Chronic giardiasis in an adult is an expected transition to an acute form in the absence of treatment. Features– periodic occurrence of relapses. Chronic giardiasis in adults is aggravated by bloating, pain symptoms in the epigastric region, with liquefied stools.

Important! The course of the disease does not always cause concern, but complications in the form of secondary intestinal fermentopathy make one think about treatment. Giardia in humans causes a change in the intestinal microbiocenosis, which provokes the spread of the microbe staphylococcus, fungus, and the liver enlarges. Structural changes internal organs, mucous membranes, decreased immunity increase the risk of infection with systemic infectious pathologies that require long-term and expensive therapy.

Routes of infection

There are three ways to become infected with Giardia:

Symptoms of giardiasis

When considering the symptoms of giardiasis, you should add such signs as:

• Decreased appetite and, as a result, sudden weight loss;
• Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia;
• Increased rumbling in the stomach, bloating, sometimes sharp pain in the gastrointestinal tract;
• Heartburn, belching;
• Pain in the right hypochondrium;
• Increased swelling, high sweating;
• Excessive pallor skin, sometimes dryness, flaking of the skin;
• General state of fatigue, sleep disturbance;
• Nervous tics, depression, breakdowns.

Manifestations of the pathology can be supplemented by migraines, severe cheilitis of the lips with seizures, cracks and peeling around the oral area.

Treatment of giardiasis in adults

Important! The second stage of treatment should be repeated. Therapy is carried out after 7-10 days; in advanced cases, multiple repetitions of anti-giardiasis therapy are allowed, but with the same (7-10 days) interval and only according to the preliminary assessment of a specialist. The treating doctor can choose what and how to poison Giardia; the symptoms and treatment of each repeated stage of therapy may vary.

1. Final stage consists of restoring normal intestinal functionality, increasing immunity and creating conditions that prevent the proliferation of cysts in the intestines, gall bladder, and liver. Destination:

• diet therapy including pureed vegetables, fruits, fermented milk products;
• decoctions and tinctures of herbs, for example, a decoction of birch buds and bearberry seeds;
• bacterial preparations to eliminate dysbiosis and prevent secondary intestinal fermentology;
• enzymatic preparations.

Important! Despite the favorable prognosis, relapses are possible. Therefore, long-term monitoring of the effectiveness of treatment is recommended.

Treatment of giardiasis with folk remedies

Herbs, tree bark, flowers and plant fruits are well suited for healing from Giardia. Folk remedies are also used as prescribed by a doctor; self-medication is dangerous to the patient’s health. How to get rid of Giardia using folk remedies:

1. Acute giardiasis. Place spicy cloves and sunflower oil in a 1:1 ratio in a dark glass bottle and place in a dark, cool place for 10 days (not in the refrigerator). Take 40 ml for 14 days immediately after sleep.
2. Chronic giardiasis. Three drops essential oil Mix bergamot in 1 tbsp. l. honey and eat on an empty stomach. For 1 tbsp. take 1 liter of water and boil dandelion roots in a water bath for 15 minutes. Strain the broth, add 1 tbsp. boiled water and drink 0.3 tbsp. three times a day before meals for 14 days.
3. Intestinal giardiasis. Grate the horseradish and beets, combine the vegetables in a 1:1 ratio, pour vegetable oil, stand for 3 hours and take 1 tbsp. l. on an empty stomach before meals. In this way, cysts in the blood are eradicated and the intestines are completely cleansed.
4. How to treat Giardia in adults in the liver? Pour a glass of oat straw into a liter of water and cook in a water bath without boiling for 2 hours. Strain the broth and drink a glass throughout the day. Therapy lasts at least 14 days.
5. Appendicular giardiasis is treated by mixing dandelion flowers, celandine, fennel, corn silk - a total volume of 1/3 cup. Pour a glass of boiling water and simmer over low heat for 10 minutes. Drink the entire volume of the strained broth during the day. Course 14 days.
6. Garlic helps well against Giardia. You need to take 250 gr. cloves and pass them through a press. Pour the slurry into 1 liter of vodka without additives, leave for 10 days in a dark place and drink 20 grams. before meals.
7. Honey with plantain helps remove Giardia. For 1 tbsp. fresh leaves passed through a meat grinder, an equal amount of honey is obtained (equal to the volume of the resulting gruel). Mix and take 1 tbsp. l. before meals three times a day. Treatment 30 days.
8. Tansy for giardiasis is taken in the form of a decoction: 30 g. pour half a liter of water over the flowers, leave for 2 hours and drink 0.5 cups three times a day before meals.

Important! Treatment of Giardia with folk remedies is unacceptable without the prior recommendation of a specialist. Only a doctor diagnoses the pathology, collecting tests, identifying the presence of cysts in the stool, and determines how to treat giardiasis in adults. Complex forms of the disease manifest themselves on the skin in the form of dermatitis, which requires the use of antihistamines.

