NSAIDs are widely used by doctors in the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation, fever and pain. They are effective, but cause a number of side effects. Today, there are many NSAIDs that are better tolerated by the body.
NSAIDs – category medications, affecting the disease symptomatically. Used for chronic and acute pathologies. The action is based on reducing the production of cyclooxygenase enzymes, which trigger inflammation, fever and pain. New generation products rarely cause side effects.
The principle of action is based on reducing the permeability of capillary and arterial walls and the production of inflammatory mediators. This minimizes irritation of pain nerve receptors. The person experiences inflammation and pain. New generation NSAIDs affect the thermoregulation centers of the brain, lowering body temperature.
New generation medicines are divided into:
According to the mechanism of action, NSAIDs are divided into:
According to the effect of relieving inflammation, NSAIDs are divided into:
Based on the strength of the analgesic effect, NSAIDs are classified into:
The pharmaceutical industry offers a wide range of NSAIDs in tablets, drops, suppositories, ointments, gels, and injection solutions.
Sold in tablets. Main component - etoricoxib. Relieves pain and inflammation, fever. Suppresses the effect of COX-2. It is forbidden to use Arcoxia if there is a violation of hemostasis, a stomach ulcer, heart pathologies, pregnancy, or liver (kidney) dysfunction.
It is produced in the form of gel, tablets, suppositories, injections. Medicinal effect has rofecoxib. Acts as a COX-2 inhibitor. Relieves swelling, inflammation, itching, heat and pain. Well tolerated by most patients. Do not take if you have cancer, asthma or pregnancy. May cause hallucinations and intestinal upset.
Produced in tablets and solution for injection. Contains lornoxicam. Suppresses the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes, secretion free radicals. Does not affect opioid receptors of the central nervous system or the respiratory system. Do not take in case of severe heart pathologies, liver dysfunction, or dehydration. Frequent side effects are blurred vision, increased blood pressure.
Available in injection solution, tablets, suppositories, suspension. Treats due to the presence of meloxicam. Effectively removes heat, inflammation and pain. Has a prolonged action. Does not affect the hemostatic system. Prohibited for bleeding in the esophagus, kidney dysfunction. Sometimes causes migraine, colitis and gastropathy.
Sold in the form of tablets, gel, suspension. Suppresses COX-2, reduces the production of prostaglandins. It has a pronounced antifever, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Prohibited for pregnant women and children. Side effects include hematuria, oliguria, and dyspepsia.
Produced in the form of an ointment. Created on the basis of methyl salicylate and bee venom. Relieves inflammation and pain. Used for myalgia, arthralgia, sprains, neuritis. Prohibited for acute arthritis and skin pathologies. May provoke local allergies.
It is produced in the form of ointment and balm. Contains methyl salicylate and menthol. Dilates blood vessels and removes irritation, relieves pain and spasm, restores mobility. Prohibited when dermatological problems and pregnancy. May cause hives.
Produced in the form of an ointment. Based on nonivamide, camphor and dimethyl sulfoxide. Relieves irritation and pain, warms and improves blood circulation. Valid for 6 hours. Prohibited for use by children and pregnant women. Side effects include local allergic reactions.
Available in the form of cream and tablets. Contains meloxicam and pepper tincture. Has a warming effect. Effective for sprains, injuries, joint and spinal pathologies. Used from 12 years of age. May cause itching and rash.
This is an ointment consisting of nicoboxil and nonivamide. Contains nicoboxil and nonivamide. It has an analgesic, vasodilating and hyperemic effect. Improves enzymatic reactions. It helps a few minutes after application.
Available in injection solution and capsules. Contains meloxicam. Helps with musculoskeletal pathologies. Not used for severe liver and kidney diseases, ulcerative lesion stomach. May increase blood pressure and reduce visual acuity.
Produced in capsules. Contains tenoxicam. Eliminates pain in muscles, joints and spine. Removes stiffness after waking up. Normalizes the condition within a week of use. Not used during lactation, kidney dysfunction and pregnancy.
Available in the form of gel, injection solution and tablets. The therapeutic effect is based on the presence of meloxicam in Amelotex. Used for degenerative and dystrophic changes in the bones. Approved for use from 18 years of age. May cause a local allergic reaction.
