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The main reasons for the appearance of red spots on a child’s body are considered. Symptoms of diseases that cause them and how to distinguish them from an allergic reaction.
It just so happens that in a house where there is a small child, the mother performs the functions of a pediatrician, dermatologist, infectious disease specialist, teacher, educator and many others. Parents are especially responsible for their child’s health, because the child’s body can react to foods, cosmetics, clothes and other everyday things familiar to adults in an extremely specific way.
Allergic skin reactions are the most common problem in young children. Therefore, every mother should know what allergy spots look like in a child, as well as how to distinguish this disease from other possible ailments.
Common allergies in children are caused by an immature immune system child's body react inadequately to various kinds of substances that enter it.
Children whose parents suffer from allergic diseases are at risk for allergies.
This means that it is legitimate to talk about genetic, hereditary predisposition to the development of an allergic reaction. Also, more often than other children, babies who were born premature or with low birth weight are seen by a pediatrician with skin rashes.
The provoking factor for the development of an allergic reaction in the body is an unfavorable environmental situation, frequent viral diseases, and intestinal dysbiosis.
The most common causes of allergic red spots on a child’s body are:
Photo: Severe allergic reaction in the form of spots on a child’s back
Dermatologists and pediatricians distinguish the following types of allergies on a child’s skin, depending on the root cause of its occurrence:
In addition to skin reactions, allergies in children can be accompanied by rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthmatic attacks, and laryngeal edema. Therefore, when the first ones appear warning signs It is urgent to show the baby to a highly qualified specialist in order to prevent complications.
Food allergies are the most common type of allergic reactions in children, especially in infants. This is primarily due to the quality and composition of the products consumed. Today, store shelves are crowded with an abundance of food, but it is extremely difficult to find a product without preservatives, dyes and genetically modified additives. Food allergens enter the baby's body through mother's milk. It is for this reason that all mothers are recommended to follow a strict diet upon discharge from the hospital.
However, the danger of getting an allergen through breast milk should never push mothers to give up breastfeeding.
If a woman watches her diet, does not overeat, does not get carried away with certain foods, forgetting about others, allergic complications in the child rarely occur. Moreover, when the time comes to expand the baby’s diet and introduce additional foods, those children who were breastfed tolerate this process much easier.
At the same time, every day pediatricians are faced with such a problem as food allergies, which occurs in children in the first years of life and is associated with artificial feeding and/or the introduction of complementary foods after artificial feeding. As statistics show, than before the child transferred to artificial feeding, the more likely he is to develop a food allergy.
Photo: Red spots on the face as a manifestation food allergies The baby's fragile body cannot yet fully adapt to new living and nutritional conditions.
In addition, in the first 4-6 months of life, maternal immune proteins circulate in the child’s body, which are transmitted, among other things, through mother’s milk.
They help the baby adapt to big world, and his immune system needs to get stronger and prepare for “independent” work. If there are none, or there are few of them, the unformed immunity is subject to too intense a load. It fails, causing severe allergic reactions.
Manifests this pathology small rashes on the body that can merge into round spots.
The symptoms described fit into the picture angioedema Quincke, which, along with anaphylactic shock, is life-threatening condition..
The most highly allergenic foods are:
When this type of allergy occurs, the most important thing is to identify and eliminate the effect of the allergen on the patient’s body.
Urticaria is allergic dermatitis, which is characterized by rashes all over the body in the form of pale pink blisters. Externally, the elements of the rash are very similar to burns after skin contact with nettles. The causes of urticaria can be a wide variety of factors and very often it is a reaction to drug.
Photo: Red spots on a child’s body - an allergy to antibiotics in the form of urticaria In children of different ages the symptoms of the disease may differ, but, as practice shows, up to 6 months this type of allergy practically does not occur.
From six months to two years, urticaria develops in response to:
There is a high risk of developing urticaria from clothing items: for example, 16% of children, according to the Association of Allergists, are allergic to natural wool.
Chronic urticaria in young children develops against the background of diseases gastrointestinal tract, liver pathologies, leukemia, connective tissue pathologies.
Hives symptoms vary depending on severity pathological process:
Treatment of this type of allergy is based on the use of H1-antihistamine drugs.
Toxicoderma is a group of dermatological diseases based on an allergic reaction of the body. This type diseases characterized by acute inflammatory processes on the skin and mucous membranes of children.