Diet for giardiasis

When determining how to cure the pathology, the specialist recommends following a diet. At the first stage, you should not take foods high in simple carbohydrates: cereals, dairy products, pasta, sausages. Complex carbohydrate foods are allowed in the form of water-based porridges, fermented milk products, vegetables, and fruits.

Prohibited for use:

• alcohol;
• baked goods, confectionery products;
• hot spices;
• canned food;
• smoked meat, sausages, dried meat and fish;
• fried foods.

Restrictions apply to fresh vegetables and fruits - the quantity should not be excessive so as not to provoke flatulence. You can eat lean meats, poultry, fermented milk products, rice and buckwheat in the form of porridges with water. It is very good to include dried fruits, sour vegetables, citrus fruits, fruit drinks and herbal tinctures in your diet. Food should be taken in small portions up to 5 times a day, it is advisable to drink a sour drink before meals.

Prevention of giardiasis - hygiene. Prevention of infection, a menu of light dishes and consultation with a specialist - the main parameters complete healing from pathology.

When Giardia enters the large intestine, the conditions of which are unfavorable for it, they take the form of cysts excreted in feces. Despite the fact that cysts are deprived of their habitat, they remain active and can become a source of infection.

It is known that Giardia cysts remain viable for up to two months if the ambient temperature is no more than fifty and no less than zero degrees Celsius.

Anatomy

Giardia exists in two forms, which transform into one another in the course of their life.

Cysts are round-shaped formations, slightly smaller than trophozoites. The cyst is a protective shell under which a young, not yet fully formed trophozoid is reliably preserved from unfavorable environmental factors.

How can you get infected?

Giardia cysts remain viable during external environment about 90 days. They enter the human body in the following ways:

Both mice and pets – dogs and cats – can carry cysts. We also need to mention flies, which are especially active in the summer months. In the warm season, it is also important to swim in reservoirs and use them as a source for domestic needs, which is unacceptable.

Forms of the disease

Giardiasis is characterized by several forms of diseases. According to the degree of activity and frequency of symptoms, acute and chronic forms are distinguished. Acute form characterized by rapid, noticeable development of giardiasis. It is in such cases that patients seek qualified help. The chronic form of giardiasis is disguised as the pathology of other diseases and is diagnosed by chance in most cases.

Forms of giardiasis:

• subclinical – occupies 50% of all cases;
• asymptomatic – 25%;
• manifest – up to 44%.

The last form of the disease also has its own classification. Depends on the location of Giardia.

1. Intestinal form of giardiasis in adults. Indigestion, dysbacteriosis, and gastrointestinal diseases are observed. These include gastroduodenitis, gastroenteritis, duodenitis, enteritis, and other inflammatory pathologies.
2. Biliary-pancreatic form. Associated with digestive and metabolic disorders, with clinical manifestations of inflammation of the biliary tract, and impaired bile discharge. The patient has problems with the gallbladder. Pathologies such as pancreatitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and biliary dyskinesia are diagnosed. Along with this, there is a disruption of the liver and an increase in its size.
3. Extraintestinal form of giardiasis. Causes toxicity - allergic symptoms. There is a change in blood composition, an increase in allergens that the body cannot cope with. Allergies manifest as skin rashes, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, eczema, acne on the face, back.
4. The mixed form of giardiasis in adults combines all of the above symptoms.

The clinical manifestation of symptoms depends on the presence of other chronic diseases in the body and general health.

Symptoms and first signs

Signs of the acute stage of giardiasis:

• severe dysentery - in this case, there are no inclusions of blood or mucus in the stool, which is characteristic of a common indigestion;
• flatulence - occurs due to a violation of the intestinal microflora;
• pain in the abdominal area, mainly in the upper part - the nature of the sensations is constantly changing: from aching to acute pain;
• general poor health - the body begins to gradually deplete.

Signs of chronic giardiasis:

When the first signs of the disease appear, it is worth undergoing an examination so that if the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment can be started in a timely manner.

Complications

Another unpleasant complication of giardiasis is vascular pathology. It is caused by manifestations vegetative-vascular dystonia as a result severe poisoning body.

Diagnostics

How to treat Giardia in adults

• Tinidazole (Tinogin, Ametin, Fazizhin). It will take 1-2 days to take the chosen drug. The effectiveness of treatment reaches 80%.
• Tiberal (Ornidazole). The drug can be taken in different regimens: one day, three days, five days and ten days. The effect even with one-day use reaches 92%.
• The drug Macmiror. The effectiveness of this drug reaches 96.8% after a week of use.

In this case, treatment of Giardia in adults is carried out in stages.

