Content
Myoma is a benign tumor that is located in the middle layer of the uterus, which contains cells and elements in its composition smooth muscles. The pathology is often detected in women 20-40 years old, and many experts have conflicting opinions about the reasons for its development. Most believe that myomatous node occurs due to hormonal imbalances.
When the connective tissue cells of the uterus begin to divide randomly, interstitial fibroids develop. As a rule, the myomatous node is localized back wall or along the front, but sometimes it extends beyond the female organ. If there is a possibility of a tumor growing through the wall of the muscle thickness in the direction of the peritoneum, then the doctor diagnoses interstitial-subserous myoma. Often there are many nodes in the uterus, each of which differs in the type of growth and stage of development. This disease is called myomatosis.
A woman’s hormonal balance can be disrupted for several reasons: after an abortion, under high neuropsychic stress, and stress. All these factors cause the uterine cells to divide, which is why a tumor forms. In addition, interstitial myomatous node can occur under the following conditions:
The reasons that cause the occurrence of nodular fibroids are not fully understood by modern medicine. Since the disease is hormonal, tumor growth is associated with high levels of estrogen. Regression often occurs at low levels female hormone during menopause. The second reason is hereditary. It turns out that in 70% of cases, myomatous nodes are found in relatives. Other causes of tumor:
Interstitial myomatous nodes grow for a long time, and they are diagnosed accidentally during a gynecological examination using ultrasound. The first sign of pathology is menstrual irregularity. Intramuscular nodes are not subject to destruction and do not have a pedicle, so torsion or necrosis is not typical for them. When the interstitial node develops in the muscle wall, it changes contractile function the uterus, and it loses its tone. With pathology, heavy bleeding occurs during menstruation.
Large blood loss provokes anemia, which in a woman manifests itself as weakness, fatigue, and dizziness. Small or large multiple nodes different shapes increase the weight and size of the uterus, increasing ligamentous apparatus load. Because of this, the woman experiences constant pain and discharge different intensity. If an interstitial node is found along the posterior wall of the uterus during pregnancy, the woman may experience symptoms of compression of other organs.
IN diagnostic centers The disease is diagnosed using MRI, ultrasound, and hysteroscopy. With interstitial fibroids, it is easy to determine the deformation of the uterus and an increase in size in the process gynecological examination. Ultrasound visualizes even very small myomatous nodes, the direction of growth, the calcification process and the composition of the uterine myometrium. On ultrasound, fibroids look like a different structure in relation to the surrounding tissues. Using hysteroscopy, you can assess the condition of the intramural and submucosal node. Such diagnostics often help to identify the initial stage of necrosis.
If the interstitial myomatous node is small, hormonal therapy is performed. Since tumors are sensitive to hormones, normalizing the patient’s endocrine background often leads to a reduction in fibroids. Additionally, treatment such as physiotherapy and vitamin therapy is carried out. When large nodes are detected, surgery is indicated, since the tumor stalk can twist.
During surgery, healthy uterine tissue is preserved, and reproductive function is not impaired. Only the neoplasm is excised. If pregnancy occurs with fibroids, surgical treatment is performed only if there are absolute contraindications. With this pathology, many women give birth successfully, but doctors prescribe the following medications:
Therapy for small myomatous nodes can occur folk remedies. Excellent in combating grass pathology: marigold, yarrow, nettle. Crushed dry plants, taken in equal proportions, are poured with boiling water and then infused. The broth is cooled, filtered, then drunk 3 times a day for 1-2 months.
Another effective folk remedy that normalizes hormonal levels is tincture of walnuts. To prepare it, you need to grind 30 g of partitions, then pour 1 glass of alcohol into them. The medicine is infused for 10 days in the dark, after which it is wrung out and filtered. You need to drink 30 drops of the tincture before meals until it runs out.
It is not easy to cure a myomatous node, so it is better to prevent the development of female pathologies. The best prevention of fibroids is the absence of abortions, regular sex life, a regular partner and timely treatment diseases caused by sexually transmitted infections. To prevent uterine fibroids from developing, a woman is recommended to become pregnant and give birth between 20 and 30 years of age.
Breastfeeding a child is an excellent prevention of the disease. Frequent colds, absence physical activity and nutritional disorders do not have any effect positive impact on metabolism, which leads to the growth of myomatous nodes. Solar radiation can be a provoking factor for the disease, so women of reproductive age are not recommended to stay in the open sun for long periods of time.
There are several types of myomatous nodes. A subserous myomatous node is located on the outside of the uterus and may have a base - a pedicle. Its structure determines the methods of treatment for this condition.
Uterine fibroids occur due to dysregulation of cell growth muscle tissue organ. The impetus is most often hormonal disorders and previous operations on the uterus.
Myoma can be single and differ in location. According to medical classification The following types of tumor are distinguished:
The development of the pathological process in the uterus is influenced not only by reproductive hormones, but also by dysfunction of the thyroid gland. For example, hypothyroidism is combined with an increase in estrogen levels. This can serve as an impetus for the development of a benign hormone-dependent tumor.
After cavity curettage and installation of a spiral, the uterine mucosa is often damaged and its structure is disrupted. Unfavorable factors are also the combination of influences on the body of bad heredity, unfavorable environment, negative emotions and poor resistance to pathogenic microorganisms.
They range from 1.5 cm to a dozen cm. However, they are more often discovered when they reach at least 4-5 weeks.
Despite the fact that subserous uterine fibroids are benign education, she is capable. The rate of malignancy depends on the type of fibroid and the combination of external factors.
When diagnosed, this type of fibroid looks like a node on broad base or leg, through which its nutrition and growth are carried out. A single node is covered by a capsule, limited from surrounding tissues, and is easily visualized. Multiple formations are difficult to separate from each other. The diameter of each of them does not exceed 10 cm.