Depending on the root cause of the disease, food, infectious, medicinal and other types of toxicoderma are distinguished. As medical practice shows, most often the basis for the development of this pathology is allergic reaction to a medication.
With toxicoderma in children, the severity of the clinical picture depends on the severity of the allergic reaction. But, most often, this is the appearance of itching on any part of the body; small vesicles appear in the same place, which can increase significantly and turn into papules, merging with each other into large lesions.
In this case, the baby may be bothered by symptoms of general malaise and intoxication:
Photo: Toxidermy on the face infant In especially severe cases, angioedema may develop, which also affects the brain due to anaphylactic shock. Therefore, when the first tumors appear on the baby’s skin, it is necessary to urgently show him to the pediatrician, so as not to endanger the health and life of the baby.
Photodermatosis is a special form of allergic reaction that occurs against the background hypersensitivity child's body to sunlight.
Photo: Red rash on the cheeks as the appearance of photodermatitis At risk of this disease there are children under 3 years old. The following factors contribute to the occurrence of photodermatosis:
Symptoms of photodermatosis may include red rashes on areas of skin exposed to clothing, lacrimation, swelling of the face, especially in the area of the nasolabial triangle.
It is important to note that there are two forms of sun allergy - polymorphic photodermatosis proper and solar urticaria. They appear slightly differently.
If the mother notices that after being in the sun the baby’s body is covered with pink spots with blisters, then it is necessary to bring the child indoors and wash the skin clean water, give an antihistamine and show the baby to a specialist.
The rash of photodermatosis is very similar to the manifestations of a sunburn or any other allergic disease. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment should be carried out by a highly qualified doctor.
Photo: Atopic dermatitis Dermatitis is also a type of dermatological allergy. The reasons for the development of this disease are different.
Dermatitis is characterized by a clinical picture that manifests itself:
In the absence of adequate treatment and care, the rashes become covered with blisters, which, when opened, form weeping wound lesions. When infection enters inflamed areas, the blisters become purulent and can have many adverse consequences for the child’s health.
In place of the spots due to allergies, the child may have roughness and depigmented areas in the form of white spots. So that in the future the child does not worry about cosmetic defects, it is necessary to promptly diagnose and treat allergies.
Photo: Dry, scaly red spots on a child’s back - eczema A characteristic feature of allergic red spots on a child’s body is their random location. But pediatricians have restored some connection between the allergen and the location of the allergic focus:
In any case, only a qualified doctor can accurately diagnose the disease and identify its root cause.
Considering the fact that many diseases can be accompanied by the appearance of red spots on a child’s body, it is necessary to learn to differentiate allergies from other pathologies. A significant difference is the nature and location of the elements of the rash.
You need to differentiate allergies from other diseases that can cause the appearance of red spots on the body (all photos can be enlarged):
| Reaction | Characteristics of red spots on a child’s body | Photo |
| Insect bites | They appear mainly after a night's sleep on open areas of the body, have a regular round shape with a small protrusion in the center, and there is itching and pain at the site of the bite. |  |
| Prickly heat | A small nodular rash that can appear on any part of the body where there is high humidity and poor hygiene, but most often in folds of skin (behind the ears, on the neck, on the buttocks, in the groin). |  |
| Molluscum contagiosum | A viral disease that manifests itself in small nodular rashes all over the body, which at first resemble white spots; later, a compaction appears in the center of the spot, which grows from 1 to 10 mm; sometimes children are bothered by itching at the site of the neoplasm. |  |
| Scarlet fever | A childhood infectious disease that is very similar to food allergy rash, but when it appears characteristic symptoms: “raspberry tongue”, white nasolabial triangle, sore throat, etc., it is not difficult to distinguish scarlet fever; |  |
| Chickenpox | An infectious disease characterized by hyperthermia, general weakness, increased regional lymph nodes. Characteristics of the rash:
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| Measles | With this infection, the appearance of a rash is preceded by severe cough in the background high temperature, and only on the 3-4th day the baby’s body becomes covered with a small rash, which merges into one large spot. |  |
| Rubella | An infectious disease in which the lymph nodes become enlarged, a small red rash appears on the face, and later “goes” down throughout the body. |  |
| Scabies | Contagious dermatological disease, in which the patient is bothered not so much by spots on the arms, stomach and sides of the thighs, but by severe night itching; A characteristic feature of black rashes is the dual arrangement of the elements of the rash (the entrance and exit of the scabies mite). |  |
| Ringworm rosea | A disease with an incompletely studied etiology, but with several characteristic features:
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| Roseola infantum or pseudorubella | The disease, which affects young children, manifests itself critical indicators body temperature, and merged red, finely blistered rashes all over the body, which disappear without a trace after 3-4 days. |  |
| Erythema infectiosum | The disease caused by parvovirus is characterized by symptoms of general malaise, high body temperature, muscle and joint pain, and a red rash on the face. |  |
All mothers wonder how to treat such rashes on the baby’s body. Once again, I would like to remind you that any disease in children should be treated by a qualified doctor. A set of antiallergic measures should be aimed at:
In order to eliminate allergic spots on the child’s body, an appointment is prescribed antihistamines:
The choice of drug, calculation of its dose and duration of treatment will be made by the attending physician, taking into account the individual characteristics and age of the patient.