1) Preparatory stage before treatment of giardiasis. On preparatory stage must try mechanically remove from the intestines maximum quantity Giardia, and also remove intoxication from the body. During this time, the patient must adhere to a dietary diet.

To do this, the patient must follow the following recommendations:

1. Completely exclude sweets and carbohydrates from the menu, which are quickly absorbed;
2. Eat foods rich in fiber;
3. Eat protein foods;
4. Avoid whole milk and limit fat intake;
5. Eat according to the regime, go to fractional meals(5-6 times a day);
6. Drink more fluids, giving preference to sour fruit drinks and choleretic decoctions.

How to treat Giardia in adults - list of medications:

Drugs and dosage for the treatment of children are selected with special care, trying to minimize toxic effect medicines.

How to treat Giardia in children - medications:

• Flamin - 1/3 or 1/2 tablet three times a day, the course of treatment is designed for 10 days.
• Macmiror – used from 2 years of age at 15 mg per kg of child’s body weight, no more than 0.4 g in total. The course of treatment with 2 doses takes from 7 to 10 days.
• Intetrix - recommended for children from one year of age, the therapeutic dose is? -1-1? capsules three times a day.

3) Restoration of the body after treatment of giardiasis. The final stage of treatment is aimed at increasing the patient’s immunity and normalizing the intestinal microflora. To do this, he is prescribed vitamin and mineral complexes, intestinal bacteria, and enzyme preparations.

As a rule, the prognosis for giardiasis in adults is quite favorable. If the patient strictly follows all the doctor’s instructions, recovery is observed in 92-95% of cases. However, reinfection cannot be ruled out, so the patient should remain on dispensary observation for another 3-6 months. During this time, it must be examined at least 2 times.

Folk remedies

Here are some recipes:

1. Horseradish and garlic tincture. Garlic and horseradish are taken in equal proportions, peeled and crushed using a blender. Then 50 g of the mixture is placed in a previously prepared, clean container and filled with a bottle of vodka. Cover the container with a tight lid and leave in a dark place for a week. Ready tincture filter and take 1 tsp. half an hour before meals in the morning and evening. If the tincture seems too bitter, you can first dilute it with a small amount of water.
2. Pumpkin seeds. It is important to take non-store bought ones, in bags; gut the pumpkin. Grind 300 grams of raw materials with a mortar, transfer to a glass jar, add 50 grams of honey and water. Eat this entire mass on an empty stomach within an hour, take a laxative.
3. Tansy infusion. Brew 1 tablespoon of herb per glass of boiling water. Let the patient drink in small sips, 3-4 times a day.
4. Remedy for Giardia from oats. Pour 250 grams of oats with a liter of boiling water, put on fire, evaporate a little less than a quarter of the total volume. Drink a glass 4 times a day.
5. Rowan infusion. To cook remedy, dried rowan fruits (1 tsp) are poured with 200 ml of boiling water and left for 2 hours. Ready infusion consume before each meal in a volume of 100 ml.
6. Infusion corn silk. Pour a tablespoon of plant material into a glass of boiling water and leave for 3 hours. Drink a tablespoon four times a day.

Traditional recipes are quite effective; they can be included in complex therapy after consultation with your doctor.

Nutrition and diet

The diet for giardiasis in adults at the first, preparatory stage, is based on products that slow down the reproduction of giardia. It is recommended to limit the consumption of carbohydrates (flour dishes and sweets) to a minimum and give preference to protein foods and foods high in fiber. During this period, the patient needs to consume:

• Fresh and cooked vegetables
• Dried fruits
• Various cereals
• Lean meat
• Vegetable oil

At the third, recovery stage, the daily menu is based on products that improve intestinal motility. The diet includes:

• Boiled lean meat and lean fish
• Fermented milk products (kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese)
• Fruit and vegetable purees
• Porridge (oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley)
• Baked apples
• Fresh fruits and vegetables (cabbage, carrots, apples, pears)
• Berries (cranberries, lingonberries)
• Green

Bread, flour, confectionery and sweets, whole milk, and pasta should be completely excluded from the diet. It is recommended to refuse sausages, canned meat and animal fats. From cereals you can eat rice, buckwheat, pearl barley.

The patient must adhere to an increased drinking regime in order to quickly cleanse the body of toxins. It is useful to drink sour fruit drinks made from cranberries, lingonberries, green tea with lemon, fresh juices (carrot, beetroot, birch).

The first symptoms are not difficult to notice; they are very pronounced; travelers are usually susceptible to it.

Treatment of this pathology is necessary at the earliest early stages, because it is necessary to prevent loss of fluid in the body.

Therapist: Azalia Solntseva ✓ Article checked by doctor

Giardiasis in adults

Giardia is ubiquitous and can be found in soil, food and water, especially in areas with poor sanitary conditions and poor water quality. People of all ages are at risk of infection, however, children and travelers are most often affected.

