the structure of the retina and optic nerve, which are not accessible to resolution capabilities human eye.
The operating principle of an optical tomograph is based on the phenomenon of light interference, which means that the patient is not exposed to any harmful radiation during the examination. The examination takes a few minutes, does not cause visual fatigue and does not require direct contact of the device’s sensor with the eye. Similar devices for vision diagnostics are available only in large clinics in Russia, Western Europe and the USA. The study provides valuable diagnostic information about the structure of the retina in diabetic macular edema and allows you to accurately formulate a diagnosis in complex cases, as well as obtain a unique opportunity to monitor the dynamics of treatment based not on the subjective impression of the doctor, but on clearly defined digital values of retinal thickness.
The study provides comprehensive information about the condition of the optic nerve and the thickness of the layer of nerve fibers around it. High-precision measurement of the latter parameter guarantees the identification of the earliest signs of this terrible disease, even before the patient notices the first symptoms. Given the ease of implementation and the absence discomfort When performing an examination, we recommend repeating control examinations on a scanner for glaucoma every 2-3 months, for diseases central zone retina - every 5-6 months.
Repeated examination allows you to determine the activity of the pathology, clarify the correctness of the chosen treatment, and also correctly inform the patient about the prognosis of the disease, which is especially important for patients suffering from macular holes, since the likelihood of developing healthy eye A similar process can be predicted after a tomograph study. Early, “preclinical” diagnosis of fundus changes in diabetes mellitus is also possible with this amazing device.
After completing hardware tests (vision diagnostics), the doctor carefully analyzes and interprets all the information received about the condition of the patient’s organ of vision and, based on the data obtained, makes a diagnosis, on the basis of which a treatment plan for the patient is drawn up. All research results and treatment plan are explained to the patient in detail.
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During the examination of the patient ophthalmologist assesses the condition various structures eyeball and eyelids, and also checks visual acuity and other parameters that give him information about the functioning of the visual analyzer. An examination by an ophthalmologist includes:
The essence of the study is as follows. The patient sits on a chair located at a distance of 5 meters from a well-lit table mounted on the wall. The doctor gives the patient a special flap and asks him to cover one eye with it, but not to close it completely ( that is, do not close your eyelids). The patient should look at the table with his other eye. Next, the doctor begins to point to the letters in various rows of the table ( first to larger ones, then to smaller ones), and the patient must name them. The result is considered satisfactory when the patient easily ( without squinting) will be able to read letters from 10 ( above) table row. In this case, we are talking about one hundred percent vision, which the ophthalmologist records in the patient’s chart. Next, he asks to cover the other eye with a shutter and repeats the procedure in the same way.
When examining children younger age (who can't read yet) tables with images of animals, plants and other objects are used. At the same time, for the examination of deaf-mute patients, instead of letters, the tables depict circles with a cutout on one side ( right, left, top or bottom). During the examination, the patient must indicate to the doctor which side the notch is located on.
The essence of the procedure is as follows. The bright lights in the room are turned off, and the patient sits on a chair opposite the doctor. The doctor brings an ophthalmoscope to the patient's eye ( a device consisting of a light source and a magnifying lens) and directs light through the pupil into the eye being examined. Light rays hit the fundus of the eye and are reflected from it, as a result of which the doctor, through a magnifying glass, can observe various structures in this area - the retina, fundus vessels, optic nerve head ( the place in the fundus of the eye where nerve fibers of photosensitive cells leave the eyeball and travel to the brain).
Fundus examination helps in diagnosing:
It is worth noting that these drugs cannot be used if you have glaucoma, since pupil dilation can lead to blockage of the outflow tract intraocular fluid and provoke an increase in intraocular pressure. The doctor must also inform the patient that for a certain time after the procedure the patient may experience pain or burning in the eyes when exposed to bright light, and will also not be able to read books or work at the computer. The fact is that the drugs used to dilate the pupil also temporarily paralyze ciliary muscle, responsible for changing the shape of the lens when viewing nearby objects. As a result of this, the lens is flattened as much as possible and fixed in this position, that is, a person will not be able to focus vision on a nearby object until the effect of the drug wears off.
To measure IOP, the ophthalmologist uses a special tonometer - a cylindrical weight weighing 10 grams. The essence of the study is as follows. After instilling a local anesthetic solution into the patient's eyes ( a drug that temporarily “turns off” the sensitivity of the eyes, as a result of which they will not respond to touch foreign objects to the cornea) the patient lies down on the couch face up, directing his gaze strictly vertically and fixing it on some point. Next, the doctor tells the patient not to blink, after which he places the surface of the cylinder on his cornea ( tonometer), which was previously coated with special paint. Upon contact with wet ( moisturized) the surface of the cornea washes off some of the paint from the tonometer. After a few seconds, the doctor removes the cylinder from the patient’s eye and presses its surface onto special paper, on which a characteristic imprint in the form of a circle remains. At the end of the study, the doctor uses a ruler to measure the diameter of the resulting circle-imprint, based on which he establishes the exact intraocular pressure.
To check color perception, the ophthalmologist uses special tables. Each of them depicts numerous circles of various sizes, colors ( mostly green and red) and shades, but similar in brightness. Using these circles, a certain image is “masked” in the picture ( number or letter), and a person with normal vision can easily see it. At the same time, for a person who does not distinguish colors, recognizing and naming an “encrypted” letter will be an impossible task.
If necessary, the ophthalmologist may prescribe:
An ophthalmologist may prescribe:
Using glasses or contact lenses you can correct:
It is also worth noting that a certificate from an ophthalmologist may be needed in some other circumstances ( for example, to obtain a permit to carry a firearm, to obtain a driver's license, etc.). In this case, an examination by an ophthalmologist does not differ from that during a regular medical examination ( the doctor evaluates visual acuity, visual fields and other parameters). If during the examination the specialist does not identify any abnormalities in the patient’s organ of vision, he will issue an appropriate conclusion ( certificate). If the patient is diagnosed with a decrease in visual acuity, a narrowing of the visual fields, or any other deviation, the doctor may prescribe appropriate treatment, but in the conclusion he will indicate that to this person It is not recommended to engage in activities that require 100% vision.
It is worth noting that free ophthalmologist services compulsory medical insurance policy (compulsory health insurance) are found only in state medical institutions ( clinics and hospitals). All ophthalmologist consultations and visual analyzer examinations performed in private medical centers, are paid.
The reason for a medical check-up with an ophthalmologist may be:
The reason for hospitalization may be severe course the patient's existing disease ( for example, retinal detachment in several places) or development of complications of the underlying disease ( for example, retinal hemorrhage, penetrating injury to the eyeball with damage to adjacent tissues, and so on). In this case, the patient is placed in a hospital, where he will be under constant medical supervision throughout the entire period of treatment. Before the operation, all studies necessary for an accurate diagnosis and determination of the surgical plan are performed. After surgical treatment, the patient also remains under medical supervision for several days, which allows for timely identification and elimination of possible complications (for example, bleeding).
After discharge from the hospital, the doctor gives the patient recommendations regarding further treatment and rehabilitation, and also sets dates for follow-up consultations, which will allow you to monitor the recovery process and identify possible late complications.
At home, an ophthalmologist can perform:
The ophthalmologist may refer the patient for consultation:
After making a diagnosis, the doctor prescribes to the patient various methods of correction and treatment of his existing disease. These methods include both conservative and surgical measures. For therapeutic purposes, an ophthalmologist may prescribe:
Surgical treatment in ophthalmology may be required:
