When choosing how to get from point A to point B, we take into account 2 factors - speed and safety. Long trips narrow your choice vehicle. Today we will discuss the degree of danger of popular modes of transport.
“What is the safest transport?” – this was the question asked by VTsIOM sociologists. Monitoring was carried out for 3 years. Throughout this time, the opinion of Russians has remained virtually unchanged. Considered safe:
It is interesting to see how people's attitudes towards air travel have changed. In 2011, only 22% of respondents named the plane as the safest mode of transport. On next year the number increased to 33%, and in 2013 it fell to 16%.
The director of the center, V. Fedorov, notes that information influences the indicators. Major plane crashes in 2013 caused a decline in citizens' trust in aircraft.
Official data differs from the position of ordinary Russians. First, let's find out how the mortality rate is determined different means movement.
There are several methods. The most accurate and widespread calculation is the number of deaths per 100 million km or 160 million miles.
Each transport group contains the safest types of cars, motorcycles, etc. But the average version “as a whole” is taken. American statistical bureau DERT in 2000. This is how the overall mortality rate was calculated:
Based on the flight coefficient of 0.5, a person needs to fly 200 million km before (according to statistics!) an accident occurs. According to statistics, the safest mode of transport is an airplane. It is followed by rail and water transport. In order not to be unfounded, I will take the latest reports as a basis.
Aviation-safety.net has been tracking aviation accidents since 1996. From June 1 to November 1, 2017, 117 aircraft crashed or made an emergency landing around the world, killing 279 people.
In the first five months of this year, in Russia alone, 5,770 people died as a result of road accidents and another 71,461 were injured. Even the safest cars are unable to reduce this number.
According to regnum.ru, over 5 months, trains had the worst results: 41 people died, 172 were injured.
Airplanes take off every 3 seconds. Therefore, the figures are quite comparable and give general idea about the number of victims over the same period of time. Every year, about 1,000 people die from air transport crashes, railway- up to two thousand.
A car cannot be called the safest means of transportation. In addition, the idea that it is impossible to survive a plane crash is also wrong. If you look at the incident registration resource table, you can see that in most cases there were no casualties. For every 500 disasters in the United States over 20 years, there were 5% of fatalities.
If we take only major crashes from the total, the mortality rate will be about 50%.
In 2007, Popular Mechanics magazine named the safest seats on an airplane. Journalists analyzed data from the US National Security Council for 30 years. They drew attention to the dependence of the number of victims on location.
The number of aircraft survivors as a result of accidents, depending on the landing site Almost 70% of the survivors remain in the section beyond the edge of the aircraft's wing. 56% of those sitting above the wing survive. The main impact of a collision with the ground falls on the nose of the liner, so the tail is relatively safe.
There are also statistics on the safest planes. Here are the top five:
Interesting fact: The Boeing 747 is officially certified to fly without 1 engine (out of 4). Those. in case of failure, he can safely continue the flight to his destination, without emergency landings.
The Boeing 777 is considered the safest aircraft in the world. The total flight time of 748 aircraft since 1995 has amounted to more than 20 million hours. 3 people died in two incidents. One ship has been lost in its entire history. It is important to understand that the rating is compiled without taking into account military operations and terrorist attacks.
Oddly enough, the car we are used to is one of the most dangerous means movement, second only to motorcycles. Let's think about our safety in the car. The resource testauto.ru publishes data from the largest companies conducting crash tests. Based on this rating, we will determine the safest cars.
In the general rating column, Volkswagen Passat, Volvo XC-90, Toyota RAV-4, Toyota Prius, Mercedes E-class and C-class, Lexus GS, Jeep Grand Cherokee receive “excellent”.
Such popular brands as BMV 3 Series, Dodge Caliber, Honda Accord VI, Honda Civic Hathback V, Honda CR-V, Volvo S-70 and S-80 and a number of other cars passed the “good” test.
The main criteria for grading are frontal and side impacts, rollovers, and child safety. You can familiarize yourself with other grades in detail on the specified website, but we have listed all the excellent students. The source calls the Volvo XC90 the safest car in the world with reference to EuroNCAP specialists. The device dialed maximum quantity stars
Interestingly, the rating system of some crash tests includes a “pedestrian” rating. Unfortunately, if you look at the table it becomes clear: these road users are practically not protected by anything. Be careful on the roads!