Giardia can enter the body:

1. By being ingested from surfaces that may have been exposed to human or animal feces. The infection can also spread directly from person to person: through the fecal-oral route
2. When drinking water or using ice from contaminated sources: lakes, streams, or wells
3. When swallowing water while swimming or playing.
4. When eating contaminated food raw vegetables and fruits.
5. When traveling to regions where Giardia is most common.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Signs and symptoms of giardiasis in adult women

Clinical manifestations of giardiasis may differ among different people, depending on such important factors, such as the number of Giardia that entered the body, the duration of the infection, human immunity and much more.

The incubation period of the disease (the time from infection to the appearance of signs of giardiasis) usually ranges from 9 to 15 days. Sometimes giardiasis may not manifest itself, in which case the person is a carrier. The acute stage usually begins with a feeling of discomfort throughout the abdomen caused by nausea and lack of appetite. Early symptoms Fever and chills may also occur.

At the height of the disease, the most common symptom that appears in almost every person is profuse and watery diarrhea. With giardiasis, it has a particularly unpleasant odor.

Related frequent symptoms are: painful abdominal cramps, flatulence, bloating and vomiting.

Dehydration is a common accompaniment of diarrhea, and its severity depends on the amount of stool. Belching often occurs with bad taste. This stage Giardiasis lasts about 3-4 days.
Since it is quite difficult to identify pathology by symptoms such as itching of the skin, urticaria, as well as swelling of the eyes and joints, they are classified as complications of the disease.

For some people, the disease ends spontaneously; for others, it progresses to a subacute or chronic stage. According to the data obtained, 13% of infected adults and up to 50% of children are asymptomatic.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

How to identify chronic giardiasis

During this phase of giardiasis, chronic diarrhea may occur for two or more years. Giardia affects the lining of the small intestine, which impairs absorption and assimilation nutrients that we get from food.

Appear nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, headache and myalgia (muscle pain). These symptoms of giardiasis in adults are a consequence of anorexia and prolonged weight loss.

In people who live in or travel from endemic areas (with high risk Giardia infection), chronic giardiasis in adults in the acute stage is often impossible to establish, and these patients may live with constant or recurring mild or moderate symptoms Giardiasis, unaware of the seriousness of his condition. This makes diagnosing giardiasis difficult.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Effective treatment of pathology - stages

The main goal of nonspecific treatment of giardiasis is fluid replacement to prevent dehydration. For men, at least 3 liters per day, and for women about 2.5 liters.

Let's consider the main stages of recovery from pathology:

1. Effective treatment of giardiasis in adults in the first stage begins with diet therapy, which promotes possible removal Giardia from the intestinal lumen and the body, and also increases local immunity.
2. At the second stage, the actual antibacterial therapy at a rate determined by the doctor individually.
3. At the third stage of treatment, adherence to the prescribed diet continues, with an increased content of plant fiber. This helps improve intestinal motility and leads to a delay in the development of the remaining lamblia.

www.mayoclinic.org

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Drugs for the treatment of giardiasis

When signs and symptoms of illness are severe or infection persists long time, doctors usually treat giardiasis with drugs such as:

1. Metronidazole. The drug is the most commonly used antibiotic to treat giardiasis. It is usually taken 250 mg 3 times a day for 5-10 days. Side effects may include metallic taste in the mouth, nausea and a serious reaction to alcohol. It is safer for pregnant women to avoid this treatment.
2. Tinidazole (Tindamax). The drug acts similarly to metronidazole and has quite a few side effects, but it can be prescribed in single loading doses.
3. Nitazoxanide. Available in liquid form, for this reason the drug is easier to administer to children and infants. Side effects may include nausea, flatulence, yellowing of the sclera, and bright yellow urine.

Alternative drugs:

1. Paromomycin can be used for early stages pregnancy, due to its minimal effect on the unborn child, but, unfortunately, it is not always effective.
2. Quinacrine has extremely high efficiency in the fight against Giardia, but is poorly tolerated by many patients.
3. Furazolidone (furoxan). It is somewhat less effective than metronidazole and quinacrine. However, it is used in case of intolerance or ineffectiveness of metronidazole. Adverse reactions for this drug include gastrointestinal symptoms, fever, rash and sometimes hives. In adult patients, the dose is 100 mg 4 times a day for 7 days.

www.mayoclinic.org

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Diet for the treatment of giardiasis

A special diet for giardiasis in adults, which consists of various foods and supplements, helps reduce the severity of giardiasis, as well as slow down the growth and reproduction of giardia, and strengthen the resistance of the mucous wall of the small intestine.

These goals can be achieved through the use healthy food, high in fiber and low in fat. These foods include whole grain breads, cereals, rice and pasta, as well as lean meats and fish, eggs, fruits and vegetables. You shouldn't consume spicy food, dairy products, citrus fruits, alcohol, or caffeinated drinks for two to three days after symptoms disappear.