Localization outside the uterus limits tumor involvement and does not contribute to organ enlargement. As a result, there are no obstacles to conceiving a child. If the subserous node is located near fallopian tube, it can lead to disruption of its patency as a result of compression. In this case, maintaining the pregnancy is difficult.
In gynecology, a convenient classification of subserous nodes is provided.
According to it, all fibroids of this type are divided into the following types:
A myomatous node on the anterior wall is found in most women; location on the posterior wall is typical for. The subserous node grows into the peritoneal cavity and unfolds in rare cases.
As noted, the following factors can influence the development of a tumor:
Pathologies of a subserous nature are focused on painful sensations of a pulling, aching nature. The area of their localization is the upper abdomen, with irradiation to the back.
The pain may get worse after physical fatigue, stiffness of the pelvic muscles, against the background of colds.
A standard appointment with a gynecologist includes a mandatory medical history and a study of the history of chronic pathologies. An in-depth medical examination includes a blood test (detailed clinical, biochemistry, hormones); inspection using mirrors; ultrasound examination; magnetic resonance imaging.
Treatment can also be radical. If a neoplasm is detected on early stage development, observation tactics are allowed. Speech in in this case refers to fibroids up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. If a woman’s hormonal background does not require correction,
Only chronic foci of infection are sanitized.
At 12-15 weeks, treatment with oral and hormonal contraceptives will be effective to reduce the production of hormones by the ovaries. Medicines are taken for at least six months. Another treatment option is. This method of treatment also combines a contraceptive function. The peculiarity of the latest method of therapy is that the IUD is placed only on women who have given birth. There are contraindications to the use of hormonal drugs:
Additionally prescribed symptomatic remedies: painkillers, iron, vitamin complexes, hemostatic drugs. Physiotherapy includes magnetic therapy and radon baths.
A subserous myomatous node can be detected during pregnancy on ultrasound. What complications does this pathology threaten? If the tumor is located on a pedicle, it may become torsion. The operation is carried out taking into account all the risks to the fetus. When the pregnancy cannot be terminated, expectant management remains. The growth of fibroids can lead to compression of the ureters, which will lead to impaired kidney function, development dangerous condition– pyelonephritis. Due to irradiation into the rectal area, inflammation occurs. However, monitoring the entire period of pregnancy allows you to prevent complications for mother and baby in time. When determining treatment tactics, the doctor takes into account several factors:
A large tumor is removed surgically, laparoscopy or abdominal method. The choice of tactics is determined by the doctor according to the indications.
The absolute indications for removal of the uterus are its pedunculated development and large size. Also, the surgical method is resorted to in cases of severe pain, infertility and the ineffectiveness of conservative drug therapy.
Abdominal surgery is used as a radical method of getting rid of a tumor. Indications for its implementation:
The fibroid is excised in the suprapubic region after dissecting all layers of tissue.
A hysterectomy involves removing the tumor along with the organ. It is carried out for health reasons and only for women who have given birth.
Laparoscopy is a modern gentle method. Its advantage is the absence postoperative scars, rapid rehabilitation after surgery.
Embolization of the uterine arteries is not used very often. The method consists of stopping the supply of the node after blocking the blood flow to it. This method is an alternative to surgery.
Doctors always try to preserve the uterus during surgery to remove fibroids. The duration of recovery depends on the method of chosen therapy, individual physiological characteristics women. In any case, if you follow the recommendations of your attending physician, you can plan to conceive within a year after the operation with normal tissue healing.
A properly formulated diet also has great value to restore the woman’s body. To normalize the functioning of the digestive tract, the level of hormones and vitamins, you must adhere to the following scheme:
Poor nutrition during the rehabilitation period will slow down the recovery process and cause general harm to the body.
After thirty, a woman should undergo a full gynecological examination every six months, this significantly reduces the risk of developing pathologies reproductive system. Regularly taking care of your health will minimize negative factors.
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A tumor in the uterus, called fibroids, is one of the TOP 5 most common pathologies of the reproductive organ. It can be single, but in some cases several formations develop at once. As a rule, in plural A subserous myomatous node may appear on the uterus. Education has almost no effect on the uterus, but significantly affects the functioning of neighboring organs.
Depending on the location of the node, uterine fibroids are divided into several types: intramural, submucous, interstitial, node in the cervix and subserous. We will consider the features of the latter in this article.
The subserous node arises on the outer membrane of the genital organ and grows towards the pelvic cavity. It is located on a wide base or on a pedicle, which is attached to the muscle layer. A characteristic feature of this type of formation is its multiplicity. This means that the uterus may be littered with nodules.
It is possible to establish an accurate diagnosis in the initial stages only with the help of ultrasound. However, even during a routine examination, an experienced gynecologist may suspect something is wrong during palpation. Heterogeneity of the uterus, uneven contours of the organ and an enlarged abdomen are reasons to send the patient for additional examination to determine the size and location of a possible formation.
The main reasons for the formation of a tumor are a failure in hormone levels and heredity. However, for a healthy woman who leads a healthy lifestyle and has good immunity, these factors are almost harmless.
The impetus for the development of a tumor can be:
- surgical interventions in the genital area, abortions and curettage. All these manipulations can damage the muscle layer of the reproductive organ and provoke a new disease.
- the presence of tumors in the breast or ovaries;
- prolonged use of birth control pills;
- inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system.
It is characterized by mild symptoms, since it almost does not penetrate the wall of the uterus. If the base of the tumor has grown deeply into the muscle layer, the following problems may occur:
Yet, these violations are rare. Often, subserous uterine fibroids affect the functioning of other systems. Indeed, sometimes it can grow up to 10 cm in diameter. With such dimensions, the pressure on internal organs inevitably. In particular, the following consequences may occur:
The most dangerous thing that can happen with this type of formation is twisting of the node located on the stem. This can happen as a result of sudden movements or heavy stress on the abs. The vessels that feed the tumor rupture, causing necrosis of tumor tissue. This may be indicated by the following symptoms, which occur immediately:
As a rule, in such a situation, surgical intervention is indicated.