It is produced in the form of a suspension, tablets and gel. Contains nimesulide. Relieves pain and inflammation from sprains, injuries, muscle and joint pathologies. Not used for epidermal, liver and kidney diseases. Prohibited for pregnant and lactating women, children under 7 years of age.
Produced in the form of gel, suspension, tablets. Contains nimesulide. Well tolerated and has minimal toxicity. Effective for pathologies of soft tissues and spine. Contraindicated for pregnant women, children, and allergy sufferers.
Available in the form of capsules, gel, suspension. The therapeutic effect is based on nimesulide. Used over a long period of time. Does not cause significant side effects. Prohibited for damage to the dermis, hypersensitivity.
Sold in injections and tablets. Solution for injection into muscle. Characterized by speed. Relieves inflammation, heat and pain. Used on acute stage diseases. Prohibited for children, if available serious problems with kidneys, pregnant women.
Available in solution, suppositories, tablets. Contains meloxicam. Used when degenerative changes in the bones. Injected into the muscle. Contraindicated for intestinal inflammation, heart failure, ulcerative bleeding.
Implemented in the form eye drops. It contains bromfenac. Eye drops used after surgery for cataract extraction. The effect lasts for a day. The product is prohibited for pregnant women, persons under 18 years of age, and those with a tendency to bleed.
Produced in injections, tablets, suppositories, gel. Active element – diclofenac sodium. It is a powerful analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Used to inhibit miosis, treat cystoid macular edema. Prohibited in elderly and children, impaired hemostasis, pregnancy.
NSAIDs have a bad effect on digestive tract, in particular - on the stomach. To minimize the negative impact of the drug on the body, a person should undergo diagnosis and treatment before starting therapy.
It is better to choose a selective group of drugs. Non-selective anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs are used for up to five days. In the presence of erosive and ulcerative changes, people over 60 years of age should use NSAIDs simultaneously with Omeprazole.
NSAIDs today are a dynamically developing class medicines. This is due to the wide range of applications of this pharmaceutical group, which has antipyretic and analgesic activity.
NSAIDs are a whole group of drugs
NSAIDs block the action of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins in the body are mediators of inflammation, lower the threshold of sensitivity to pain, inhibit lipid peroxidation and inhibit neutrophil aggregation.
The main effects of NSAIDs include:
The main indications include:
Drugs of the NSAID group provide negative influence to:
The most common area that suffers from taking NSAIDs is the stomach. This manifests itself as nausea, diarrhea, pain in the epigastric region and other dyspeptic complaints. There is even such a syndrome - NSAID gastropathy, the occurrence of which is directly related to the use of NSAIDs. Elderly patients, with a history of gastric ulcers, and concurrently taking glucocorticosteroid drugs are especially at risk of pathology.
NSAIDs are different drugs, but their effect is the same!
The likelihood of developing NSAID gastropathy increases with long-term use drugs in high doses, as well as when taking two or more NSAIDs. Lansoprazole, Esomeprazole and other proton pump inhibitors are used to protect the gastric mucosa. may be in the form of severe toxic hepatitis, or may manifest itself transient disturbances functions with increased levels of transaminases in the blood.
The liver is most often affected when taking Indomethacin, Phenylbutazone, and Aspirin. On the part of the kidneys, decreased diuresis, acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, as a result of damage to the kidney tubules. The greatest danger is represented by Ibuprofen and Naproxen.
In the blood, clotting processes are disrupted and anemia occurs. Dangerous in relation to side effects from the blood system Diclofenac, Piroxicam, Butadione. Often unwanted effects from the nervous system occur when taking Aspirin, Indomethacin. And they manifest themselves as headaches, tinnitus, nausea, and sometimes vomiting, and mental disorders. Taking NSAIDs is contraindicated in the following cases:
NSAIDs are used in almost all areas of medicine. This is due to their numerous effects: anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic. NSAIDs alleviate the suffering of patients with corresponding symptoms, improving their quality of life and providing a state of comfort.
Aspirin is a representative of the NSAID group. About its benefits and harms for the human body in the video:
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Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases of the joints and spine that occur with pain and inflammation.
Peculiarities: all the drugs in this group act on a similar principle and cause three main effects: analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic.
U different drugs these effects are expressed in varying degrees, therefore, some drugs are better suited for long-term treatment of joint diseases, others are mainly used as painkillers and antipyretics.