This diet will provide the intestines with sufficient amounts of soluble and insoluble fiber, which will help mechanically cleanse the intestines of Giardia. The diet should contain few simple carbohydrates (sugar, sweets, chocolate).

Limited consumption of such foods reduces the amount of sugars available in the intestinal lumen, which may reduce the influx of water into the lumen and reduce the severity of diarrhea.

Reducing your fat intake will help reduce the severity of nausea and diarrhea, as well as reduce steatorrhea (fat in the stool). Often with giardiasis, lactase production is reduced in small intestine, which leads to lactose intolerance and its subsequent diarrhea. Therefore, minimizing consumption

Dairy products containing lactose can reduce diarrhea, pain and bloating, as well as associated infections. Eating foods containing probiotics, such as kefir and yoghurt, helps improve microflora. It increases protective properties intestinal mucosa and improves local immunity.

Also, the diet should be gentle. In this case, you should refrain from eating spicy, salty, hot and other similar foods, which contribute to additional irritation and injury to the intestinal mucosa.

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Correct prevention of pathology

Medicines or vaccines will not prevent giardia infection.

Dangerous complications of the disease

Giardiasis and its complications almost never lead to fatal outcome, especially in industrialized countries, but may cause long-term symptoms and serious complications that reduce the quality of life and lead to temporary disability.

The most common complications are:

1. Dehydration. As a result of severe and profuse diarrhea, dehydration can occur when the body does not have enough water to perform its normal functions.
2. Developmental delay. Chronic diarrhea and damage to the intestinal mucosa can lead to impaired absorption and assimilation of nutrients, vitamins and microelements, which, in turn, can lead to a delay in physical and mental development in children and adolescents.
3. Lactose intolerance. Because many people with giardia infection become lactose intolerant, they are not unable to properly digest milk sugar. The problem may still persist for a long time after the infection has been cured.

In addition to the classic symptoms and complications, giardiasis can lead to eye complications, arthritis, allergies and myopathies. Long-term complications diseases may be ischemic disease heart and syndrome chronic fatigue, which appear several years after treatment of giardiasis.

www.mayoclinic.org

Represents a common infectious disease. The causative agents of the pathology are single-celled parasites that often live in the intestinal area (giardia).

Appear characteristic symptoms, with which it is important to promptly consult an infectious disease specialist. The specialist selects a safe treatment regimen after complete medical diagnostics, based on the results obtained.

Stages and degrees

Considering the course of the disease, the following stages of giardiasis are distinguished:

Name	Description
Asymptomatic	The pathology proceeds without pronounced signs. There is no discomfort.
Acute giardiasis	The disease is more common in people with low immunity. The clinical picture depends on the provoking factors. It could be a cold, overexertion or infection. The underlying disease develops quickly and severely.
Chronic form	Giardiasis is characterized by mild symptoms. Medical diagnosis is necessary to differentiate the disease. More often it is detected by chance.

In some situations, giardiasis manifests itself as secondary pathology, against the background of atopic dermatitis or celiac disease. It is important to determine the stage and extent of the disease, since the treatment regimen depends on the results obtained.

Symptoms

The following symptoms appear:

Name	Description
Dysentery	The stool is clean and there is no blood or mucus.
Flatulence	Increased gas formation is a consequence of disruption of beneficial microflora.
Abdominal pain	Cramps are felt more often in the upper abdomen. Pain syndrome manifests itself in attacks, has an aching or acute character.
Indigestion	Pathological changes in intestinal function provoke nausea and vomiting.
Feeling unwell	As a result of gradual exhaustion of the body, the general condition person. Sometimes feeling unwell is accompanied by elevated temperature bodies.

Giardiasis in adults at the acute stage lasts 2-3 weeks. In the absence of a timely and correctly selected treatment regimen, a chronic form of pathology develops.

The patient has noticeable seizures in the corners of his mouth, his lips become inflamed, and he develops aphthous stomatitis. Hair becomes thin and brittle, losing its natural beauty and health. Body weight also continues to decrease.

When clinical signs it is important to go to the hospital in a timely manner, undergo full examination and treatment selected by a specialist. Without therapy, the patient's condition will worsen due to the progressive development of Giardia. There is a high risk of complications.

Reasons for appearance

Giardia cysts persist in environment Another 3 months, once in a suitable environment, they actively develop.

Giardiasis in adults (the treatment regimen is selected based on the results of medical diagnostics) also appears after contact with pets (cats, dogs). Pathogenic microorganisms are carried by mice and flies. In summer, people especially often use reservoirs for domestic needs, which is strictly prohibited, or swim in unauthorized places.

Employees encounter giardiasis educational institutions(schools, kindergartens), medical workers and vacuum cleaners.