Modern medicine offers several ways to treat tumors. This could be surgery or conservative treatment hormonal drugs. Medicines are used if the formation has not reached the size of a 12-week pregnancy, develops sluggishly and is not accompanied by pronounced symptoms.
Doctors may prescribe different groups drugs:
- Agonists interfere with the production of sex hormones by the ovaries. In this way, the growth of fibroids can be suppressed. Often, education even decreases.
- Antigonadotropic drugs stop the development of fibroids, but are not able to reduce the formation.
If necessary, anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as medications that alleviate the course of the disease, can be prescribed.
In addition, treatment may be accompanied by the use of dietary supplements and herbal medicine. The use of any drug must be agreed with a doctor. It is dangerous to treat yourself with folk remedies, because by affecting the tumor, herbs can negatively affect the functioning of other organs. Therefore, before recommending treatment with herbal remedies, the doctor conducts a thorough examination and prescribes tests.
If drugs are powerless, then surgery is indicated. The most gentle method is myomectomy. It involves minimal intervention and is indicated primarily for girls who want to conceive and give birth to a child.
In some cases, uterine artery embolization is effective - a microsurgical operation during which the uterine artery is blocked. special drugs. This manipulation blocks the blood flow to the node, stopping its nutrition.
In advanced cases, radical surgical intervention is indicated - removal of the node and uterus, and in some cases also the ovaries.
Compliance proper nutrition promotes a speedy recovery. Recommended:
- Eliminate fried and fatty foods from your diet.
- Eat vegetables and fruits daily. Large quantity food plant origin accelerates metabolism and normalizes intestinal microflora.
- Dairy products and nuts help restore hormone levels.
Doctors insist that the patient give up high-calorie foods. Extra pounds dangerous with this type of education. A special diet for uterine fibroids will not only help prevent other chronic formations, but will also help speedy recovery body when treatment ends.
As a rule, doctors advise:
It is worth paying attention to individual products that should be consumed strictly limit or completely eliminate from the diet:
- Everything floury and sweet in the form of buns, cakes and pastries is taboo.
- Smoked meats, fatty meats and lard are also prohibited.
- Butter can be consumed in quantities of no more than 25 grams per day, margarine - not at all.
- Processed, smoked, sausage and even hard cheeses with high fat content should also be excluded.
Steam or stew food. Dishes prepared in this way are the healthiest for the body.
Content
A myomatous node is a benign formation formed along the anterior or posterior wall of the uterus, in the thickness of the cervix or outside the uterus. The disease is otherwise called leiomyoma, or fibroma. Pathology is often diagnosed in women after thirty years of age. With the onset of menopause, the nodes on the anterior or posterior wall of the uterus usually regress.
Uterine fibroids include several varieties and intermediate variants. The wall of the uterus consists of three layers.
Myomatous nodes are represented by various types.
Myomatous interstitial nodes along the anterior wall of the uterus, as well as intramural neoplasms, are the most common types of pathology.
Nodes can develop:
By number and size, myomatous nodes can be:
Small uterine fibroids usually progress asymptomatically, which makes their diagnosis and treatment difficult.
Nodes are attached to the uterine wall:
Interstitial, located along the anterior or posterior wall of the uterus, is a hormone-dependent pathology. This type is detected in approximately 60% of cases from total number nodes Only 5% of interstitial or intramural nodes are localized in the cervical region.
Interstitial nodes come in several forms.
Typically, examination reveals a multiple interstitial form of fibroids, with formations of both small and large sizes of different locations and ages. A characteristic of small nodes is a latent course.
Typically, interstitial myomatous nodes along the anterior wall of the uterus develop asymptomatically. Localization of fibroids inside the uterine wall causes disruption of contractile function, which causes a characteristic clinical picture.
Uterine fibroids of any type progress due to hormonal disorders. Interstitial fibroids are formed during the embryonic formation of the girl’s genital organs. It has been established that uterine fibroids are associated with increased levels of estrogen hormones, which trigger the processes of proliferation of smooth muscle cells.
However, in modern gynecology, other hypotheses are also being developed to explain the occurrence of neoplasms of the uterine body. In particular, experts consider hyperplasia of muscle cells.
The etiology and pathogenesis of a disease such as uterine fibroids have not been sufficiently studied. In modern gynecology, three hypotheses are actively being developed:
Interstitial or intramural uterine fibroids go through several stages of development:
The following factors can provoke the growth of interstitial or intramural fibroids:
Interstitial and intramural myomatous tumors have different rates of progression. The volume of neoplasms is measured in weeks of pregnancy. Large fibroids uterus causes deformation of the uterus.
Before starting treatment of nodes both large and small sizes, it is necessary to eliminate provoking factors.
Signs of intramural or interstitial fibroids depend on the location along the anterior and posterior wall of the uterus, the number and size of neoplasms. The smaller the node, the less pronounced the signs of pathology. Usually small neoplasms are not accompanied by clinical picture. In particular, interstitial-subserous fibroids do not have pronounced symptoms in small volumes.
Multiple fibroids and large tumors have the following manifestations:
Often, an interstitial or a node along the anterior wall causes a constant urge to urinate. Myoma located in the cervical region can cause defecation problems and discomfort during sexual intercourse.
Large fibroids cause organ deformation, infertility and miscarriage. It has been proven that interstitial fibroids can lead to various complications during childbirth. Uterine fibroids, localized on the anterior or posterior wall, often do not prevent pregnancy.
The nodes can be located both on a wide base. When formed on a pedicle, torsion may occur. In this case, an “acute abdomen” clinic develops with severe pain and intoxication. Treatment for this condition only involves surgical tactics, since torsion leads to further necrosis.
