This drug is widely used in medical practice as a plasma-substituting, rehydrating agent. Thus, sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, or saline, is in most cases used to prepare droppers, which are simply irreplaceable for vomiting, poisoning and other syndromes accompanied by a violation of the water-salt balance. Read the instructions for use of this medicine.
In the process of creating this pharmacological composition Salts are added to distilled water in a certain way. In this case, each subsequent component is added only after the previous one has completely dissolved. In addition, to prevent sediment from forming in the liquid, carbon dioxide is passed through the sodium bicarbonate. Glucose is added to the solution last. Strict adherence to the specified production technology ensures the preservation of all beneficial properties sodium chloride. Depending on percentage salts are isolated the following types solutions:
By classification medicinal substances sodium chloride (Natrii chloridum/Sodium chloride) is usually classified as a regulator of water-electrolyte balance and acid-base balance. Due to the fact that the product is used for diluting and dissolving medications, it also belongs to the group of excipients, reagents and intermediates. In addition, some experts consider isotonic solution sodium chloride to anticongestants - decongestants.
The drug acts as a detoxifying and rehydrating agent. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is used to enrich the body with fluids and increase the volume of circulating arterial blood. This pharmacological action saline solution is determined by the presence of ions in it minerals, having the ability to penetrate the cell membrane through a variety of transport mechanisms. According to the pharmacopoeia, sodium chloride helps maintain constant blood pressure and takes part in the electrophysiological processes of the body.
Water-salt balance most directly affects the maintenance normal condition all organs and systems human body. In a normal situation, the NaCl compound enters the body along with food, which is impossible if any pathologies develop. Thus, with vomiting, diarrhea and other similar conditions, there is an increased release of sodium and chlorine ions from the body. This condition is absolute indication for intravenous administration of sodium chloride.
In addition, the drug is recommended for external use to wash the eyes, nose, and mouth. Separately, it is worth mentioning the benefits of saline solution for processing purulent wounds. The sodium and chlorine salts contained in the preparation have high antimicrobial activity, which is often used by surgeons to prevent the occurrence of postoperative complications. Among other things, the use of NaCl is justified in the following conditions:
In most cases, saline solution is administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Meanwhile, the use of sodium chloride may involve its entry into the body orally or rectally. As a rule, one or another method of using a drug is determined by the expectation of a certain therapeutic effect. So, in case of severe poisoning, you will agree that it is more logical to use saline solution intravenously than to try to do cleansing enemas.
In general, patients tolerate NaCl well. However, when long-term use Overdose effects may be observed: acidosis, extracellular hyperhydration, hypokalemia. In addition, it is important to talk about the features drug interactions solution. Sodium chloride (and its analogs) is compatible with most medications. When diluted with a solution of powdered antibiotics, an increase in their bioavailability is noted. The drug is not recommended to be combined with corticosteroids (Enalapril) and leukopoiesis stimulants (Filgrastim).
Nasal spray based on sodium chloride has a mass positive properties and practically complete absence side effects. Therefore, sodium chloride for nasal rinsing is used especially widely in pediatric practice c in order to eliminate runny nose in young patients without harm to their health. A saline-based nasal spray is instilled into the nasal passage only after it has been thoroughly cleansed. Adults are recommended to take 2-3 injections three times a day, while for children the indicated dosage should be halved.
In medical practice, parenteral (intravenous) administration of saline is mostly used. For this purpose, the sodium chloride dropper is preheated to 36 degrees. The volume of the administered drug depends on the condition, age and weight of the patient. On average daily dose NaCl should not exceed 500 milliliters. In case of poisoning accompanied by a severe degree of intoxication, the maximum volume can reach 3000 ml. In this case, the rate of infusion (infusion) of the drug is allowed to be increased to 70 drops per minute.
This method of administering saline helps to immediately restore the water-salt balance in the body - this is why sodium chloride is injected intravenously in case of dehydration. In addition, parenteral administration is indicated as plasma replacement therapy and is used for excessive thick blood. It is important to say that saline solution for IVs is often used to dilute any drug that needs to be administered intravenously. In this case, the characteristics of such infusions are determined based on the main medication.
Treatment procedure, which involves inhaling sodium chloride, is indicated for colds. Therapy of infectious pathologies respiratory tract carried out combined agent based on saline solution and bronchodilator medication. Remember, alkaline (with added salt, soda) inhalations are contraindicated for children under 6 years of age.