There are also certain factors that increase the risk of infection in the body:

• carbohydrate foods in large quantities;
• low stomach acidity;
• lack of protein foods in the diet and foods containing plant fiber;
• reduced body defenses;
• long-term treatment antibacterial drugs, which create favorable conditions for the development of pathogenic microflora.

Diagnostics

It is difficult to determine the disease only by external signs.

When to see a doctor

You should visit an infectious disease doctor as soon as the first signs of illness appear. Symptoms cannot be attributed to fatigue and increased performance. It is important to undergo a timely examination to establish accurate diagnosis and choose as much as possible effective treatment.

Progressive pathological processes will lead to the emergence serious consequences. Giardia will multiply and negatively affect the functioning of all internal organs and systems.

Prevention

Giardiasis in adults (the treatment regimen is selected by an infectious disease doctor, taking into account all the individual characteristics of the patient’s body and ongoing pathological processes) you can warn, just remember simple recommendations specialist:

It is also important to promptly treat giardiasis under the supervision of a specialist in order to prevent complications of the disease. There is always a risk reinfection body.

Treatment methods

Medicines

The doctor selects medications taking into account the diagnostic results and individual characteristics. human body. It is important to take medications strictly as prescribed or according to instructions. Many drugs provoke adverse reactions.

Group of drugs	Name	Application
Enterosorbents	"Polysorb", "Enterosgel"	The drugs reduce the signs of toxicosis. Taking into account body weight, patients are prescribed 0.5-2 tsp. for 1 appointment. The powder is pre-diluted in 0.5 tbsp. water.
Enzymes	"Creon", "Pancreatin"	The products improve the digestive process. Adults are recommended 1-2 drops. during every meal.
Antiallergic drugs	"Cetrin", "Loratadine"	The adult dosage is 10 mg 1 r. per day.
Antihistamines	"Furazolidone", "Albendazole"	Patients are prescribed 2 tablets. 3-4 r. per day for 5-7 days.

Additionally, the infectious disease doctor selects multivitamin complexes and probiotics to restore beneficial intestinal microflora (Bifiform, Linex).

Traditional methods

Therapy is carried out comprehensively, therefore folk remedies used with traditional drugs to achieve a therapeutic effect. The herbs used have a choleretic and astringent effect.

Effective recipes against giardiasis:

Name	Recipe	Application
Horseradish with garlic	Grind the products and mix in equal quantities. Place 50 g of the resulting mass in a glass container. Add a bottle of vodka. Close the lid tightly and leave for 1 week.	It is recommended to take the medicine 1 tsp. 30 minutes before meals 2 r. per day.
pumpkin seeds	Grind 300 g of seeds in a mortar. Transfer them to a glass container and add 50 g of water and honey.	It is recommended to consume the resulting mass immediately after preparation on an empty stomach, after which take a laxative.
Rowan	Pour boiling water (200 ml) over the dried fruits of the plant (1 tsp) and leave for 2 hours. Strain and take for medicinal purposes.	The finished infusion is taken on an empty stomach, 100 ml.
Herbal collection	Mix cinquefoil, mint, elecampane root and immortelle in equal proportions. Pour 2 tbsp. received herbal collection hot water(0.5 l). Close tightly in a thermos and leave to infuse overnight. Strain and take for medicinal purposes.	It is recommended to drink the finished medicine 100 ml 3 times a day. per day for at least a month.

Folk remedies help eliminate symptoms of intoxication and improve a person’s overall well-being. Their use should be discussed with your doctor. Many ingredients used can cause allergic reaction or cause complications.

Other methods

The diet is compiled by a nutritionist; it is important that the patient’s body receives everything essential vitamins and microelements. Additionally, during treatment, a person should adhere to drinking regime. Drink more clean fluids, as it removes toxins from the body. You can also drink green tea with lemon, but without sugar, or fresh juices and fruit drinks.

Possible complications

Vascular pathology is also serious complication Giardiasis. Against the background of severe poisoning of the human body, vegetative-vascular dystonia develops.

Giardiasis in adults is not dangerous disease, if therapy is started in a timely manner. The treatment regimen is selected by an infectious disease doctor after full diagnostics based on the results obtained.

It is important to stick to your appointments and also follow dietary food and remember about prevention. Paying close attention to your health will help prevent re-infection of the body and prevent complications.

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Video about giardiasis

Malysheva about the main symptoms of giardiasis:

Giardiasis is a protozoal invasion characterized by dysfunction of the small intestine or asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen.
The source of infection is predominantly human - a patient or a Giardia carrier.
Having the ability to adhere to the mucous membrane of the intestinal wall and sometimes multiplying in very large quantities, they can cause irritation of the small intestines, accompanied by the phenomena
Damage to the microvilli of the small intestine leads to disturbances in parietal digestion with the development of enzymatic and vitamin deficiency.