Because intramural fibroma in most cases, it progresses asymptomatically; in modern gynecology, timely diagnosis of pathology is of particular importance, which helps prevent dangerous complications.
The pathology of the uterine body can be determined through a gynecological examination and ultrasound. These are the main research methods for this form of the disease. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs shows even small tumors. However, to detect them, the size of the tumor must be at least one centimeter.
Often, pathology is discovered during the process preventive examination. It is possible to identify a myomatous formation located, in particular, along the anterior wall using:
During treatment they have diagnostic value the following types of examination:
The interstitial or intramural type of leiomyoma should be differentiated from malignant tumors and other organ pathologies. Interstitial or intramural myomatous nodes have a favorable prognosis. These formations have a low oncological risk, progress relatively slowly, and initial stage the diseases are not accompanied by pronounced manifestations.
Treatment of intramural fibroids includes several tactics:
Waiting or observation tactics are used for small fibroids that do not cause severe symptoms. The patient regularly visits the gynecologist and undergoes examination. As the disease progresses, conservative or surgical treatment is performed.
Many doctors consider wait-and-see tactics to be wrong. In the absence of timely treatment, interstitial or intramural myomatous nodes can rapidly progress, leading to the need for surgical intervention.
Drug or conservative treatment is used for fibroids up to 12 weeks in size. A prerequisite for drug therapy is the absence of dysfunction of neighboring organs.
The patient is prescribed medications that help stop the progression of interstitial neoplasms and reduce the manifestations of the disease. Drug therapy is often prescribed before surgery to stabilize fibroid growth.
Conservative therapy is complemented by symptomatic treatment, remedies traditional medicine. Good effect provide physiotherapy methods, for example. Use as part of hirudotherapy eliminates the unpleasant manifestations of fibroids.
Surgical intervention is the main type of treatment for myomatous nodes, including interstitial or intramural types. The manipulation can be carried out:
Organ-preserving tactics are recommended for patients of reproductive age. It is advisable to plan pregnancy no earlier than six months after removal of myomatous formations. Radical treatment methods are carried out with concomitant loss of a muscular organ and oncological suspicion.
Surgical treatment is necessarily combined with hormonal and antibacterial drug therapy, which helps prevent many complications and relapses of the pathology.
The disease is otherwise called leiomyoma, myoma or fibroma. Pathology is often diagnosed in women after thirty years of age. With the onset of menopause, the nodes on the anterior or posterior wall of the uterus usually regress.
The wall of the uterus consists of three layers.
Momatous nodes are presented in various types.
Nodes can develop:
By number and size, myomatous nodes can be:
Nodes can attach to the uterine wall:
The interstitial myomatous node, located on the anterior or posterior wall of the uterus, is a hormone-dependent pathology. This type is detected in approximately 60% of cases of the total number of nodes. Only 5% of interstitial or intramural nodes are localized in the cervical region.
Interstitial nodes come in several forms.
Typically, interstitial myomatous nodes along the anterior wall of the uterus develop latently. Localization inside the uterine wall causes a disruption of contractile function, which causes a characteristic clinical picture.
The etiology and pathogenesis of a disease such as uterine fibroids have not been sufficiently studied. In modern gynecology, three hypotheses are actively being developed:
Interstitial or intramural uterine fibroids go through several stages of development:
The following factors can provoke the growth of interstitial or intramural fibroids along the anterior and posterior wall of the uterus:
Interstitial and intramural myomatous tumors have different rates of progression. The volume of neoplasms is measured in weeks of pregnancy. Large uterine leiomyoma causes its deformation.
Signs of intramural or interstitial fibroma depend on the location along the anterior and posterior wall of the uterus, the number and size of tumors. In particular, an interstitial subserous tumor does not have pronounced symptoms when its volume is small.
Multiple uterine fibroids, as well as large tumors, have the following manifestations:
Often, an interstitial or intramural node on the anterior wall of the uterus causes a constant urge to urinate. Myoma located in the cervical region can cause defecation problems and discomfort during sexual intercourse.
Large uterine fibroids often cause organ deformation, infertility and miscarriage. It has been proven that interstitial leiomyoma can lead to various complications during childbirth.
Often, pathology is detected during a routine examination. It is possible to identify a myomatous formation located, in particular, along the anterior wall of the uterus using:
During treatment, the following types of examination have diagnostic value:
Interstitial or intramural myomatous nodes have a favorable prognosis. These formations have a low oncological risk, progress relatively slowly, and at the initial stage of the disease are not accompanied by pronounced manifestations.
Treatment of the intramural form of the disease includes several tactics:
Watchful waiting is used for small nodules that do not cause severe symptoms. The patient regularly visits the gynecologist and undergoes examination. As the disease progresses, conservative or surgical treatment is performed. Many doctors consider wait-and-see tactics to be wrong. In the absence of timely treatment, interstitial or intramural myomatous nodes can rapidly progress, leading to the need for surgical intervention.
Drug or conservative treatment is used for fibroids up to 12 weeks. A prerequisite for drug therapy is the absence of dysfunction of neighboring organs. The patient is prescribed hormonal drugs, allowing to stop the progression of interstitial neoplasms and reduce the manifestations of the disease. Drug therapy is often prescribed before surgery to stabilize fibroid growth.
Surgical intervention is the main type of treatment for myomatous nodes, including interstitial or intramural types. The manipulation can be carried out:
Organ-preserving tactics are recommended for patients of reproductive age. It is advisable to plan pregnancy no earlier than six months after removal of myomatous formations. Radical treatment methods are carried out with concomitant loss of a muscular organ and oncological suspicion.
Surgical treatment is necessarily combined with hormonal and antibacterial drug therapy, which helps prevent many complications and relapses of the pathology.