Most common side effects: allergic reactions, nausea, abdominal pain, erosions and ulcers of the mucous membrane gastrointestinal tract.
Main contraindications: individual intolerance, exacerbation of gastric ulcer and duodenum.
Drugs that have a pronounced analgesic effect and a significant number of side effects (diclofenac, ketorolac, nimesulide and others) can only be used as prescribed by a doctor.
Among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, there is a group of so-called “selective” drugs that are less likely to have side effects from the gastrointestinal tract.
Even over-the-counter pain relief medications cannot be used long-term. If they are required frequently, several times a week, it is necessary to be examined by a doctor and treated according to the recommendations of a rheumatologist or neurologist.
In some cases, long-term use of drugs from this group requires additional use of proton pump inhibitors that protect the stomach.
| Trade name of the drug | Price range (Russia, rub.) | Features of the drug that are important for the patient to know about |
| Active ingredient: Diclofenac | ||
| Voltaren(Novartis) | A powerful pain reliever, mainly used for back and joint pain. It is not advisable to use it for a long time, as the drug has numerous side effects. May negatively affect liver function, causing headaches, dizziness and tinnitus. Contraindicated in aspirin-induced asthma, hematopoiesis and blood clotting disorders. Do not use during pregnancy, breastfeeding and children under 6 years of age. | |
| Diclofenac(different manufacturers) | ||
| Naklofen(KRKA) | ||
| Ortofen(different manufacturers) | ||
| Rapten rapid(Stada) | ||
| Active ingredient: Indomethacin | ||
| Indomethacin(different manufacturers) | 11,4-29,5 | Has a powerful anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. However, it is considered quite outdated, as it leads in the likelihood of developing various side effects. It has many contraindications, including the third trimester of pregnancy, age up to 14 years. |
| Methindol retard(Polfa) | 68-131,5 | |
| Active ingredient: Diclofenac + paracetamol | ||
| Panoxen(Oxford Laboratories) | 59-69 | A powerful two-component pain reliever. It is used to reduce severe pain and inflammation in arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteochondrosis, lumbago, dental and other diseases. Side effects are the same as diclofenac. Contraindications are inflammatory diseases intestines, severe hepatic, renal and heart failure, period after coronary artery bypass surgery, progressive kidney disease, active liver disease, pregnancy, period breastfeeding, childhood. |
| Active ingredient: Tenoxicam | ||
| Texamen(Mustafa Nevzat Ilach Sanai) | 186-355 | It has a powerful analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, the antipyretic effect is less pronounced. Distinctive feature the drug is long duration action: more than a day. Indications are radicular syndrome with osteochondrosis, osteoarthritis with symptoms of inflammation in the joints, neuralgia, muscle pain. Has a number of side effects. Contraindicated in case of bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, pregnancy and during breastfeeding. |
| Active ingredient: Ketoprofen | ||
| Artrosilene(Dompe farmacheutichi) | 154-331 | A drug with a pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Does not have a negative effect on the condition of articular cartilage. Indications for use are symptomatic therapy various arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, headache, neuralgia, radiculitis, muscle pain, post-traumatic and postoperative pain, pain syndrome with cancer, painful periods. It causes many side effects and has many contraindications, including the third trimester of pregnancy and breastfeeding. In children, age restrictions depend on the trade name of the drug. |
| Quickcaps(Medana Pharma) | 161-274 | |
| Ketonal (Lec. d.d.) | 93-137 | |
| Ketonal duo(Lec. d. d.) | 211,9-295 | |
| Okie (Dompe farmacheutichi) | 170-319 | |
| Flamax(Sotex) | 86,7-165,8 | |
| Flamax forte(Sotex) | 105-156,28 | |
| Flexen(Italpharmaco) | 97-397 | |
| Active ingredient: Dexketoprofen | ||
| Dexalgin(Berlin-Chemie/Menarini) | 185-343 | A new powerful short-acting drug. The analgesic effect occurs 30 minutes after taking the drug and lasts from 4 to 6 hours. Indications for use are acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system (rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, arthrosis, osteochondrosis), pain during menstruation, toothache. Side effects and contraindications are similar to those of other drugs. In general, with short-term use according to indications and in recommended doses, it is well tolerated. |