Etiology, pathogenesis.

The causative agent of giardiasis- intestinal flagellated protozoan - Lamblia intestinalis.
The terms are also used Giardia lamblia, Giardia intestinalis And Giardia duodenalis. It exists in the form of vegetative and cystic stages of development.
Giardia at the vegetative stage is pear-shaped, 8-18 µm long, 5-7 µm wide, has four pairs of flagella and a suction disc. In the external environment it quickly dies.
Giardia cysts remain viable in moist stool, depending on temperature, from a day to 3 weeks, and in clean water- up to 3 months. They survive for a long time on various food products, especially on wet ones. When drying out, immediate death of the cysts occurs. In a humid environment, they exhibit pronounced resistance to ultraviolet rays.

Aqueous solutions of Lysol and naphthalizol at 5% concentration kill them in feces after 30 minutes,

2% Lysol solution - for 1 hour. Food vinegar (9% acetic acid), even diluted in half with water, kills cysts within 5-10 minutes. They are chlorine resistant - 5% aqueous solution chloramine does not have a detrimental effect on Giardia cysts. However, with a dose of active chlorine of 30 mg/l, 62% of Giardia cysts die after 3 hours.

Ways of Giardia to enter the body.

1. Water– you can become infected by drinking insufficiently purified tap water or water from open reservoirs; the water route of infection is considered predominant;
2. Contact-household – pathogens accumulate on the surface of household items: dishes, linen, clothes, toys;
3. Food– sources of infection are a variety of food products, unwashed vegetables, fruits and berries, often food that has not undergone heat treatment;
4. Gate of infection- upper parts of the small intestine.
The infectious dose is more than 100 Giardia cysts. Most infected people do not show any symptoms. The vegetative form of Giardia can exist only on the surface of the mucous membrane upper section small intestine. Giardia cannot exist in the bile ducts (bile kills them). They can cause changes in the mucous membrane at the site of attachment and have reflex effects.

The course of giardiasis.

Acute stage lambda iosis .

Lasts 5-7 days. More common in children.
In some patients, giardiasis can drag on for months and is accompanied by malnutrition and weight loss. In most cases, the symptoms of the disease disappear spontaneously within 1-4 weeks.

At intestinal form giardiasis for the acute stage the disease is characterized by pronounced dyspeptic and abdominal syndromes.
Patients complain of periodic moderate pain in the right hypochondrium, around the navel and, less frequently, in the lower abdomen, belching, a feeling of fullness and a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, bloating and rumbling in the abdomen, and decreased appetite.

In children early age observed mushy stool many times during the day, less often -
Older children and teenagers complain of general weakness, fatigue, irritability, headaches, dizziness, bad dream, the appearance of tics, hyperkinesis in the form bad habits. Symptoms are often detected
Older children and adolescents experience short-term constipation

A significant proportion of children infectious-allergic changes appear on the skin or manifestations of exudative-catarrhal diathesis.
Since these symptoms are also characteristic of other diseases, therefore, in general, the diagnosis of the acute stage of giardiasis is not made, and therefore doctors deal with chronic stage giardiasis in children.

Chronic giardiasis .

More common in adults and children preschool age.
The disease can become chronic, occurring in the form of relapses: bloating, pain in the epigastric region, and sometimes loose stools periodically appear.
Chronic forms of giardiasis are observed mainly in preschool children and adults. It is characterized by a relapsing course.

In young children prevails intestinal form giardiasis mostly with functional disorders How secretory-enzymatic and evacuation-motor nature.
In older children age and teenagers, especially against the background immunodeficiency state, along with the intestines, the hepatobiliary system and pancreas are affected.

Complications of giardiasis.

Most common complications Giardiasis becomesand secondary intestinal fermentopathy.
With giardiasis, the intestinal microbiocenosis.
In the duodenum and small intestines microbes (usually staphylococcus) and fungi of the genus Candida appear, which normally should not be in the intestines.
These microorganisms, in turn, stimulate the process of lamblia reproduction. IN distal sections intestines, the amount of beneficial intestinal microflora decreases. Secondary intestinal fermentopathy develops.

With reduced immunity of the body, Giardia multiplies rapidly and, as a result, significant changes occur in the small intestine.

Except common symptoms, Giardiasis in adults is manifested by liver enlargement, intestinal dysbiosis and abdominal pain upon palpation in the area of ​​the right hypochondrium. There are also symptoms of giardiasis on the skin: pale skin, uneven coloring, dryness, atopic dermatitis, lesions of the lip border.

Diagnostics.
The diagnosis is made based on clinical picture and the results of the study of freshly isolated contents duodenum or loose stool(vegetative forms) or detection of cysts (in formed stool). Conducted microscopic examination native and Lugol's solution-stained smears from freshly excreted feces. It is possible to combine Giardia carriage with some other disease.