Like any other medicine, NaCl also has some limitations for use. For example, it is prohibited to use saline solution for patients with blood circulation disorders. The fact is that this pathological condition is dangerous due to the development of cerebral edema. For this reason, artificial flooding of the body with saline solution with persistent development of circulatory disorders can significantly aggravate the clinical picture of the disease and lead to irreversible consequences. In addition, the use of NaCl is prohibited under the following conditions:
In pharmacies in Moscow and St. Petersburg, saline solution can be purchased for an average of 30 rubles. At the same time, some private pharmacies, in an effort to compensate for losses, inflate prices by sodium chloride(often expired). For this reason, most of the population today prefers to buy medicines from bona fide virtual sellers. Meanwhile, you can find out the prices for saline solution for IVs in different pharmacies in Moscow below:
| Concentration | Price (rubles) |
Name:
Sodium chloride
Pharmacological
action:
Has a detoxifying and rehydrating effect.
Replenishes sodium deficiency in various pathological conditions of the body and temporarily increases the volume of fluid circulating in the vessels.
Pharmacodynamic properties of the solution due to the presence of sodium and chloride ions. A number of ions, including sodium ions, penetrate the cell membrane using various transport mechanisms, including great value has a sodium-potassium pump (Na-K-ATPase).
Sodium plays an important role in signal transmission in neurons, electrophysiological processes of the heart, as well as in metabolic processes in the kidneys.
Sodium excreted primarily by the kidneys, however, at the same time large number sodium is reabsorbed (renal reabsorption). A small amount of sodium is excreted in feces and through sweating.
Indications for
application:
Isotonic extracellular dehydration;
- hyponatremia;
- dilution and dissolution of parenterally administered medicinal substances (as a base solution).
Directions for use:
Intravenously(usually by drip).
Necessary dose can be calculated in mEq or mmol of sodium, mass of sodium ions or mass of sodium chloride (1 g NaCl = 394 mg, 17.1 mEq or 17.1 mmol Na and Cl).
The dose is determined depending on the patient’s condition, loss of body fluid, Na+ and Cl-, age, and body weight of the patient. Serum plasma and urine electrolyte concentrations should be carefully monitored.
Dose of sodium chloride solution for adults ranges from 500 ml to 3 liters per day.
Dose of sodium chloride solution for children ranges from 20 ml to 100 ml per day per kg of body weight (depending on age and total body weight).
Injection ratedepends on the patient's condition.
Recommended dose when used for dilution and dissolution of parenterally administered medicines(as a base solution-solvent) is in the range from 50 ml to 250 ml per dose of the administered drug.
In this case, the dose and rate of administration of the solution are determined by the recommendations for the use of the administered drug.
During any infusion it is necessary to monitor the patient's condition For clinical and biological indicators, it is especially important to evaluate plasma electrolytes.
In children's bodies Due to immature kidney function, sodium excretion may slow down. Therefore, in such patients, repeated infusions should be carried out only after determining the plasma sodium concentration.
Use only clear solution, without visible inclusions, if the packaging is not damaged.
Enter immediately after connecting to the infusion system.
Do not connect plastic containers in series. This may result in an air embolism due to the ingestion of air remaining in the first container, which may occur before the solution from the next container is delivered.
The solution should be administered using sterile equipment in compliance with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis.
To prevent air from entering the infusion system, it should be filled with solution, releasing any remaining air from the container completely.
Other drugs can be added to the solution before or during the infusion by injection into a specially designated area of the container.
As with all parenteral solutions, the compatibility of added substances with the solution must be determined before reconstitution.
Should not be used with sodium chloride solution 0.9% drugs known to be incompatible with it.
A doctor should determine the compatibility of added medicinal substances with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution by checking for possible changes in color and/or the appearance of sediment, insoluble complexes or crystals.
Before adding, it is necessary to determine whether the substance being added is soluble and stable in water at the pH level of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution.
When adding the drug it is necessary determine the isotonicity of the resulting solution before infusion.
Before adding drugs to the solution, they must be thoroughly mixed in compliance with aseptic rules.
The prepared solution should be administered immediately after preparation, do not store!
Addition of other drugs or violation of administration technique may cause fever due to the possible entry of pyrogens into the body.
In case of development adverse reactions
, you must immediately stop administering the solution.
Before using the solution, you should not remove the container from the outer protective polypropylene/polyamide bag in which it is placed, as it maintains the sterility of the drug.
Side effects:
Acidosis;
- hyperhydration;
- hypokalemia.
At correct use
unwanted effects unlikely.
When using sodium chloride solution 0.9% as a base solution (solvent) for other drugs, the likelihood of side effects is determined by the properties of these drugs.
In this case, when adverse reactions the solution should be suspended, the patient's condition assessed, appropriate measures taken, and the remaining solution retained for analysis, if necessary.
If any of the side effects indicated in the instructions get worse, or you notice any other side effects, not listed in the instructions, inform your doctor
Contraindications:
Hypernatremia, acidosis, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia, extracellular hyperhydration;
- circulatory disorders that threaten cerebral and pulmonary edema;
- cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, acute left ventricular failure, concomitant administration of corticosteroids in large doses.