Many women and young girls may encounter in their lives such a disease as uterine fibroids. It is one of the most common ailments in gynecology. There are several types of this disease, the most common being interstitial fibroids. It is more typical for young women of childbearing age, that is, from 20 to 30 years.
Failure to diagnose and treat it in a timely manner can cause problems with conceiving a child.
Interstitial uterine fibroids are the excessive formation of new muscle cells inside the walls of the uterus, which gradually form into a myomatous node. This type of fibroid is a benign tumor.
It is divided into two main types:
Interstitial fibroids are characterized precisely by their nodular structure of cellular neoplasms. Nodes are capable of reaching various sizes and are rather dense accumulations of muscle cells.
Their location can be absolutely anything, namely:
Myomatous nodes can be single or numerous. The course of the disease, accompanied by symptoms of different nature, depends on their total number and location.
Interstitial uterine fibroids develop mainly against the background of a woman’s hormonal imbalance. An increase in female sex hormones leads to the fact that the smooth muscle cells of the uterine walls begin to actively divide and increase in number. Gradually, so-called interstitial nodes are formed, which are characteristic specifically for this type of fibroid.
Crashes on hormonal level may be caused by a number of reasons, including:
Very often, the cause of the development of the disease is a genetic predisposition transmitted from generation to generation through the female line.
Depending on where the myomatous node or nodes formed, the symptoms of the disease will manifest themselves differently.
To them total number can be attributed:
If a myomatous node has formed on the back wall of the uterus, at first it will hardly make itself known. If it grows or additional similar nodes form, constant nagging pain appears in the lower back, radiating to the sacrum area. They usually get worse during menstruation.
Interstitial uterine fibroids on the anterior wall are characterized by the rapid appearance of a belly, which is typical for pregnant women, regardless of the direction of growth of the node: external or internal, into the uterine cavity. In this case, the woman will feel more sharp and cramping pain, especially before defecation. Pain may also be felt when feeling the abdomen.
This species is characterized by the location of the myomatous node, both the main and additional ones, on the outside of the uterus. Their small sizes do not cause any particular inconvenience, and practically do not show any signs.
If they increase in size, then pressure occurs on the organs of the peritoneum, primarily on the intestines, bladder and ureters. As a result, the functioning of these organs occurs. There is constant pain and discomfort in the entire abdominal area.
Problems with stool begin, constipation appears, and gases are difficult to pass. The tumor can completely block the ureters, and therefore urine flow may stop. With constant pressure on the bladder, the woman will experience a constant urge to go to the toilet.
In this case, nodes form and grow inside the uterine cavity, damaging and disrupting the integrity of the delicate and loose walls. The main difference is a sharp increase in size of the organ, in the case of a larger node or a large number of them.
A clear sign will be bleeding and traces of blood, as well as heavy periods. Menstruation is accompanied by severe pain. Pain and pain in the lower abdomen will almost always be present. In case of inflammation of myomatous nodes, the state of health deteriorates sharply and the body temperature rises.
For timely diagnosis of the problem, mandatory preventative visit a gynecologist at least once a year, preferably twice. Upon examination, the doctor can almost immediately suspect an illness based on the patient’s complaints, and an ultrasound of the genitals and pelvic organs will show a more accurate picture of the neoplasm.
Any disease can be treated well in the initial stages, and to eliminate the risk of its development, it is recommended to follow certain preventive measures.
If interstitial fibroids are diagnosed, constant monitoring of its development is required. Under no circumstances should you let the disease take its course and leave it to chance. There is a certain risk of a benign tumor developing into a malignant one, which is a threat to the patient’s life.
Depending on what stage of development the nodes are at, as well as on their number, size and location, the selection of the appropriate most effective treatment. Sometimes it takes some time to analyze their changes and growth in dynamics. Various types of chronic diseases in a woman.
The main methods of treating interstitial nodes are:
Certain appropriate treatment is prescribed strictly by a gynecologist, based on all necessary examinations and analyses. Under no circumstances should you resort to self-medication using traditional methods, as well as taking various medications.
Remember that fibroids can have dire and dangerous consequences. Do not neglect your health and life.
Myoma is a benign tumor that is located in the middle layer of the uterus, which contains cells and elements of smooth muscles in its composition. The pathology is often detected in women, and many experts have conflicting opinions about the reasons for its development. Most believe that myomatous node occurs due to hormonal imbalances.
When the connective tissue cells of the uterus begin to divide randomly, interstitial fibroids develop. As a rule, the myomatous node is localized along the back or front wall, but sometimes it extends beyond the female organ. If there is a possibility of a tumor growing through the wall of the muscle thickness in the direction of the peritoneum, then the doctor diagnoses interstitial-subserous myoma. Often there are many nodes in the uterus, each of which differs in the type of growth and stage of development. This disease is called myomatosis.
A woman’s hormonal balance can be disrupted for several reasons: after an abortion, under high neuropsychic stress, and stress. All these factors cause the uterine cells to divide, which is why a tumor forms. In addition, interstitial myomatous node can occur under the following conditions:
The reasons that cause the occurrence of nodular fibroids are not fully understood by modern medicine. Since the disease is hormonal, tumor growth is associated with high levels of estrogen. Regression often occurs with low levels of female hormones during menopause. The second reason is hereditary. It turns out that in 70% of cases, myomatous nodes are found in relatives. Other causes of tumor:
Interstitial myomatous nodes grow for a long time, and they are diagnosed accidentally during a gynecological examination using ultrasound. The first sign of pathology is menstrual irregularity. Intramuscular nodes are not subject to destruction and do not have a pedicle, so torsion or necrosis is not typical for them. When an interstitial node develops in the muscular wall, it changes the contractile function of the uterus, and it loses its tone. With pathology, heavy bleeding occurs during menstruation.