To eliminate itching and redness, it is advisable to supplement systemic treatment with local therapy. Used for children antihistamine ointments and gels:
In particularly difficult cases and only if recommended by a doctor, they can be used in short courses. hormonal ointments:
Many parents ask what to apply to their child’s allergy spots and whether iodine can be used for this purpose.
Let's just say that the choice of a drug for external use is the competence of the doctor, but iodine should not be used for allergies, since it itself can cause an allergic reaction.
In addition, when applying iodine to the very thin, delicate, but already irritated skin of a child, you can injure it even more, which will lead to serious consequences, up to a burn.
Most often, mothers ask doctors how quickly allergy spots in children go away. This question is very individual and depends on the right approach to treatment and the degree of neglect of the pathological process. But on average, improvements occur 7-10 days after the start of treatment.
The main thing in treating any disease is to listen carefully to the doctor and regularly follow all instructions!
All mothers are familiar with the situation when a rash suddenly appears on the child’s body. However, the rashes are rarely localized. Typically, they spread throughout the body.
Typically, the rash first appears on the cheeks, then on the child’s chest and then moves to other areas. To cope with it, you should know the exact reasons for its appearance. Skin rashes are usually just a symptom that needs to be investigated to determine the root cause of the problem.
Regardless of where on the body it appears, there are types of rash that can look different: a spot of any color, a lump, a vesicle, and even appear in the form of small bruises.
The most common reasons why skin rashes may appear all over the body:
If we take into account the statistics, most often a small rash on the body or face of a child without fever appears due to an allergy to an external irritant. In second place are mild forms of a small infection. The top three are insect bites. Most often this is the result of mosquito activity.
It is not necessary that the rash in children be accompanied by itching. It often happens that the child is not bothered by the problem. Therefore, it is important for the mother to regularly examine the child’s body for the appearance of skin changes in order to begin to take action in time.
In order to understand the cause of the rash in children, you need to carefully study all the factors that can cause it.
There are two types of this rash:
Not every adult can suspect an allergic rash in a child. But it is easily recognized by a person who is often and for a long time near the baby. A sign of such a reaction is a small and red rash on the child's face.
The main thing is to find out why skin problems appeared and eliminate the allergen.
Very often, a rash appears on a child’s body for this very reason. Perhaps the baby was struck by a viral infection:
Viral infections do not require special treatment. After the disease passes, the rash on the chest, face, limbs, and back also disappears.
Another reason why rashes appear can be various bacterial infections. Most often it is scarlet fever, which can be recognized by small, dot-like spots. This type of infection requires antibacterial treatment.
Children are often affected fungal infections which can cause rashes. For example, these include thrush in the mouth of infants. In this case, the rash appears in the mouth and not on the skin in children. In addition, you can understand that your baby has an infection caused by some kind of fungus if you notice a rash under the child’s nose. Treatment in this case should be prescribed by a specialist after a thorough examination.
An infectious disease can be suspected based on the symptoms accompanying the skin rash:
If such signs are present, it is necessary to show the baby to specialists for diagnosis. accurate diagnosis and prescribing effective treatment.
You can also suspect that the rash on the child’s cheeks and throughout the body is infectious in nature if there is a likelihood of contact with an already infected person. So, if there is a child at school or kindergarten with one of these diseases, most likely your child got the problem from him.
Meningococcal infection - most dangerous disease accompanied by a rash
It occupies a special place among infectious diseases, which, as a rule, do not pose a great danger and pass without consequences. This neuroinfection is the most severe form of the disease, which can even lead to death.
