Ultrasound examination of the ovaries is the most important examination for women aimed at diagnosing complications, pathologies or diseases reproductive system female body. The ovaries themselves are small glands that are located in the pelvic area in women. You can identify the shape, size and presence of pathologies in the ovaries in different ways, but the most popular and effective is ultrasound examination of the ovaries.
An ultrasound examination of the ovaries is best performed in conjunction with an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs. This will allow you to visualize full picture health status of the genitourinary and reproductive systems. An ultrasound examination of the ovaries is prescribed if pathologies of the reproductive system are suspected:
The main thing that needs to be done is to properly prepare for an ultrasound examination of the ovaries. You need to follow a diet and fill your bladder 2 hours before the examination. More detailed recommendations below.
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3 days before the procedure |
The evening before the event |
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From your daily diet you need to exclude products that can contribute to increased gas formation: fatty fish and meat, carbonated drinks, brown bread, baked goods, dairy products, juices, legumes, vegetables and fruits |
Light dinner, last meal no later than 20:00. You should not eat meat and fish products, even if they are dietary. |
In cases where the examination is scheduled for the morning, breakfast on the day of admission is excluded |
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If there is a stable tendency to constipation, then it is imperative to take a laxative orally no later than 16:00. |
Examination after 15:00 is possible light breakfast, but no later than 11:00 |
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Meals should be fractional, in small volumes, 4-5 times a day |
If the patient’s body does not tolerate laxatives well, then you can use a Besacodyl suppository (constipation suppositories) |
1-2 hours before the procedure, fill your bladder by drinking 1-2 liters of water |
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2 days before the test, you need to do an enema to cleanse the intestines. |
IMPORTANT: Before the procedure itself, you should not smoke, take antispasmodics, or chew chewing gum, sucking lollipops and other sweets. |
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Permitted for use: durum grain porridge, lean poultry, lean fish, cheese, tea, coffee. |
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Ultrasound examination of the ovaries can be performed using three different methods: transabdominal method, transrectal method or transvaginal method.
With the transabdominal method, the pelvic organs are examined through abdominal wall patient. This method is absolutely painless and safe for the human body.
With the transrectal method, a sensor with a disposable condom and applied gel is inserted into the rectum. This method is used extremely rarely and only in cases where the patient has contraindications for two other methods of diagnosing the ovaries. Discomfort may occur when the sensor is inserted and moved in the rectum. If you feel pain, tell your doctor immediately.
With the transvaginal method, a sensor with a disposable condom and applied gel is inserted into the vagina to a depth of 3-4 cm. This procedure is less unpleasant than a standard examination on a gynecological chair. Pain and severe physical discomfort can be observed if patients have serious pathological abnormalities of the internal genital organs. This is the most informative method! It is best to be examined on the 10th day of the cycle. Important: in the 3rd trimester this method examinations can stimulate muscle tone, which leads to undesirable consequences.
At the DoctorStolet multidisciplinary medical center, you can always undergo an examination - an ultrasound examination of the ovaries. Our medical center located between the Konkovo and Belyaevo metro stations. The journey from each of them will take no more than 10 minutes. Here you will find highly qualified personnel and the most modern diagnostic equipment. Our clients will be pleasantly surprised by our quite affordable prices.
Ultrasound examination is affordable, comfortable and safe method, which allows you to identify the disease before the first symptoms appear. The investigation is also carried out if there are complaints indicating a malfunction in the work of a particular body. You need to understand how an ultrasound scan of the ovaries in women works and what it shows in order to fully realize the full value of this diagnostic procedure.
Ultrasound examination of the ovary of women is carried out in the following situations:
It is important to know: ultrasound of the ovaries, cervix and uterus is all an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs. The doctor does not look at one organ separately - he evaluates their condition together and finds out the full picture of the disease.
In reproductive age, when the ovaries are functioning and menstruation occurs, a routine ultrasound of the pelvic organs is best done on the 5-7th day of the cycle. During this period, the endometrium is thinned, and nothing prevents the doctor from assessing the condition of the uterus and appendages. By special indications the study can be carried out on another convenient day. For example, to assess follicle growth, ultrasound is performed on the 8-12th day of the cycle and is repeated every 2 days until the desired result is obtained.
An emergency ultrasound scan of the pelvic organs is performed when the following complaints occur:
In these situations, an ultrasound can be done on any convenient day. Before the onset of menarche (the first menstruation in a girl’s life) and after menopause (the last menstruation), the time of the study also does not matter.
In gynecology, there are three options:
The choice of method is determined by the indications for the examination, the reproductive status of the woman and the technical capabilities of the clinic.
Before performing a transvaginal ultrasound, you must:
Preparation for a transabdominal ultrasound includes drinking a large volume of fluid - 1 liter of still water an hour before the examination. You cannot urinate until the procedure is complete. This preparation allows you to fill your bladder. The full organ displaces the intestinal loops, and the pelvic organs are clearly visible. With an empty bladder, the ovaries may not be visualized.
Ultrasound of the uterus and ovaries is performed in a specially equipped room. The woman sits on the couch, laying down a clean sheet or diaper. For a transabdominal examination, it is sufficient to expose the lower abdomen. The doctor will lubricate the woman’s skin with a special gel to improve signal conduction, and then move the sensor across the abdomen in the desired direction. The procedure is completely painless, but there is an unpleasant tugging sensation over the pubis when the sensor is passed. Such sensations are associated with overcrowding bladder, and you just need to wait them out.
During a transvaginal ultrasound, the woman completely undresses to the waist and lies on the couch on her back, with her knees bent and spread apart. The doctor puts a condom on the sensor, lubricates it with gel and inserts it into the vagina. The procedure is unpleasant, but painless. Women who have not given birth report some discomfort when the sensor is inserted. Women who have given birth usually do not have any complaints.