Do you know what is the safest place in a car? Most people are convinced that it is behind the driver's seat. If a vehicle is hit on the side, the driver and the passenger sitting behind will have equal chances of survival.
The center of the vehicle is least susceptible to damage in an accident. That's why The middle between the two rear seats is considered the safest place in the car.
It is least dangerous to occupy central places public transport. The logic is similar: highest probability collisions with cars moving on the left. Accordingly, passengers sitting by the window will be under attack.
It is also not recommended to sit in the back four rows. In the first seats it is better to sit behind driver's seat, especially if the seats are located with their backs facing the direction of travel. The middle of the cabin remains the safest place on the bus.
This article discusses one option for calculating safety, from the point of view of passenger kilometers. The question can be resolved based on the number of deaths per billion hours. Then, buses will come out in first place, and planes will come down to third. If we take a billion trips as a basis, trains will become the leader, air travel will take seventh place.
All methods have advantages and disadvantages. Statisticians use various algorithms. It’s enough for us to know: it’s safer to travel over short distances by land, and over long distances – by air. Well, the safest transport is a spaceship. He is beyond competition in any case. In the entire history of space exploration, 18 people have died.
We introduced you to transport safety calculation systems and introduced you to the course of sociological surveys. Now, the floor is yours. Which means of transportation is preferable for you? We are waiting for your comments!
Calculate, what type of transport is the safest, not so simple. To build a beautiful and visual graph, at least two indicators are required - the number of dead or injured, as well as the number of people who use this type of transport. For air, rail and water transport, this data is not difficult to find, because thanks to tickets, every person is taken into account. But there are problems with automobile transport. It is not possible to track the movements of the average Russian from work, to work and to the store - no one registers at the doorstep of their home.
Our transport safety rating according to statistics for 2018 was compiled using various sources - from data from the National Union of Insurers, which keeps statistics of registered insurance cases from 2012 to the present, to data on transport accidents on the Rosstat website.
> 200 deaths per 1.6 billion km
Although the number of accidents involving motorcyclists has decreased by more than 70% since 2005, the motorcycle is still one of the most dangerous species transport. According to statistics, it turns out that every 1.6 billion km of travel is paid for with the lives of more than two hundred drivers and their passengers.
A motorcycle, like another two-wheeled vehicle - a bicycle - is characterized by increased vulnerability, so accidents involving motorcyclists are highly likely to end sadly. The reason is non-compliance with traffic rules, and, surprisingly, the fundamental refusal of some drivers to use a helmet.
5.75 people per 1.6 billion km
Personal cars are in second place in terms of the number of road accidents. In just 1.6 billion km of travel, at least 5.75 people die.
The reasons include the reluctance of drivers to comply with traffic rules, the condition of the road surface, the increased wear and tear of the vehicle fleet due to the crisis and the deterioration of the purchasing power of the population. And also (due to the increase in the average age of life) and the aging of drivers. All these factors together serve as a guarantee that road transport in Russia will not be safe for a long time.
9.4 deaths per 1 million passengers
Among air transport, the greatest danger to human life is not international transportation, but intercity transportation. Especially if a person in a helicopter is forced to go to those lands where even the notorious Makar prefers not to send his calves. Perhaps this is what explains such a high number of casualties among helicopter passengers. For every 1 million people, at least 9.4 are injured. You will have to fall from a great height, and, with a high degree of probability, the injuries will be incompatible with life.
5 deaths per 1.5 billion km
Minibus taxis cannot be called the safest type of transport in Russia. According to statistics, every 1.5 billion km of route traveled by a minibus is paid for by five human lives. Among the reasons can be cited both the work of drivers for wear and tear, and design flaws of minibuses, the condition of the roads, unwillingness to comply with traffic rules and drunk driving.
2.84 victims per 1 million transported
There were several major incidents involving intercity buses in 2018, including a tragic incident in Voronezh region when two buses collided, five people died and 17 were injured. In general, according to statistics, intercity and international buses are not very safe - for every million passengers transported, at least 2.84 are injured or killed in accidents. In total for 2018, trips to intercity buses brought death to more than 600 passengers, and injured more than 13 thousand people.