Meningococcal infection is caused by the microbe of the same name. Through the baby's throat it enters the baby's blood and then into the brain. Most often, a child develops meningitis, which manifests itself as hypersensitivity to light, severe headaches, muscle tension in the back of the head, and even impaired consciousness.
A rarer, but most dangerous development meningococcal infection– sepsis, which occurs with lightning speed and can lead to shock and even death. Infection begins with a sharp increase in temperature above 40° and incessant vomiting. Then, within 24 hours, a rash appears on the body in the form of small bruises, which quickly increase in size, taking on the shape of a star. IN in this case The clock counts and it is extremely important to see a doctor as soon as possible after the microbe enters the child’s body.
Before antibiotics were invented, 100% of infected babies died from this infection. But modern medicine I have learned to fight the disease, and if the diagnosis is made in a timely manner, the treatment is quite effective.
If you notice a rash in your child in the form of bruises that are rapidly taking on the shape of a star, you should immediately take your child to an infectious disease specialist. This choice of specialist dramatically increases the chances of an accurate diagnosis.
If a red rash on your child's face and throughout the body suggests an infection, you should call a doctor for a thorough examination. Before his arrival, you can alleviate the baby’s condition if:
Before visiting a doctor, it is important not to apply brilliant green or other substances with coloring properties to small rashes on the body. This can make it difficult to make a diagnosis, which can lead to the risk of inappropriate treatment.
If the skin rash is not a sign of infection and is not accompanied by a fever, you can treat it yourself.
The most important thing to remember is that any skin rash– this is just a symptom, and its manifestation can only be reduced by eliminating the original source of the problem. The exception is insect bites, which can be lubricated with a special ointment. You should also take care of prevention using special means and insect repellents.
You can help your child if you eliminate the irritants that affect the rash, thereby causing an unbearable desire to itch. Most often the fabric is too rough. Try to dress your baby in light, loose-fitting cotton clothes.
But the biggest irritant for rashes on the chest and other parts of the body is sweat. It is this that most often causes unbearable itching. And for kids with special needs sensitive skin sweat itself can cause a child to develop redness. As a rule, this is a heat rash that is temporary. Thus, to relieve your baby's itching, you should actively work to reduce sweating. For this it is desirable:
You can also use special medicines in the form of gels and ointments that are designed to relieve itching. But it is very important that they are used only after consultation with a specialist who has thoroughly examined the child and determined the cause of the rash.
Thus, the rash is a fairly harmless manifestation various diseases and reactions of the child’s body. In most cases, it goes away quite quickly and does not require serious treatment. But you should remember that the baby must be taken to the hospital immediately if:
If you are in doubt as to why exactly a small rash appeared on your child’s face or body, you should not neglect a visit to the doctor. Qualified advice will help you quickly and safely deal with the problem.
It is a serious problem as it spreads rapidly throughout the body and can become a difficult to treat disease. In the future, we will consider how to recognize this in a child and what signs they have.
This disease is easy to diagnose independently; most often it affects children under 3 years of age. Often it appears in the form of small dots. A rash on a child’s face, photo, all types of rashes should be examined very carefully. They are distinguished by the presence of a reddish tint and blisters, which increase in size when scratched. The cause of the occurrence is the entry of an allergen into the body, due to which an increased amount of histamine is produced, leading to thinning of the walls of blood vessels. In this case, the urticaria disappears quite quickly, within two hours, appearing in another place almost immediately. The irritants are:
To make a diagnosis, it is enough to tell your doctor the time and place of the onset of the initial symptoms.
To make sure the diagnosis is correct, the doctor may conduct a test skin tests, examination of the whole body and take a blood test.
Urticaria should be treated immediately, because it can develop into a severe form, which will be accompanied by labor-intensive treatment and a long onset of results.
A rapidly passing change in skin color - it is noticeable in cases where a naked baby lies on one side and is turned over to the other. One side becomes more pink, and the other, on the contrary, becomes paler. The color changes very quickly, literally before our eyes, and returns to normal in a few minutes. Skin color evens out faster if the child cries or moves actively. This phenomenon is observed only in every tenth baby born on time, and most often parents do not pay attention to it. You can notice a change in skin color from the first days of a baby’s life, and the phenomenon goes away by one month old. Pediatricians explain this phenomenon by the development of the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the expansion of small vessels.