| Active ingredient: Ibuprofen | ||
| Ibuprofen(different manufacturers) | 5,5-15,9 | More often used as antipyretic drug and a headache reliever. However, in large dosages it can also be used for diseases of the spine, joints and to relieve pain after bruises and other injuries. Possible side effects from the gastrointestinal tract, blood-forming organs, as well as headache, dizziness, insomnia, increased blood pressure and a number of others adverse reactions. Has many contraindications. Cannot be used in III trimester pregnancy and breastfeeding, in the first and second trimester should be used with caution, only on the recommendation of a doctor. cha. |
| Burana (Orion Corporation) | 46,3-98 | |
| Ibufen (Polfa, Medana Pharma) | 69-95,5 | |
| Moment (Berlin-Chemie/Menarini) | 71,6-99,83 | |
| Nurofen(Reckitt Benckiser) | 35,65-50 | |
| Nurofen Ultracap(Reckitt Benckiser) | 116-122,56 | |
| Nurofen Express(Reckitt Benckiser) | 102-124,4 | |
| Nurofen Express Neo(Reckitt Benckiser) | 65-84 | |
| Faspik(Zambon) | 80-115 | |
| Active ingredient: Ibuprofen + paracetamol | ||
| Ibuklin(Dr. Reddy's) | 78-234,5 | Combination drug, containing two analgesic and antipyretic substances. It is more powerful than the same drugs taken separately. Can be used for pain in the joints and spine, injuries. However, it does not have a very pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, so for long-term treatment with rheumatic diseases not recommended. It has many side effects and contraindications. Do not use in children under 12 years of age, as well as in the third trimester of pregnancy and while breastfeeding. |
| Brustan(Runbaxy) | 60-121 | |
| Next(Pharmstandard) | 83-137 | |
| Active ingredient: Nimesulide | ||
| Nise(Dr. Reddy's) | 111-225 | A selective pain reliever mainly used for back and joint pain. May also relieve menstrual pain, headaches and toothache. Possesses selective action, therefore has less negative effects on the gastrointestinal tract. However, it has a number of contraindications and side effects. Contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding; in children, age restrictions depend on the trade name of the drug. |
| Nimesulide(different manufacturers) | 65-79 | |
| Aponil(Medohemi) | 71-155,5 | |
| Nemulex(Sotex) | 125-512,17 | |
| Nimesil(Berlin-Chemie/Menarini) | 426,4-990 | |
| Nimika (IPKA) | 52,88-179,2 | |
| Nimulid(Panacea Biotek) | 195-332,5 | |
| Active ingredient: Naproxen | ||
| Nalgesin(KRKA) | 104-255 | A potent drug. It is used to treat arthritis, osteoarthritis, adnexitis, exacerbation of gout, neuralgia, radiculitis, pain in bones, tendons and muscles, headaches and toothaches, pain during cancer and after operations. It has quite a few contraindications and can cause a variety of side effects, so long-term treatment only possible under the supervision of a doctor. |
| Naproxen(Pharmstandard) | 56,5-107 | |
| Naproxen-acri (Akrikhin) | 97,5-115,5 | |
| Active ingredient: Naproxen + esomeprazole | ||
| Vimovo(AstraZeneca) | 265-460 | A combination drug containing naproxen with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole. Formulated as sequential delivery tablets with immediate-release esomeprazole magnesium in the coating and enteric-coated sustained-release naproxen in the core. As a result, esomeprazole is released in the stomach before naproxen dissolves, which protects the gastric mucosa from possible negative impact naproxena. Indicated for symptomatic relief in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis in patients at risk of developing gastric and duodenal ulcers. Despite the good protective properties in relation to the stomach, may cause a number of other side effects. Contraindicated in severe hepatic, cardiac and renal failure, gastrointestinal and other bleeding, cerebral hemorrhage and a number of other diseases and conditions. Not recommended in the third trimester of pregnancy, while breastfeeding and children under 18 years of age. |
| Active ingredient: Amtolmetin guacil | ||
| Nizilat(Dr. Reddy's) | 310-533 | A new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with minimal negative influence on the gastric mucosa. Despite a number of possible side effects, it was generally well tolerated by patients (including long-term use within 6 months). It can be used both for rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, etc.) and for the treatment of pain syndromes of other origins. It has quite a lot of contraindications. Not for use during pregnancy, breastfeeding and under 18 years of age. |
| Active ingredient: Ketorolac | ||
| Ketanov(Runbaxy) | 214-286,19 | One of the most potent analgesics. Because of large quantity contraindications and side effects should be used sporadically and only in cases of very severe pain. |