2.3 accidents per 1 million passengers
This category includes both international ships and domestic river carriers. In total, in 2018, 62 incidents occurred during sea and river travel, which ended tragically for five people. In general, according to NSS statistics, for every million passengers transported, there are 2.3 accidents.
Passengers on sea and river vessels are threatened not only by the elements of water, but also by fire. One of common reasons transport accidents - a sudden fire on board a ship, usually caused by a faulty electrical wiring. This is not surprising, given that Russia's domestic fleet is in poor condition, with almost a third of the vessels celebrating 40 years of service.
Chance of dying: 1:11,000,000
The safest transport in the world, however, in Russia it is not possible to obtain accurate statistics on the number of accidents per number of passengers. Data from the National Society of Insurers, which we relied on when assessing the danger of other modes of transport, are not available for them. The reason is the peculiarities of the insurance system in Russia; most air transport companies carry their passengers not only around the country, but also beyond its borders. Therefore, they use international insurance policies.
This is why an airplane is the safest mode of transport: according to statistics, The chances of dying in an accident on board an airplane are 1 in 11 million. For comparison, the chances of being struck by lightning while walking in a thunderstorm are 16 times higher!
0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers
This category includes both intercity and international trains, as well as regular commuter trains. In general, for 2018 the statistics for Russian Railways look excellent - for almost the entire year, from January to November, only seven incidents were recorded. Unfortunately, there were some deaths - one person died. In general, there are no more than 0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers.
More and more people prefer to use one of the safest modes of transport, and this cannot be explained by price alone. Indeed, for some destinations the cost of plane and train tickets is almost equal. According to the Russian Railways website, for 2018 on trains long distance Almost 8% more passengers were transported than last year. And the increase in the number of passengers on electric trains amounted to almost 3%.
0.09 cases per million transported
The trolleybus is in second place in terms of safety among modes of transport in Russia. According to NSS statistics, for every million passengers transported there are only 0.09 accidents. Most of them are banal “stumbled and fell.”
The reasons for the low trauma rate of a trolleybus are very simple - its volume and weight, as well as its low speed. In a collision, for example, with a passenger car, the car will suffer much worse. And the trolleybus passengers will get away with minor bruises.
0.04 victims out of 1,000,000 people
The safest transport according to statistics for 2018 in terms of the ratio of the number of accidents to the number of passengers. In total, out of one million people arriving from point A to point B, no more than 0.04 people are injured. In addition to safety, the tram has many advantages:
Unfortunately, trams are gradually disappearing from small towns in Russia. The reason is the limited local budget, which simply cannot support a separate line. In just the past twenty years, the number of trams has decreased by more than 35%. Does this mean that the safest form of transport will gradually disappear from the urban landscape?
We studied many official statistics sites and found out that there is no clear answer to such a seemingly simple question, but still we compiled this rating, taking into account all the conclusions and all the principles of calculation.
Let's start with the fact that the complexity of risk calculation arises from the first minute of calculations, from the question of what indicator to calculate. If we take the total number of deaths from accidents for a specific type of transport, we get an obvious answer, because thousands of people in every country in the world, including pedestrians, die in car accidents every year. Unlike a train or an airplane, where no more than 1,000 people die per year worldwide, incidents with this type of transport lead to a large number victims, but they occur relatively rarely, no more than 2-3 every year. But if most of us do not travel by plane and train every day, then by car or bus, almost every day.
Basically there are three possible ways calculations of transport risks, in terms of distance (deaths per billion km), number of trips (deaths per billion trips) or travel time.
Stakeholders typically choose the form of calculation of statistics according to their own purposes.
For example, in the airline industry, they almost always choose a method based on calculations in kilometers, which is optimal for them, since most fatalities occur during landing and takeoff, and the distances in between are large. For land transport, on the contrary, there will be a tendency to choose a method based on calculating sacrifices per number of trips or hours of travel, since the risks are evenly distributed. Thus, both modes of transport are able to demonstrate that they are the safest mode of transport.
Statistics are based on data from the statistical bureau DETR (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions - American bureau 2000). They record the number of deaths per billion km, the number of trips and travel times.
1. Air travel 0.05
2. Buses 0.4
3. Railway 0.6
3. Minibuses (Van) 1,2
4. Water transport 2.6
5. Cars 3.1
6. Bicycles 44.6
7. Walking 54.2
8. Motorcycle 108.9
It is clear that you can’t walk very far, and there are a lot of accidents with pedestrians on the road.