Erythema toxicum– this phenomenon is observed in 55% of newborns and occurs in babies born at term with normal body weight. Signs of toxic erythema can be detected both immediately upon birth and after two to three days.
With toxic erythema, red, swollen spots up to 3 millimeters in size appear on the baby’s body, as well as blisters, which gradually take on the appearance of “mosquito bites.” Typically, rashes are observed on the face, arms and legs, and body. The child’s feet and palms are not affected by this type of rash.
During the newborn period, a vesiculopustular rash is a consequence of infection with herpes, candida, staphylococcus or other pathogenic infections.
To determine the pathogen, an analysis of the contents of the bubbles is taken. Most often, the rashes do not affect the baby’s condition and disappear on their own in a week or less. But sometimes they can worsen his well-being and last longer. Despite this, erythema is not dangerous to the health and life of the child and does not require special methods therapy.
Transient pustular melanosis
This phenomenon is five times more common in children of the Negroid race ( in 5% versus 1% in babies with white skin color). The rash in this case is a pigmented rash, like large freckles. The skin does not turn red. At first, the skin becomes covered with red spots and blisters, which after a while burst and in their place “freckles” appear, which independently discolor after about a month.
Hormonal acne of newborns
This phenomenon occurs in approximately every fifth newborn baby. Usually these are closed comedones covering the cheeks and forehead, rarely there are blisters, red pimples or open comedones.
It is believed that these rashes appear with increased work sebaceous glands child caused by male sex hormones obtained from the mother’s body or produced in the child’s body. This is a temporary phenomenon that disappears on its own without a trace. Most often, newborn acne is not treated with anything. But sometimes, if they are too abundant, the skin is lubricated with benzoyl peroxide ointment. Before use, you should test for tolerance by smearing a small area of your baby's skin on the inner bend of the elbow. If acne does not disappear long time, this may indicate increased work of the adrenal glands and other metabolic disorders.
Sebaceous cysts
These are yellowish or white with a diameter of up to 2 millimeters, which are formed when the secretions of the sebaceous glands in the skin are inhibited. This phenomenon is observed in half of children in the neonatal period. They usually appear on the face, but rarely on the mucous membranes, genitals and limbs. Sebaceous cysts do not need to be treated with anything; they will go away on their own no later than by the age of three months.
Prickly heat
This type of rash occurs when sweat cannot pass through the ducts and is inhibited in sweat glands Oh. The work of sweat glands and ducts in newborn babies is still imperfect, so prickly heat is a fairly common phenomenon. It is observed in 4 children out of 10 born. Most often observed in the first four weeks after birth. The rash may be red or may resemble millet grains.
Since the disease usually goes away on its own and does not affect the overall well-being of the baby at all, no treatment is carried out. Medicines are used only in special cases. Many mothers and fathers are embarrassed by unsightly crusts on the baby's head. They can be easily removed with a soft brush after bathing and treatment with an emollient cream. Crusts are removed very quickly and effectively even after treating the skin with vegetable oil.
Some doctors prescribe shampoos with tar or selenium sulfide. However, these products should not be used for their own purposes.
Allergic contact dermatitis manifests itself in redness of the skin, burning, itching and the appearance of small blisters on the skin. If the drug is used for the first time, symptoms may appear after five to seven days. If it was used before, then dermatitis may develop on the very first day. To eliminate the symptoms of the disease, you should discontinue the antibiotic ointment and treat the affected areas with glucocorticoid preparations ( as prescribed by a doctor).
There are three possible causes of rash after vaccination.
1.
The vaccine components multiply in the skin.
2.
Allergy to any component of the vaccine.
3.
The vaccine caused bleeding.
If the vaccine is not inactivated, then mild rashes are a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of foreign microbes. This is typical for vaccines against measles, rubella, and mumps.
A rash in the form of small dots may be a consequence of a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. This happens after rubella vaccination, but very rarely. But the same points may indicate that vaccination provoked the development of vasculitis - this is a severe autoimmune disorder affecting the vascular walls.
In some cases, a vaccination provokes a specific reaction of the body, for example, this happens after a measles vaccination: five to ten days after the vaccine is administered, the body may become covered with a rash, which quickly passes. Body temperature may also increase.
The source of infection is a sick person who releases pathogens with tiny particles of saliva and bronchial mucus during sneezing, coughing and even conversation. Incubation period from two to seven days. After which the child’s body temperature rises sharply to 39–40 degrees, his health worsens, and his throat hurts. Rashes can be observed starting from the end of the first day. The spots appear on the neck, shoulders, chest and back, after which short time cover the entire skin. The rashes are most intense on the side surfaces of the body, stomach, and inner surfaces of the elbows. Rashes bright color, very small and closely spaced. The skin often itches.