| Ketorol(Dr. Reddy's) | 12,78-64 | |
| Ketorolac(different manufacturers) | 12,1-17 | |
| Active ingredient: Lornoxicam | ||
| Xefocam(Nycomed) | 110-139 | It has a pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Indicated for short-term treatment of pain, including rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, etc.). It has many side effects and contraindications. |
| Xefocam Rapid(Nycomed) | 192-376 | |
| Active ingredient: Aceclofenac | ||
| Aertal(Gedeon Richter) | 577-935 | Has good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Promotes a significant reduction in the severity of pain, morning stiffness, swelling of the joints, does not have a negative effect on cartilage tissue. It is used to reduce inflammation and pain in lumbago, toothache, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and a number of other rheumatological diseases. Causes many side effects. Contraindications are similar to those of Panoxen. Do not use during pregnancy, breastfeeding and children under 18 years of age. |
| Active ingredient: Celecoxib | ||
| Celebrex(Pfizer, Searle) | 365,4-529 | One of the most selective (selectively acting) drugs in this group, which has minimal negative effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Indications for use are symptomatic treatment osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, back pain, bone and muscle pain, post-operative, menstrual and other types of pain. May cause swelling, dizziness, coughing, and a number of other side effects. It has many contraindications for use, including class II-IV heart failure, clinically pronounced ischemic disease heart disease, peripheral arterial disease and severe cerebrovascular disease. Not for use during pregnancy, breastfeeding and under 18 years of age. |
| Active ingredient: Etoricoxib | ||
| Arcoxia(Merck Sharp & Dome) | 317-576 | A potent selective drug. According to the mechanism of action, side effects and contraindications, it is similar to celecoxib. Indications for use include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and acute gouty arthritis. |
| Active ingredient: Meloxicam | ||
| Amelotex(Sotex) | 52-117 | A modern selective drug with a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Indications for use are pain and inflammatory syndrome in osteoarthritis, osteochondrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. It is not usually used for antipyretic purposes or for the treatment of other types of pain. It can cause a variety of side effects, but the negative effect on the gastrointestinal tract is less than that of non-selective drugs in this group. It has many contraindications, including pregnancy, breastfeeding and children under 12 years of age. |
| Arthrozan(Pharmstandard) | 87,7-98,7 | |
| Bi-xicam(Veropharm) | 35-112 | |
| Meloxicam(different manufacturers) | 9,5-12,3 | |
| Mirlox(Polfa) | 47-104 | |
| Movalis(Boehringer Ingelheim) | 418-709 | |
| Movasin(Synthesis) | 73,1-165 | |
Remember, self-medication is life-threatening; consult a doctor for advice on the use of any medications.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are essential medicines for the treatment of joints. They are able to provide symptomatic assistance: relieve pain, normalize body temperature, relieve inflammation. This is especially important for spinal pathologies such as osteochondrosis. Indeed, during an exacerbation of the disease, a person feels not only severe pain in the back, but also the inability to fully move, which in the long term can lead to loss of ability to work. Even during the period of remission, many patients report reduced muscle tone And increased fatigue. In order to alleviate the symptoms of the disease, there are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and drugs (NSAIDs and NSAIDs).
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are new generation drugs. The principle of their operation is based on blocking activity cyclooxygenase. These enzymes provoke an inflammatory process in abnormal foci of mediators, which leads to vasodilation and pain.
Enzymes of the cyclooxygenase group also exist in the human body itself and have two isomeric forms:
In order to choose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, you should consult a doctor. Only a specialist who has the results of your tests and knows everything clinical picture your illnesses, can pick up the right medicine and the required dosage.
Prescribing yourself such serious medications in the form of injections, injections in ampoules, tablets or ointments for the treatment of arthrosis and chondrosis is strictly prohibited. Such amateur activities can be dangerous to your health.