1. Buses 4.3
2. Rail transport 20
3. Minibuses (Van) 20
4-5. By car and on foot 40
6. Water transport 90
7. Air travel 117
8. Bicycle 170
9. Motorcycle 1640
1. Buses 11.1
2. Railway 30
3. Air transport 30.8
4. Water transport 50
5. Minibuses (Van) 60
6. Car 130
7. Walking 220
8. Bicycle 550
9. Motorcycle 4840
And as we already wrote in the article, about . Over the past 10 years, the number of serious incidents in air transport has fallen by 36%. The mortality rate during air travel is 1 death per 1 million passengers. As a result, the chances of dying in a car are now 62 times higher than while flying on an airplane, say experts from the Ascend agency. Which raises accordingly air transport in the rating, in any of the calculations, both on the number of trips and on the time of movement. And based on the time of movement, it bypasses railway transport.
Conclusions safe transport It doesn’t happen, due to the large number of vehicles, crossing the streets is also quite dangerous, but no matter what, you should refrain from such a type of transport as a motorcycle. Since the statistics were taken from the American bureau, it is worth making adjustments for our countries; our minibuses are just as unsafe as regular cars. And the airlines are quite reliable, ().
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An upcoming trip to another city or a trip to the sea makes people think about what type of transport to prefer. And here some will choose the train, believing that it is safer, while others will fly by plane, spending less time traveling. What type of transport is actually considered the safest?
Opinion polls conducted over the past few years tend to show the same results. Of all modes of transport, passengers consider the train to be the safest.
Airplanes are among the most dangerous. Opinions regarding car travel are divided approximately equally. In relation to maritime transport, the public tends to classify it rather as in a safe way movement. But this is only the opinion of passengers who are unlikely to study statistical data on accidents, disasters and deaths associated with them.
If people put airplanes first as the most dangerous way movement, then the statistics say quite the opposite. The statistical data is compiled in such a way that the mortality rate (number of people killed) per 160,000,000 km of distance traveled is taken as the basis. So during flights this parameter is only 0.6-0.7 people. Railway transport is given second place in terms of safety - the mortality rate per 160,000,000 km of track is 0.9 people. The number of deaths in road accidents is 1.6 people. Therefore, we can conclude that the airplane is the safest mode of transport, and road transport is recognized as the most dangerous.
If you still doubt that flying is less dangerous than driving a car, then here are some more facts. In 2014, there were several plane crashes in the world that claimed 884 human lives. And in our country alone, in the first six months of 2014, more than 10,000 people died in car accidents. So which transport will be safer? The answer is still obvious. Therefore, before your trip, you should weigh the pros and cons, giving preference to one or another type of transport. And to get rid of the fear of flying (if anyone has any), here are some aviation facts.
1) An aircraft lands every three seconds around the world.
2) Donkeys kill more people than plane crashes.
3) If the chance of a daily disaster is at least 0.01 percent, then at least 13 planes should crash per day.
4) A plane crash cannot be an accident - it is always a combination of certain factors.
5) Before each flight, the aircraft undergoes a strict inspection and complex technical condition check.
6) Over 80 percent of people on our planet are afraid to fly on airplanes, and 5 percent categorically refuse to do so, preferring trains or ships.
7) A plane cannot fall from a height of 10,000 km, as many fear. There is a lot of pressure under the wings of an airplane, so it floats in the air in the same way as a car on asphalt.
8) Russian pilots do not drink at the controls - this is an invention of those people who are very afraid of flying.
Reading these facts may help reduce aerophobia. However, they are unlikely to be able to help those five percent of people who do not want to board the plane at all under any pretext.
Every person regularly makes business trips or leisure trips. But when choosing a method of transportation, few people focus specifically on protecting their own lives during the trip. Most focus on speed, comfort and prestige. And in vain, because human life and health should come first. Therefore, we will consider all the possibilities of movement and determine the safest mode of transport.
The safest mode of transport in the world can be determined according to several criteria:
The opinion of world statisticians agrees that it is safest to travel by plane. They drew this conclusion from the negligible proportion of accidents in the sky, relatively total number completed flights. There are only 0.6 fatalities per 100 million miles. At the same time, about 30 million flights are sent annually, of which about 20 end in disaster. We should not forget that half of these aircraft are cargo, and only 10 are passenger.