Very characteristic are rashes on the face that cover it thickly, leaving only nasolabial triangle, called scarlet fever. After 7–9 days, the rash turns pale and the skin begins to peel off. The first to peel off are the earlobes, neck, fingertips, feet and palms. The skin is completely cleared after 15 – 20 days.
The child’s temperature rises to 38–39 degrees, he is lethargic, and often vomits. In the very first hours, the body is covered with small vesicles with a diameter of up to 5 mm. The skin around the blister turns red. First inside the bubbles clear liquid, which becomes cloudy after a day, the middle of the vesicle shrinks and a crust appears. After a week, two crusts dry out and fall off by themselves. At the site of each bubble, a red spot remains for quite a long time. If you pick off the crust ahead of time, a chip will remain. The blisters are usually very itchy. If they also form on the mucous membranes, the child may cough.
The first rashes appear on the head, face, then on the body and, finally, on the arms and legs. In some cases, they even appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes. Vesicles never form on the feet and palms.
A feature characteristic of this particular disease is that when new blisters appear, the child’s temperature may rise.
Against the background of the above, a rash called measles enanthema also appears. These are small red spots in the mouth and on the palate. In addition, on the inside of the oral mucosa you can see whitish grains, similar to semolina. It is these whitish spots that clearly indicate measles - this is a very characteristic sign of the disease.
But all these spots on the mucous membranes disappear as soon as a rash appears on the body. The child's temperature rises again and his general condition worsens.
The rash covers the entire surface of the body, it is very small, but can merge. Nearby, the rash appears as blisters up to 2 millimeters in diameter, around which the skin turns red and forms a spot a centimeter in diameter. Sometimes, when severe course diseases, the skin becomes covered with small hemorrhages.
The body becomes covered with a rash for 3 days. First the neck and face, then the body, upper legs and arms, then the feet. The rash is thicker on the face, shoulders, chest and neck.
After 4 days, the rash becomes less bright, the skin in the area of the rash peels off finely and darkens. 5 days after the first rash, the child’s body temperature decreases and his condition returns to normal. For about another 10 to 14 days, traces of rashes can be seen on the body, after which the skin is completely cleared.
If microorganisms are transferred by blood to other parts of the body, the skin may become covered with bright red rashes. These rashes are hemorrhagic in nature and represent hemorrhages from the capillaries. They indicate infection of the body with the causative agent of meningitis.
These rashes differ in that they most often cover the buttocks, thighs and back. They look like stars or irregularly shaped spots. This disease is very dangerous, so at the slightest suspicion you should immediately call a doctor or an ambulance.
1.
It is advisable to call a doctor at home, as the cause of the rash may be a contagious infection. Other children and pregnant women should be protected from communicating with the child. Update: October 2018
Any mother, seeing suspicious rashes on her baby’s skin, begins to look for their cause. Some almost always urgently call a doctor after feeding the child unnecessary medications. Other parents try not to pay attention to the rash, especially if the child feels well. But both of them are doing the wrong thing. You just need to navigate the main types of rashes to make the right decision.
Erythema toxicum rash affects half of all full-term newborns. The main elements are white-yellow papules or pustules with a diameter of 1-2 mm, surrounded by a red rim. In some cases, only red spots appear, from a few to almost complete damage to the skin (except for the palms and soles). The maximum rash appears on the 2nd day of life, then the rash gradually disappears. The exact causes of erythema toxicum are unknown; the rash goes away on its own.
A condition that 20% of all babies go through by the age of three weeks. A rash in the form of inflamed papules and pustules appears on the face, less often on the scalp and neck. The cause of the rash is the activation of the sebaceous glands by maternal hormones. Most often, acne in newborns does not require treatment; careful hygiene and moisturizing with emollients are necessary. Unlike juvenile acne, newborn acne does not leave behind spots or scars and takes up to 6 months to resolve.
Frequent rashes in newborns, especially in the warm season (see). It is associated with difficult release of the contents of the sweat glands and increased skin moisture during wrapping. Typical places of occurrence are the head, face and diaper rash areas. Blisters, spots and pustules rarely become inflamed, do not cause discomfort and go away with good care.