IN lately used for laboratory confirmation of giardiasis immunological research methods, based on the detection of pathogen antigens in feces or specific antigens in blood serum. Usage PCR for the detection of Giardia DNA in biological substrates is highly effective method diagnostics, but is mainly used to determine antibodies to Giardia.

TREATMENT OF GIARDIASIS.

Start treatment immediately with an anti-giardiasis drug inappropriate since this can lead to severe toxic-allergic reactions and exacerbations of the clinical manifestations of giardiasis. Before using antiprotozoal treatment, preparation of the body is necessary.

1st stage -- elimination of endotoxicosis and at improvement of intestinal enzymatic activity , promotion protective forces body. The duration of this stage is 2-4 weeks.

Prescribed:

• Choleretic drugs, since they, by reducing the stagnation of bile in the affected gallbladder, contribute to a more rapid elimination of inflammatory changes in it.
  Cholekinetics --- These drugs cause an increase tone of the gallbladder and reduce tone biliary tract:5% or 10% solutions of magnesium sulfate, egg yolks, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol.
• Cholespasmolytics -- cause relaxation of the bile ducts: n o-spa, duspatalin, platifillin, dry belladonna extract, barberry preparations, aminophylline, metacin, etc.
• Cleanses the biliary tract, gallbladder and intestines usingtubage according to G.S. Demyanov in young and older children and three or five times drainage in adolescents with an interval of two days.
• Enterosorbents -polyphepan (polyphan), smecta, reaban, polysorb MP, bilignin, etc.
• Enzymes (based on the results of the coprogram) - festal, enzistal, mezim-forte, pancreatin (Creon), bactisuptil, hilak-forte.

From antiprotozoal drugs most effective:

• Metronidazole ( trichopol, flagyl). Metronidazole is prescribed 0.25 g 3 times a day for 7 days or 0.8 g 3 times a day for 3 days, and for children - at the rate of 15 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day (the maximum daily dose for children under 10 years of age is 300 mg).
• Tinidazole 2.0 g once. Tinidazole is not recommended for the treatment of children under 5 years of age.
• Furozolidone 0.1 g 4 times a day for 5 days. children - at the rate of 10 mg/kg body weight; daily dose given in 3-4 doses, course - 7 days.
• McMiror (pifuratel) - a drug of the nitrofuran series, available in tablets of 200 mg, excreted from the body mainly by the kidneys. Adults are prescribed 400 mg 2-3 times a day for 7 days, children - 30 mg/kg body weight in 2 doses per day for 5-7 days.
• Ornidazole (tiberal) - a drug similar to metronidazole. Its high concentration in the blood plasma is created within 1-2 hours after oral administration. Adults and children weighing more than 35 kg are given 3 tablets once in the evening. For children weighing up to 35 kg, the drug is prescribed at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight once.
• Chloroquine (delagil) - Available in tablets of 0.26 g and ampoules of 5 ml of 5% solution. The drug has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and desensitizing effect. Adults are prescribed 0.25 g 3 times for 5-6 days.
• Paromomycin - an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside class, which is proposed for the treatment of pregnant women orally at a dose of 25-30 mg/kg daily in 3 doses for 5-10 days.

After 7-10 days, the 2nd course of anti-giardiasis therapy should be repeated.
In advanced cases, a 3rd course of treatment is also possible, also after a 7-10 day break.
To achieve the greatest effect, each course can be carried out with different drugs.

3rd stage - increasing the body's defenses and creating conditions that prevent the proliferation of Giardia in the intestines and gall bladder.
At stage III great value give the regime and nature of nutrition.

• To improve intestinal motility, beetroot, pumpkin, squash or carrot puree, boiled dried fruit puree (prunes, dried apricots), compote apples, baked apples, biokefir, bifidok, yogurt, fermented baked milk, ripe tomatoes, berries and fruits.

• In order to create an environment conducive to the destruction of Giardia cysts, it is recommended to takedecoction of birch buds within 2-3 weeks.
  After a two-week break, take the drug for two weeks decoction of bearberry seeds.

• In order to eliminate dysbacteriosis and secondary intestinal fermentopathy, the following is used:
  bacterial preparations (bifidumbacterin, bificol, colibacterin, lactobacterin, acidophilus),
  enzymatic preparations(hilak-forte, festal, enzistal, mezim-forte, pancreatin (Creon).

Relapses can occur after 7 weeks. after completion of treatment. This necessitates long-term monitoring of the results of therapy. The prognosis is favorable.

Prevention.
Control over food and water supply. It is better to disinfect water by boiling. Food workers and persons, as well as children's institutions, are examined for Giardia infestation. Treatment of persons infected with Giardia is carried out.