When adding other drugs to the solution Contraindications to these drugs must be taken into account.
With caution: decompensated chronic heart failure, arterial hypertension, peripheral edema, preeclampsia, chronic renal failure (oligo-, anuria), aldosteronism and other conditions associated with sodium retention in the body.
In the body of children due to the immaturity of kidney function sodium excretion may slow down. Therefore, in such patients, repeated infusions should be carried out only after determining the plasma sodium concentration.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery
Not described.
Interaction with
other medicinal
by other means:
The drug is compatible with most drugs, so it is used to dissolve various drugs.
Simultaneous administration with corticosteroids or corticotropin requires constant monitoring of blood electrolyte levels.
It is also necessary to take into account the instructions for use of the added drugs.
Sodium chloride is a plasma replacement drug.
The drug is aimed at restoring water balance and has a detoxifying effect. Due to the fact that the drug replenishes sodium deficiency, it is effective in various pathological conditions.
Sodium chloride 0.9% has the same osmotic pressure as human blood. For this reason, the drug is quickly eliminated from the body and increases the volume of circulating blood for a short period of time.
When applied externally, saline solution of sodium chloride can remove pus from the wound or restore the microflora.
If an intravenous infusion of sodium chloride solution is performed, the patient will increase urination and also replenish the lack of sodium and chlorine.
The drug is available in the form of a powder, a solvent for certain medications, a solution or a nasal spray.
Experts recommend prescribing sodium chloride 0.9% for large losses of extracellular fluid or in cases where its supply decreases. This can be dyspepsia (which is caused by poisoning), cholera, diarrhea, vomiting, as well as large burns. This solution is effective for hyponatremia and hypochloremia, which is accompanied by dehydration.
Externally, sodium chloride saline solution should be used to wash the nose, wounds, and to moisten bandages.
In addition, the solution is used for bleeding of various nature(gastric, intestinal, pulmonary), for poisoning, constipation or for forced diuresis.
Experts do not recommend using the drug for: extracellular hyperhydration, blood circulation disorders (pulmonary or cerebral edema may develop), high level sodium, with acute left ventricular failure, with hypokalemia, renal failure and cardiac decompensated failure.
The drug Sodium chloride should not be mixed with large doses of glucocorticosteroids. If the solution is prescribed in large dosages, the level of electrolytes in the urine or plasma should be monitored.
Before starting administration, the sodium chloride solution must be heated to 36-38 degrees. In case of dehydration, the dosage is determined individually. The average dose is 1 liter per day.
If the patient is severely poisoned or there is a large loss of fluid, it is recommended to administer the solution up to 3 liters per day. IN in this case a sodium chloride dropper is used. The product should be administered at a speed of 540 milliliters per hour.
Children who are found to be dehydrated, accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure, it is necessary to administer the solution in an amount of 20-30 milliliters per 1 kilogram of weight.
To perform gastric lavage, use a 2-5 percent solution; to eliminate constipation, use enemas with a 5 percent solution (administer 75 milliliters rectally).
A dropper of sodium chloride 10 percent is prescribed for pulmonary bleeding, intestinal bleeding, and to increase diuresis. In these situations, the drug must be administered slowly (10-20 milliliters of solution).
In case of complex therapy For diseases of the upper respiratory tract, experts recommend rinsing, rubbing and bathing (1-2 percent solution).
During treatment colds sodium chloride is used for inhalation (used as aid). Adults are allowed to inhale for 10 minutes, and children - 3 times a day for 5-7 minutes (in this case, the solution is mixed with Lazolvan in a ratio of 1 to 1 ml).
For inhalation it is also allowed to be combined with Berodual.
Large volumes of the drug should be used with caution in patients with impaired excretory function kidney
You can freeze the medicine as long as the container remains sealed. If the solution is mixed with other drugs, it is recommended to visually check the compatibility (invisible as well as therapeutic incompatibility is possible).
In case of prolonged use of the solution, as well as its use in increased dosages, hypokalemia and acidosis may occur.
The drug "Sodium Chloride" is widely used in medicine as a plasma replacement agent.
The medication has a detoxifying and rehydrating effect, effectively restores water balance. In addition, the medicine allows you to replenish the lack of sodium in the body, which is required in the treatment of many pathologies. The drug is produced in the form of a solution, powder, and also a solvent for medications. There is another variety - nasal spray. The medication is quickly eliminated from the body, briefly increasing the amount of circulating blood (when performing IV drips). External use of the product allows you to remove pus from wounds and destroy pathological microflora. With intravenous infusion of the solution, urination increases, and the deficiency of sodium and chlorine is replenished.