A synonym for this disease is atopic eczema or. Every 10 children suffer from this disease, but not everyone develops the typical triad of symptoms. The triad includes allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and eczema itself. 
The first signs of the disease appear in the first year of life and more often the rash appears on the face, cheeks, and extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. The child is bothered by unbearable itching, which intensifies at night and with temperature and chemical effects on the skin. In the acute stage, the rash looks like red papules with scratches and liquid discharge.
In the subacute period, sometimes it thickens. This is due to constant scratching of the affected areas.
Most children recover from this disease without consequences. 
Only with a hereditary predisposition can the disease become chronic with the addition of asthma and allergic rhinitis (see).
In case of individual intolerance to drugs and food products The child may develop allergic rashes. They have different shape and size, the rash can be located all over the body, on the arms, legs, back, and stomach. The main distinguishing feature allergic rash is its intensification under the influence of an allergen and disappearance after the latter is discontinued. Usually severe itching- the only unpleasant effect of such rashes. 
Very often, marks from insect bites terrify parents and force them to look for infectious causes of such rashes. If any skin rashes you need to analyze where and how long the child spent time. Perhaps a weekend in the village with your grandmother was accompanied by a trip to the forest and a massive attack of midges, so most often bite marks appear on open areas of the skin - in the form of a rash on the arms, legs, face, and neck.
Typical bite marks are caused by the following processes:
Symptoms of bites:
| Mosquitoes | Bedbugs |
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| Bees and wasps | Scabies mites |
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Rash on the body of a child - important symptom many diseases. Some of them do not even require treatment and go away on their own, while some threaten health and life little man. Therefore, if you have any suspicious symptoms, you should consult a doctor and not self-medicate.
Most common cause the rash on the child’s body is viral or bacterial infection. In turn, among them there are 6 main diseases.
The disease is caused by parvovirus B19, which is common in all countries of the world. The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets; contact transmission is possible in close children's groups. Symptoms of erythema infectiosum: 
The rash forms on the extensor surfaces; the hands and feet are usually not affected. The fading of spots occurs gradually, over 1-3 weeks. The rash is usually an immune-related post-infectious complication, so children with patches of erythema are not contagious and do not need to be isolated.
Herpes virus type 6 causes a typical childhood disease - sudden exanthema (roseola). The peak incidence occurs between 10 months and 2 years of age, and contacts with sick children are rarely identified. Transmission usually occurs from adults through airborne droplets. Symptoms:
Roseola - very specific disease, but it often goes unrecognized by pediatricians. Since teeth are actively cutting at the age of 1 year, fever is attributed to this condition. It must be remembered that teething never causes a temperature above 38 degrees. With this heat there is always another reason!
Chicken pox (chickenpox) is a primary infection with the varicella zoster virus, similar in structure to the virus herpes simplex. Most children become infected before the age of 15. Transmission of the disease occurs through the air or by contact (the virus is present in the discharge from the rash). Symptoms:
Virus chickenpox in the majority of children who have recovered from the disease, it passes into a latent form, firmly strengthening in nerve cells. Subsequently, a second wave of the disease may occur in the form (Fig. 2.), when bubbles form along the nerve trunk, often on the lower back.
Complications of the disease occur rarely, mainly in weakened children with primary immunodeficiency and AIDS. At congenital chickenpox there is a possibility of disability and death of the newborn. In 2015, in Russia, the chickenpox vaccine should be included in national calendar vaccinations.
Meningococcus is a bacterium that is normally found in the nasopharynx in 5-10% of people, without causing serious problems. But under certain conditions, this microbe can cause life-threatening conditions, especially in young children. Meningococcus is transmitted by air, settling in the nasal cavity. With viral infections or a decrease in quality of life, carriage can develop into active disease. If meningococci are detected in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, urgent treatment with antibiotics is required in an intensive care unit. 
Once in the blood, the bacterium can cause:
Sepsis - the disease begins with an increase in temperature to 41 degrees, uncontrollable vomiting. During the first 24 hours, a characteristic petechial rash (small bruises that grow and take on a star-shaped shape) appears against the background of pale gray skin.
The rashes are located on the limbs, torso, can rise above the skin, often ulcerate and form scars. At the same time, purulent foci may appear in organs (heart, pericardium, pleural cavity). In young children, sepsis often occurs at lightning speed with the development of shock and death.