Most often, doctors prescribe for the treatment of osteochondrosis modern drugs, which include diclofenac(Voltaren, Ortofen, Dicloran, Diclak, etc.). This medicine, created back in 1966, has proven itself in the fight against inflammation and pain. The undeniable advantage of this non-steroid is that it can be combined with analgesics, thereby improving their effect.
But diclofenac also has a number of contraindications: it should not be taken by children, pregnant women and patients with peptic ulcers.
For selective pain relief desired area bodies can also be assigned the following drugs internal action:
To reduce swelling, eliminate local inflammation and pain, external anti-inflammatory drugs are often used:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have many side effects, so they should be taken with caution, following certain rules:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are sufficient strong drugs, you need to take them seriously. It is not surprising that they have an impressive list of contraindications for use. Even very good medicine may cause harm if used incorrectly and without prescription by a specialist.
So if you don't want to face negative consequences When taking an NSAID, first check whether it can be used for you.
Most often, the list of prohibitions includes the following restrictions:
The safest non-steroids are considered ibuprofen and paracetamol. Their use can be prescribed even to very young children. As for possible side effects when taking other anti-inflammatory drugs, it is worth noting the possibility of leukocytosis. Therefore, when prescribing NSAIDs, it is important to regularly take blood tests to prevent a critical decrease in the number of white blood cells.
To prevent the development of gastrointestinal diseases when taking non-steroidal drugs, it is important to observe therapeutic diet . You may also encounter these unpleasant consequences such as diarrhea, headache, allergies, bleeding tendency, abdominal pain, swelling, drowsiness. When the first side effects appear, you should immediately consult a doctor to find another drug for you.
Pain syndrome in diseases of the spine and joints causes patients a lot of inconvenience and unpleasant moments. There is no need to endure pain - this is a signal from the body that it needs your help and attention. New generation anti-inflammatory drugs can significantly alleviate the patient’s condition, so there is no need to be afraid of their use. Their main purpose is to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and reduce swelling. The main thing is to do everything with the permission and under the supervision of a doctor, and then NSAIDs will become your reliable assistants in the fight against the disease.
Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs(NSAIDs, NSAIDs) are medical supplies new generation, which have an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effect. Their mechanism of action is based on blocking certain enzymes (cyclooxygenase, COX), which are responsible for the formation of prostaglandins - chemicals, contributing to pain, fever, inflammation.
The word “non-steroidal” in the name of these drugs indicates the fact that the medications in this group are not artificial analogues steroid hormones- powerful anti-inflammatory hormonal drugs. The most popular representatives of NSAIDs are diclofenac, ibuprofen.
If analgesics are intended to combat pain, then NSAIDs reduce two unpleasant symptoms of the disease: inflammation and pain. Many drugs in this group are considered non-selective inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase enzyme, which suppress the effects of both of its isoforms (types) - COX-1 and COX-2.
Cyclooxygenase is responsible for the formation of thromboxane and prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, which is obtained, in turn, from cell membrane phospholipids using the enzyme phospholipase A2. Among other functions, prostaglandins are regulators and mediators in the formation of inflammation.
The most commonly used drugs are NSAIDs for the treatment of chronic or acute inflammation which are accompanied by pain. Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs have gained great popularity due to their effective treatment of joints.
We list the diseases for which these medications are prescribed:
NSAIDs should not be used during erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, especially at the stage of exacerbation, cytopenias, pronounced violations kidney and liver function, pregnancy, individual intolerance. Should be prescribed with caution to patients with asthma, as well as to people who have previously had negative reactions while taking any other NSAIDs.
Let's look at the most effective and well-known NSAIDs, which are used to treat joints and other diseases when required. antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect:
Some medications are weaker, not so aggressive, some are designed for acute arthrosis, if emergency intervention is necessary in order to stop dangerous processes in the body.
Side effects are observed during prolonged use of NSAIDs (for example, during the treatment of osteochondrosis) and consist of damage to the intestinal and gastric mucosa with the formation of bleeding and ulcers. This disadvantage of non-selective NSAIDs was the reason for the creation of a new generation of drugs that block only COX-2 (an inflammatory enzyme) and do not affect the function of COX-1 (a defense enzyme).
That is, the new generation of drugs have almost no ulcerogenic side effects (damage to the mucous membranes of organs digestive system) associated with prolonged use of non-selective NSAIDs, but increase the chance of thrombotic complications.