The drug "Sodium chloride" is recommended for use in cases of large loss of extracellular fluid, as well as during conditions that limit its supply (major burns, vomiting, diarrhea caused by poisoning, dyspepsia, cholera). The solution is prescribed for hypochloremia, hyponatremia, which are accompanied by dehydration. The medication is also used for pulmonary, intestinal, and gastric bleeding, constipation, poisoning, and for forced diuresis. Externally, saline solution is used to wash wounds, nose, eyes, and to moisten dressings.
There are restrictions on the use of the drug. The drug “Sodium chloride” is not prescribed for extracellular hyperhydration, hypokalemia, elevated level sodium, blood circulation disorders, which can provoke the development of cerebral or pulmonary edema. You should not take saline solution if you have decompensated cardiac or acute left ventricular failure. The solution should not be used simultaneously with glucocorticosteroids. When using large dosages of the drug, it is necessary to control the amount of electrolytes in plasma and urine. It is forbidden to inject the medicine under the skin, as tissue necrosis may occur.
With prolonged use of the medication or with excessive use, hypokalemia, acidosis, and overhydration may develop.
Before using the solution, it must be heated to 36 degrees. In case of dehydration, the volume of medication is determined for each patient individually. At severe poisoning or large fluid losses, up to three liters of saline solution is administered dropwise. Children with symptomatic dehydration low blood pressure the medicine is administered based on their weight (20 ml per kg). For gastric lavage in case of poisoning, a 5% solution is used, and enemas with medication are given to relieve constipation. Droppers with 10% saline solution are used for bleeding, as well as to enhance diuresis in a volume of 20 ml. To carry out complex therapy of respiratory diseases, baths, rubbing, and rinsing with a 2% solution are used.
Since childhood, we have become accustomed to seeing saline solution in clinics for injections and procedures, without which not a single dressing can be done. The range of use of this drug is very wide - from local disinfection to joint infusion with other solutions for droppers and injections.
Sodium chloride is a crystalline substance with a salty taste. The crystals dissolve easily in water. Sodium chloride is produced in several forms:
Sodium chloride controls the constant pressure of extracellular fluid structures and blood plasma. Various pathological phenomena (extensive burns, diarrhea with vomiting) upset the fluid balance in the body and lead to a decrease in chlorine and sodium ions. As a result, the patient:
The introduction of saline solution using droppers restores water-salt balance and replenishes fluid deficiency in the body.
This drug is used for therapeutic purposes:
IN in case of emergency saline solution is used as a blood substitute. This drug is literally indispensable in therapeutic practice, because diluting medications for droppers and injections cannot be done without it. Saline solution not only dilutes medications to the required consistency, but also numbs the pain of the injection.
As already mentioned, saline solution is the main basic solvent for drugs for injections: with its help, the required concentration of the drug substance is achieved. The sodium chloride solution for droppers is made in a special concentration - 0.9%. When using, it is unacceptable to use damaged or damaged packaging: the solution for droppers must be completely sterile.
Indications for use:
The drug restores plasma volume to postoperative period, prevents intoxication after food poisoning, cleanses the cornea of the eyes during allergic and inflammatory manifestations.
Sodium chloride is used for intravenous injections in the form of droppers to restore fluid volume in the body. The dosage of the solution is calculated taking into account body weight.
Solution for activating bowel movements for constipation, cardiac edema, intracranial pressure, edema, renal failure and hypertension are administered rectally. The dose of a 5% solution is 100 ml.
At home, saline solution has also found application. It is used:
Rinsing the nose with this drug is effective means cleansing the mucous membrane. Moreover, the effect of saline solution is no worse than the effect of expensive medications. To rinse the nasal passages, use a ready-made spray, solution or tablet dissolved in water. Washing is carried out using a syringe.
Advice. You can prepare a solution of sodium chloride yourself - a teaspoon per liter of boiled water.
Also this drug They are also used for instillation of cleaned nasal passages to prevent the development of pathogenic organisms. When instilling, the nostril should be tilted in the opposite direction (right to left), and the head should be slightly tilted back.
During inhalation, the body is saturated with the vapors of medicinal substances and is cleansed of the consequences of infectious intoxication. In this situation, saline solution acts as a solvent for the main bronchodilator. medicinal product for inhalation.
Saline solution is used for dressings to moisten a dried bandage when removed, to disinfect wound surfaces and give enemas for constipation.
Advice. A gauze bandage is moistened with the solution and applied to the damaged surface during purulent inflammatory processes.
The solution is strictly forbidden to be injected into muscles or under the skin: it is used for droppers or for local use. When the drug is administered under the skin or into muscles, tissue necrosis occurs. Contraindications are also prescribed if:
Side effects of the drug may be:
At intravenous administration There may be a burning sensation at the location of the solution, as well as hyperemia. In case of such manifestations, the use of the drug should be stopped immediately.
See how to rinse your nose with saline:
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