Large blood loss provokes anemia, which in a woman manifests itself as weakness, fatigue, and dizziness. Small or large multiple nodes of different shapes increase the weight and size of the uterus, increasing the load on the ligamentous apparatus. Because of this, the woman experiences constant pain and discharge of varying intensity. If an interstitial node is found along the posterior wall of the uterus during pregnancy, the woman may experience symptoms of compression of other organs.
In diagnostic centers, the disease is diagnosed using MRI, ultrasound, and hysteroscopy. With interstitial fibroids, it is easy to determine the deformation of the uterus and an increase in size during a gynecological examination. Ultrasound visualizes even very small myomatous nodes, the direction of growth, the calcification process and the composition of the uterine myometrium. On ultrasound, fibroids look like a different structure in relation to the surrounding tissues. Using hysteroscopy, you can assess the condition of the intramural and submucosal node. Such diagnostics often help to identify the initial stage of necrosis.
Interstitial uterine fibroid is a tumor-like nodular formation of a benign nature, developing from the myometrium against the background of its hypersensitivity to an imbalance of sex steroids. Manifestations of interstitial uterine fibroids can include heaviness and pain in the lower abdomen, menorrhagia and metrorrhagia, anemia, dysuria, constipation, infertility, complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Interstitial uterine fibroids are diagnosed using ultrasound, CT (MRI) of the pelvic organs, Dopplerography, hysteroscopy, and laparoscopy. For the treatment of interstitial uterine fibroids, hormonal therapy, FUS ablation, UAE, laser vaporization, myomectomy and hysterectomy are offered.
Interstitial uterine fibroids (leiomyoma, fibromyoma) are a hormone-dependent benign tumor of the body or cervix, located deep in the muscular layer. It is considered the most common form of fibroids (50-61% of cases). In 95% of cases, the body of the uterus is affected, in 5% cervical fibroids are diagnosed. Interstitial uterine fibroids can be localized within the boundaries of the myometrium (intramural form), grow inside the uterine cavity (interstitial-submucous) or to the side abdominal cavity, protruding outward (interstitial-subserous). Most often, interstitial fibroids are found in patients of childbearing age (30-45 years) - at this age it accounts for about a third of all gynecological pathologies.
The main role in the morphological restructuring of the myometrium (hyperplasia and hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells) belongs to disruption of the excretion and metabolism of estrogen and the balance between its fractions (estrone, estradiol and estriol) in different phases of the cycle. Myoma tissue, compared to normal myometrium, is rich in receptors for estradiol and progesterone. Sex steroids regulate the growth of fibroids through a complex of growth factors and inducers (IGF I and II, TGF-beta, EGF, VEGF-A, angiogenin, FGF-2), which control proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis in tumor tissue. The determining factor in the development of myomatous nodes is the excess level of estrogen, which accelerates mitotic activity and hypertrophy of cells of the altered myometrium, increasing the volume of the intercellular matrix.
The development of uterine fibroids (including interstitial) can be provoked by a woman’s endocrine disorders, organ injuries (frequent “aggressive” surgical interventions - abortions, RDV) and obesity. An important point is hereditary predisposition - the presence of fibroids in the mother or sister. The rudiments of fibroids can form even in embryogenesis due to multiple somatic aberrations in normal myometrial cells and after menarche begin to grow against the background of high ovarian activity. Risk factors for fibroids include early menarche, childlessness, pituitary and thyroid dysfunction, ethnicity (the most high frequency fibroids in African-American women), stressful situations.
Interstitial fibroids are represented by a clearly demarcated, dense rounded node of altered smooth muscle cells, connective tissue fibers and vessels, located deep in the muscular wall of the uterus; more often it is multiple. Myomatous nodes have different growth rates (simple and proliferating) and, therefore, different sizes. The size of myomatous nodes in gynecology is correlated with the size of the uterus at a certain stage of pregnancy. With large volumes of fibroids, there is a strong deformation of the uterine body (asymmetry, sphericity), a violation of its contractility. Myomas localized on the anterior and posterior walls of the uterus are considered more favorable in terms of the onset and course of pregnancy than those located on the cervix, isthmus of the uterus and near the mouths of the fallopian tubes.
Manifestations of interstitial uterine fibroids correlate with the number, volume and location of nodes, the degree of inflammatory and degenerative changes that have developed in them. Interstitial-subserous uterine fibroids have a low risk of malnutrition and destruction; when small in size (up to 2-4 cm), they are not clinically detected for a long time. At multiple fibroids And large sizes nodes (10-25 cm), the uterus noticeably increases in volume, causing compression of the intestines, bladder and nerve plexuses in the small pelvis. Patients are concerned about discomfort and a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen, periodic or constant pain syndrome in the pelvic region, pain during menstruation (algomenorrhea). Acute pain and fever appear when blood circulation in large nodes is impaired.
Interstitial uterine fibroids may be accompanied by abundant uterine bleeding, usually during menstruation (menorrhagia), less often - acyclic (metrorrhagia). It is possible to deposit a certain amount of blood in the uterus enlarged due to myomatous nodes. Prolonged and frequent menstrual and intermenstrual blood loss is complicated iron deficiency anemia, the appearance of weakness, fatigue, headache, dizziness, frequent fainting.
Compression of the inferior vena cava by bulky interstitial myomatous nodes (>20 weeks) is manifested by shortness of breath and tachycardia in a horizontal position. Myoma located on the anterior wall of the uterus causes dysuria - difficulty or frequent urination, incomplete emptying of the bladder, obsessive urge to urinate, sometimes - acute delay urine. Cervical uterine fibroids growing towards the rectum make defecation difficult, leading to constipation and hemorrhoids.