It's hard to disagree with the exact mathematics, but the chances of surviving an airliner crash are practically zero. Thus, we can conclude that the probability of getting into a plane crash is not high, but if such a fate occurs, death cannot be avoided. Although there are also exceptions to this rule. Modern advanced technology is designed to cope with an emergency landing on water.
As practice shows, internal research A specific country may provide data that differs from international ones. Thus, the safest form of transport in Russia is the train. According to official statistics from the State Statistics Committee for 2017, there were 0 deaths among those traveling on the train, although 1,626 pedestrians were killed by trains. It turns out that movement by rail inside the train does not pose any threat. The same cannot be said about those who enjoy walking along the paths. Such places are most attractive for teenagers.
In addition to deaths due to one’s own negligence, there were also those that followed accidents.
The most common causes of railway accidents:
Unfortunately, not all trains are in good technical condition. Even the painstaking work of engineers cannot compensate for the wear and tear of parts. Currently in Russian Federation A project has been launched aimed at improving the safety of an industry such as railway transport.
Unfortunately, the mortality statistics for airplane passengers are not as encouraging as those on the railway. Russia is one of the three so-called leaders in the number of deaths due to aircraft crashes. In addition, this number also includes the USA and Canada. Over a period of 30 years, 307 domestic airliners crashed, killing 7,061 victims on board.
Accidents in the sky never happen due to just one specific reason.
In order to completely lose control of an airplane, a number of circumstances must occur:
A miscalculation by the dispatcher can cause quite unpredictable consequences, because in the airspace, as on the roads, there are clear routes. Precipitation, fog, and wind are also considered unfavorable for flights. But the most dangerous thing is the malfunction of the airliner. Although engineers anticipate emergency situations and develop backup control systems in this case, the confluence of all three factors is extremely risky.
Traveling by bus means that a person completely trusts his own life to the driver. If we talk about general accident statistics on the roads, which includes all types of ground transport, then it speaks of 194 thousand victims and 17.2 thousand victims from accidents. fatal for 2017. This high number is due to human error and vehicle failure.
IN lately The number of accidents involving passenger buses has increased. Serious incidents occur several times a month, sometimes resulting in death. According to statistics, it is in the summer that such cases become more frequent and decrease closer to winter. About 5 thousand accidents involved buses, killing 290 people and injuring 7,700. In 2016, this figure was slightly lower and totaled 214 deaths. Due to the growing trend of the negative coefficient, the head of the traffic police, Mikhail Chernikov, commented on the situation and promised to take the situation under his own control.
The most common causes of road accidents are:
To reduce the number of accidents, every driver must drive responsibly, since not only own life, and also other people.
It would seem that nothing could be safer than spaceships. They are built from ultra-dense materials and undergo thorough engineering testing, but, alas, the shuttles cannot provide 100% reliability. Accidents on satellites occur periodically and most often they can no longer be repaired. As for the spacecraft themselves, 16 people died throughout the world during the flights, 4 of them Soviet.
The most common causes of disasters were:
At the stage of space tourism, it is important to take into account all the aspects and dangers of such travel, but the high cost of the flight is beyond the means of the majority of the population.
According to polls social organizations, half of people consider water transport dangerous for movement. This opinion is not justified by statistics. Sea and river vessels rank second in terms of safety in Russia. The peculiarity of this type of travel is that the lion's share of passengers die precisely because of the human factor.
This situation is due to minimal protection of passengers from impacts and damage. IN best case scenario the racer will be dressed in a special suit and helmet, but they don’t always save you. Drivers of this particular vehicle are 29 times more likely to get into accidents than, for example, a motorist.
For some, this type of movement is also fun, similar to Russian roulette. But common sense suggests a fairly high probability of dying while driving a bike: for those who travel 24 kilometers daily, this is 1/860. If we consider accidents in one area, then about 6-7 thousand car accidents occur per year, 250-350 people die and 7-9 thousand are seriously injured.
Of course, the rhythm of modern life is impossible without long-distance travel, and there is no way to completely protect yourself from it. But compliance is possible elementary rules self-preservation, which greatly increases the chances of salvation and preservation of health in extreme situation. And for complete peace of mind, you can choose the safest form of transport according to statistics - the train.