The only disadvantage of the new generation of drugs is their high cost, which makes them inaccessible to most people.
The new generation of anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs act much more selectively, they are more inhibit COX-2, and COX-1 remains almost unaffected. This can be explained quite high efficiency drug in combination with a minimum side effects.
List of effective and popular anti-inflammatory drugs non-steroidal drugs new generation:
In cases where long-term use of anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs is not necessary, then older generation drugs are used. However, sometimes this is simply a necessary measure, since not all people can afford a course of treatment with these drugs.
Based on their chemical origin, these drugs come in non-acidic and acidic derivatives.
Acidic preparations:
Non-acidic drugs:
At the same time, non-steroidal drugs differ in intensity and type of action - anti-inflammatory, analgesic, combined.
According to the strength of the anti-inflammatory effect Medium doses of drugs are arranged in the following order (strongest on top):
According to analgesic effect The drugs are arranged in the following order:
Most often the ones listed above NSAID drugs apply for chronic and acute diseases which are accompanied by inflammation and pain. As a rule, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat joints and relieve pain: injuries, arthrosis, arthritis, etc.
NSAIDs are often used for pain relief for migraines and headaches, renal colic, postoperative pain, dysmenorrhea, etc. Due to their inhibitory effect on prostaglandin synthesis, these drugs also have an antipyretic effect.
Any medicine new to the patient should be prescribed initially in a minimal dose. If tolerated normally, after a few days daily dose is increased.
Therapeutic dosages of NSAIDs are in a wide range, while recently there has been a tendency to increase single and daily doses of drugs that are well tolerated (ibuprofen, naproxen), while maintaining restrictions on the maximum dosage of indomethacin, aspirin, piroxicam, phenylbutazone. In some patients therapeutic effect achieved only with the use of increased doses of NSAIDs.
Long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs in higher dosages can cause:
Treatment with NSAIDs must be continued for the minimum possible time and minimum doses.
It is undesirable to use NSAIDs during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. Although no direct teratogenic effects have been found, it is believed that NSAIDs can cause fetal renal complications and premature closure. ductus arteriosus. There is also information about premature birth. Despite this, aspirin in combination with heparin has been used successfully in women with antiphospholipid syndrome.
Is a leader among non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which has a long duration of action and is approved for long-term use.
It has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, which makes it possible to use it for rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis. Protects cartilage tissue and is not without antipyretic and analgesic properties. Used for headaches and toothaches.
The determination of doses and administration options (suppositories, injections, tablets) depends on the type and severity of the disease.
A COX-2 inhibitor, which has a pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. When used in therapeutic doses, it has almost no negative effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa, since it has a fairly low degree of affinity for COX-1 and, accordingly, does not cause disruption in the synthesis of constitutional prostaglandins.
Refers to the most effective drugs non-hormonal effects. For arthritis, it reduces joint swelling, relieves pain and has a strong anti-inflammatory effect. When using medical product you need to be careful because it has a long list of side effects. In pharmacology, the drug is manufactured under the names Indovis EC, Indovazin, Indocollir, Indotard, Metindol.
It combines the ability to effectively reduce pain and temperature, and is relatively safe, which is why medications based on it can be purchased without a prescription. Ibuprofen is used as an antipyretic drug, including and for newborns.
It is not used as often as an anti-inflammatory drug, but the medicine is very popular in rheumatology: it is used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases.
The most popular names include Nurofen, Ibuprom, MIG 400 and 200.
Form of manufacture - capsules, tablets, gel, suppositories, injection solution. IN this drug for the treatment of joints, both a high anti-inflammatory effect and high analgesic activity are perfectly combined.
It is manufactured under the names Naklofen, Voltaren, Diklak, Ortofen, Vurdon, Diclonac P, Dolex, Olfen, Clodifen, Dikloberl, etc.
Very common for treating joints use chondroprotectors. People often do not understand the differences between chondroprotectors and NSAIDs. The latter are quickly deleted painful sensations, but at the same time have many side effects. And chondroprotectors protect cartilage tissue, but they must be used in courses. The most effective chondroprotectors contain two substances - chondroitin and glucosamine.
Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs are excellent assistants during the treatment of many diseases. But we must not forget that they only remove the negatively impacting symptoms on well-being; diseases are treated directly by other methods and drugs.