Small interstitial fibroids do not disturb reproductive function, large nodes that severely deform the uterus can cause uterine infertility or spontaneous abortion at different dates. The location of fibroids in the area of the mouth of the fallopian tube with compression of the latter complicates the process of conception. The growth of interstitial fibroids into the uterine cavity can disrupt the normal development of the fetus, lead to spontaneous miscarriage and premature birth. Attachment of the placenta in the area of the node increases the risk of premature detachment and profuse bleeding. Interstitial uterine fibroids can cause complications during childbirth - weak labor activity and bleeding.
The diagnosis of interstitial uterine fibroids is established using ultrasound, CT (MRI) of the pelvic organs, hysteroscopy, and, if necessary, RDV, diagnostic laparoscopy. With interstitial myoma, during a gynecological examination, an increase in size and deformation (lumpy surface, increased density) uterus.
Pelvic ultrasound allows you to visualize even small interstitial myomatous nodes up to 0.8-1 cm, assess the histological structure of the fibroids, the direction of growth (centrifugal, centripetal). Homogeneity, hyperechogenicity of myomatous nodes indicates the predominance of fibrous tissue, the presence of intranodular hypoechoic inclusions indicates cystic cavities or necrosis, hyperechoic elements with an acoustic absorption effect indicate the process of calcification. Using Doppler sonography, peri- and intranodular blood flow in the vascular network of the myomatous node is examined and the morphotype of the tumor is determined. With simple fibroids, a single peripheral blood flow is recorded, with proliferating fibroids – increased central and peripheral blood flow. Low blood flow speed indicates necrosis or hyalinosis of the node.
Hysteroscopy helps to identify interstitial fibroids with centripetal growth due to deformation of the inner surface of the uterus, the presence of secondary changes in the myomatous nodes. Also, determination of tumor markers in the blood, RDV with morphological analysis of endometrial tissue is carried out. Interstitial uterine fibroids must be differentiated from other types of fibroids, tumors of the uterus, pelvis and abdominal cavity (primarily malignant), pathological processes endometrium.
A radical method of treating interstitial fibroids - removal of the uterus (hysterectomy, supravaginal amputation of the uterus without appendages) - is indicated for multiple, large sizes (13-14 weeks) and rapid growth of fibroids, especially in postmenopause, necrosis or cervical location of fibroids, severe bleeding, combined pathology. In young patients of reproductive age, minimally invasive, organ-preserving treatment methods are preferred.
Functional surgery of the uterus with removal of myomatous nodes (myomectomy) makes it possible to preserve menstrual and reproductive functions, prevent prolapse and dysfunction pelvic organs. Laparotomy access is indicated for multiple voluminous (>7-10 cm) interstitial fibroids, cervical and isthmus nodes, especially posterior and lateral localization. Small interstitial nodes are removed only in preparation for pregnancy, before ovarian stimulation for infertility in women. The laparoscopic approach is used less frequently and is often not recommended due to the risk of uterine rupture during pregnancy and childbirth. Pregnancy can be planned after 6 months. after myomectomy, delivery is preferable by cesarean section.
For small interstitial uterine fibroids without noticeable symptoms, dynamic observation with annual ultrasound monitoring is possible, excluding heat and sunbathing, massage, and physiotherapy. COCs, gestagens, and sometimes androgens are used as conservative therapy. It is possible to use the Mirena intrauterine hormonal system. To create a drug-induced menopause, antigestagens (mifepristone) and GnRH analogues are used; GnRH agonists are effective during perimenopause. Innovative drugs For the treatment of fibroids, antifibrotic and antiangiogenic agents, somatostatin analogues, are used. An alternative to surgical treatment of interstitial uterine fibroids are UAE (uterine artery embolization), non-invasive FUS-MRI ablation, laser vaporization (laparoscopic myolysis).
The prognosis of interstitial uterine fibroids is considered favorable: the tumor is benign, the risk of malignancy is minimal. However, in some cases, against the background of fibroids, primary and secondary infertility may develop, with radical surgical treatment loss of menstrual and reproductive function in young patients is possible.
Uterine fibroids - common female disease. A misconception about the interstitial tumor node often plunges a woman with this diagnosis into a state of deep depression and fear.
Please note that this text was prepared without the support of our Expert Council.
Our website describes in detail modern methods of treating the disease, allowing every woman to cope with the problem of fibroids without the use of unnecessary surgical intervention. The site’s expert council will answer all your questions and schedule a consultation at one of our specialized clinics.
The interstitial node of fibroids of the anterior and posterior wall of the uterus is benign neoplasm. Until recently, it was believed that such education could degenerate into cancerous tumor, and accordingly, the only possible method of treatment was considered to be surgery to remove the tumor along with the uterus. Organ preservation was considered only in the case of surgical intervention in young girls planning a future pregnancy. It was for this reason that the diagnosis of uterine fibroids sounded like a death sentence.
Attitude towards this disease began to change only in the early 90s, when the results of scientific research proved that the interstitial node cannot degenerate into oncology. The likelihood of developing cancer with uterine fibroids is equal to the development malignant tumor and in its absence from healthy cells of the female body.
Despite this scientific discovery, most domestic doctors continue to treat the tumor using the method of removing it during surgery. On the part of doctors, this method of “treatment” is a crime against their patients. Surgery should be a last resort when other treatments have failed. Surgical intervention in most cases deprives women of the opportunity to have children in the future, and also leads to a number of complications due to the removal of the reproductive organ.
Today, fibroids (interstitial node) can be successfully treated in all clinics around the world using uterine artery embolization. This technique is also successfully used by doctors in our medical institutions. Clinics for the treatment of fibroids, where this method is practiced, are equipped with modern medical equipment and include highly qualified doctors on their staff.
Numerous studies have revealed the true nature of benign uterine tumors. It represents the reaction of the reproductive organ to damage. In this case, such damage is repeated menstruation.