Meningitis is a more common manifestation of infection. Patients complain of photophobia, headache, disturbances of consciousness, tension in the neck muscles. With isolated meningitis, there is no characteristic rash.
is a previously common viral disease that now occurs in short outbreaks in certain regions. In recent years, the virus has reared its head again due to widespread anti-vaccination agitation. Most people are highly susceptible to the measles virus, so if one child in a group of children gets sick, then 90% of the remaining unvaccinated children are at risk of becoming infected.
The disease occurs in three stages:
Complications (usually occur in unvaccinated children):
The diagnosis is usually made by characteristic symptoms, and sometimes blood is taken to determine immunoglobulins. Treatment directly against the virus has not been developed, so you just need to alleviate the child’s condition with antipyretics. There is evidence that taking vitamin A by children with measles significantly mitigates the course of the infection. Vaccination of children can reduce the incidence of the disease and the risk of severe complications. It must be remembered that 6-10 days after the vaccine is administered, milder signs of the disease may appear (low fever, a small rash on the child’s body), which pass quickly and do not pose a health hazard.
An acute viral infection that affects mainly 5-15 years of age. Rubella symptoms:
Rubella often occurs without a rash at all, so it is difficult to distinguish it from other infections. The virus is dangerous mainly for expectant mothers. When infected before the 11th week of pregnancy, most children have birth defects development. After the 16th week, the risk of anomalies is low, but there is a possibility of congenital rubella with damage to the brain, skin, and eyes. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, all women need to find out the level of antibodies to rubella in order to vaccinate if they are absent.
- a disease caused by group A streptococci. This means that the source of infection is not only patients or carriers of scarlet fever, but also people with any pathology caused by these bacteria (sore throat, for example). Scarlet fever is transmitted by airborne droplets. Symptoms:
The Epstein-Barr virus, which causes , belongs to a large group of herpes viruses. The disease most often affects children and young people, and often occurs without a rash or other characteristic symptoms. The degree of contagiousness of patients with mononucleosis is low, so outbreaks do not occur in children's groups. Symptoms:
| Hidden period | Symptoms | Rash | Period of infectiousness and vaccination | |||
| View | Time and order of appearance | Traces | ||||
| Measles | 10-12days |
|
Large maculopapular, bright, may merge | After 3-5 days of illness - behind the ears, along the hair. Then it goes down to the feet (in three days) | Bruising and peeling | 4 days before the first rash and up to 5 days after it disappears. Vaccination - at 1 year, 6 years |
| Rubella | 2-3 weeks |
|
Finely spotted, pale pink | On the first day of illness on the face, after 24-48 hours - throughout the body, disappears after 3 days. | Disappears without a trace | Contagiousness during the period of rash, a few days before and after it. Vaccination -12 months, 6 years |
| Scarlet fever | 2-7 days |
|
Fine-dot (1-2 mm), bright | Simultaneous rash, intense rash in the folds of the body. Pale nasolabial triangle. | Leaves peeling | contagiousness 10 days from the onset of symptoms, with streptococcus carriage - constant contagiousness |
| Infectious mononucleosis | Unknown |
|
Diverse in shape and size, does not always occur | On the 5-6th day of illness, sometimes later. More intense on the face, but also present on the body | Disappears without a trace | The virus is low infectivity and is transmitted more often through sharing utensils and kissing |
| Erythema infectiosum | 4-28 days |
|
Red spots | Red spots from the face spread to the entire body, especially to the extensor surfaces. Before disappearing, they take on the appearance of a ring with a white center. | Disappear for a long time, can reappear within 3 weeks under unfavorable conditions | Children are usually not contagious once the rash appears. |
| 5-15 days |
|
Fine spotted | The spots appear after the temperature on the body normalizes. | Disappears within a few hours or days without a trace | Infection most often occurs from adults who are carriers of herpes virus type 6 | |
| Chicken pox | 10-21 days |
|
Spots, papules, blisters and crusts. | The beginning is on the scalp, face, torso. Then it spreads to the whole body. Different elements of the rash are present simultaneously. | there are no marks, but if scratching causes an infection - scars may remain |
48 hours before the rash appears and before crusts form on all elements (up to 2 weeks). It is planned to be included in the vaccination calendar in 2015. |
| Meningococcal sepsis | - |
|
From small bruises to extensive hemorrhages | More often - lower limbs and torso. | Extensive hemorrhages can develop into ulcers and scars. | Throughout the illness |