The fact is that nature has laid down the main function of the female body - procreation. Thus, with the onset of reproductive age, pregnancy should follow, then a period of breastfeeding, two or three menstruation and pregnancy again. According to this plan, girls should have no more than forty menstruation in their entire lives.
Of course, in practice, not a single woman performs her reproductive function with such enthusiasm. On average, by the age of thirty, she becomes a mother once or twice, and the period of breastfeeding on average takes about a year. With this development of events, approximately 400 menstruation is observed throughout life.
It is unlikely that nature intended for the fair sex to experience a whole “bouquet” of negative sensations caused by menstruation every month. These include headaches, attacks of nausea and vomiting, pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, dizziness, frequent mood swings, tearfulness, changes in taste preferences, etc.
Every month female body prepares for pregnancy, “tuning” each of its organs. When fertilization does not occur and pregnancy does not occur, the body returns to its “original settings.”
Like any other repeated process, monthly menstruation can create errors, especially when combined with surgical interventions and inflammatory processes. This is how most diseases of the female reproductive system arise, including uterine fibroids (the interstitial node of the anterior and posterior walls of the organ).
The interstitial node along the posterior wall of the uterus, as well as the interstitial node along the anterior wall of the uterus, is initially formed from one individual cell of the uterus in the form of tiny rudiments. Tumors begin to grow amid fluctuations hormonal levels. Such changes in hormones occur during menstruation. Moreover, fibroids can grow in different ways - some faster, others slower, and others can disappear as unexpectedly as they appeared.
The growth of tumor primordia can be accelerated by certain provoking factors, including:
Separately, juvenile forms of interstitial fibroid nodes are distinguished. It is believed that damage to the cells of the uterus, from which neoplasms subsequently develop, occurs during the prenatal period. With the onset of menstruation, that is, with a sharp surge in hormone levels, the interstitial nodes of the fibroids begin to grow. Juvenile forms of neoplasms are diagnosed in girls under the age of 25.
Before the discovery of such a diagnostic method as ultrasound examination, interstitial tumor nodes were diagnosed in cases where their size reached impressive size and could be felt, or the presence of fibroids was assumed when a woman complained of heavy menstruation. In both cases we are talking about running forms interstitial tumor nodes, for which removal of the uterus is indicated. Indications for such a radical method are the size of the uterus, comparable to 12 weeks of pregnancy, as well as rapid tumor growth.
The size of the nodes is compared with the duration of pregnancy, since in both cases the uterus begins to increase in size.
However, assessing the size of interstitial nodes by stage of pregnancy is a very subjective concept. In most cases, as the tumors grow, the uterus increases in size unevenly due to the fact that fibroids grow in different sides. Some increase the organ in length, others in width. This factor leads to the fact that when examined in a chair, one doctor can diagnose a tumor comparable to the 7th week of pregnancy, and another to the 12th week. In fact, during surgery it often turns out that the interstitial myomatous node is actually the size of 6 weeks of pregnancy and its treatment does not require surgery.
The indicator “fibroid size comparable to 12 weeks of pregnancy” is very convenient for surgery. Under this “sauce”, doctors perform many operations to remove the reproductive organ. Why and who needs it?
It is obvious that domestic doctors are silent about alternative organ-preserving methods of treating interstitial nodes, since they are less profitable for hospitals, or medical institutions do not have modern equipment and qualified medical personnel to treat the disease using uterine artery embolization.
Before agreeing to have the uterus removed, you should familiarize yourself with information about the disease, methods of its diagnosis and treatment. Get acquainted with modern ideas You can learn more about what an interstitial tumor node is on our website; you can also consult by e-mail or in person with a doctor in one of our clinics.
As with any other disease, the choice of treatment for an interstitial node depends on the stage of development of the disease. In this case, we are talking about the size of the tumors and their number.
Treatment of fibroid nodes is divided into several areas:
Let's consider methods of treating interstitial nodes:
GnRH agonists are drugs with which patients are introduced into artificial menopause, against the background of which the interstitial nodes of uterine fibroids decrease in size. In addition, GnRH agonists block the production of hormones in the nodes that support their growth.
Progesterone receptor blockers. IN this group includes only one drug, Mifepristone. It blocks all binding sites of progesterone (a hormone that is a powerful factor in the growth of fibroids) with neoplasm cells. Taking the drug Mifepristone leads to a reduction in the size of the interstitial nodes of uterine fibroids, as does taking GnRH agonists, while Mifepristone is more easily tolerated by the female body.
It should be noted that drug treatment is effective when the tumor size does not exceed 5 centimeters in diameter.
The essence of the method is to block the uterine arteries that supply the uterus, and accordingly the interstitial fibroid node itself.
Thus, the neoplasm begins to dry out, like a flower without watering, and the uterus continues to function normally and perform its function, receiving blood through the ovarian arteries and other small blood vessels.
The procedure itself is performed within minutes and is absolutely safe and painless for patients.
Three months after embolization, the size of the interstitial nodes decreases by 40-45%, and after a year by 65%.
If the patient’s development of a uterine tumor was accompanied by prolonged painful and heavy menstruation, then after embolization of the uterine arteries, after just one or two menstrual cycle, the discharge returns to normal and sometimes even becomes scanty, without any pain.
Uterine artery embolization is a complete treatment method and does not require additional medications. Relapses of the development of interstitial nodes of uterine fibroids after embolization of the uterine arteries are rare.
Thus, before agreeing to undergo an operation to remove an organ if diagnosed with interstitial nodes of uterine fibroids, every woman should familiarize herself in detail with all the features of the disease itself and possible methods of its treatment.
You should not help out doctors at public clinics and be a tool for their “surgical activity.” Today, the disease can be managed with medication or uterine artery embolization. The doctors of our clinics will introduce you to each possible treatment method and develop an individual, effective and gentle treatment plan. You can make an appointment with a doctor by phone or using the electronic form on our website.