Transrectal ultrasound is performed in the lateral position with knees bent. Before diagnosis, you must undress to the waist. The doctor inserts a sensor, wrapped in a condom and lubricated with gel, into the rectum. The procedure is very unpleasant, but you will have to endure it. Sometimes only a transrectal sensor can see some pathological processes of the pelvic organs.
Ultrasound of the ovaries can reveal various pathologies:
An ultrasound scan helps find the cause pathological process and choose the optimal treatment.
Gynecological ultrasound can also detect diseases of the uterus and fallopian tubes. The technique is actively used in diagnostics various conditions during pregnancy.
Tell me, on what day of the menstrual cycle is an ultrasound of the uterus and ovaries performed? The doctor advised me to undergo an examination, but the date was not indicated in the direction. Svetlana, 20 years old.
Ultrasound of the uterus and ovary is done by default on the 5-7th day of the cycle, unless the doctor gives other instructions.
The interpretation of the ultrasound is carried out by a gynecologist, taking into account the woman’s age.
Interpretation of examination results begins with assessing the size of the uterus. Normally, women of reproductive age have the following parameters:
Slight deviation is allowed normal sizes uterus in any direction up to 1-1.5 cm.
Normally, the uterus is located in the midline of the pelvis; it can be deviated anteflexio (forward) or retroflexio (backward). Both of these options are acceptable, only the angle of inclination matters. With a strong bend, complications associated with conception and gestation may develop.
On ultrasound, the ovaries appear as ovoid formations located on the sides of the uterus. In the first phase of the cycle, 5-12 follicles are visible in the stroma of the organ. Closer to the time of ovulation, the doctor can see the maturing follicles and identify the dominant one among them - the carrier of the egg.
Normal ovarian sizes:
Closer to the middle of the cycle and ovulation, the ovaries slightly increase in size due to the growth of the dominant follicle. This follicle reaches a size of 1.5-3 cm. After ovulation is completed, the ovaries become smaller, and the corpus luteum is revealed in the stroma - a temporary gland that secretes progesterone. At the end of the cycle, the corpus luteum regresses. If the gland remains, you should think about pregnancy.
Uterus nulliparous women remains within the generally accepted norm. The length of the organ is about 5-8 cm, width - up to 6 cm, thickness - about 3.5 cm. A decrease in these indicators may indicate congenital hypoplasia of the uterus. Exceeding this norm before birth occurs with hyperplastic processes and inflammatory changes.
The thickness of the endometrium (the mucous layer of the uterus) during menstruation is 10-15 mm, but then in the first phase of the cycle it does not exceed 5 mm. In the second phase, the endometrium gradually increases to 10 mm.
The uterus of women who have given birth is slightly increased in size:
The sizes of the endometrium and ovaries do not differ from those of nulliparous women.
IN menopause There is some reduction in the size of the uterus:
During menopause, the thickness of the endometrium should not exceed 5 mm.
The size of the ovaries decreases during menopause:
Follicles and the corpus luteum are not detected during menopause.
The normal volume of the ovaries is 3-9 cubic meters. cm. You can calculate the volume of an organ using the formula:
Ovarian volume = length × width × thickness × 0.532
Determining the volume of the gonads is important in Diagnosis of PCOS, oophoritis, endometriosis, cysts, tumors and other pathologies. An increase in the indicator indicates that the size of the organ is increased, and it is necessary to look for the cause of this condition.
Ultrasound can reveal the following abnormalities:
It happens that the ovary is not visible on an ultrasound. This is possible in the following situations:
The ovary may not be visible if before the study the woman did not follow a diet, did not perform a cleansing enema, or did not fill her bladder for a transabdominal ultrasound. In this case, the organ is not visualized behind the intestinal loops.
For the last six months I have not been able to understand what is happening to me. My periods always went normally, on time, lasting 5 days. IN lately Menstruation comes with a delay of several days, the discharge is scanty, lasting barely 3 days. I did an ultrasound. The doctor said that there is no pathology of the uterus, but the ovaries are not visualized on ultrasound. What does it mean? Elena, 37 years old.
If the ovaries are not visible on ultrasound, and surgery to remove them was not performed, you should think about organ hypoplasia. At the same time, the ovaries decrease in size and with ultrasound scanning are not determined. This symptom may indicate early menopause or pathology endocrine organs. You need to undergo an examination by a gynecologist to find the cause of this condition.
Set free question doctor
The normal size of the ovaries according to ultrasound in women is important indicator, which characterizes its reproductive system. Using ultrasound, you can determine the size and shape of the ovaries and their location.
The data obtained as a result of the study must be compared with normal values. Regular examinations will help to identify in time possible deviations, which provoke diseases of the female reproductive system.
Usually, during an ultrasound, the doctor diagnoses not only the ovaries, but also other reproductive organs. This method is called gynecological ultrasound. There are 3 ways to examine the ovaries using ultrasound:
Transabdominal diagnosis involves the use of a wide sensor. The doctor runs this device along the front wall of the woman’s abdomen, looking at the condition. internal organs. Until recently, this was the only way to examine the organs of the female reproductive system using ultrasound. Today it has been established that the transabdominal method allows us to identify only gross pathology.
Transvaginal ultrasound is performed using a special thin sensor that is inserted into the vagina.
Transrectal examination is usually prescribed for virgins. If the abdominal sensor does not detect any pathology, then a special device must be inserted into the rectum.
To undergo an ultrasound and get reliable results, you need to prepare for the diagnosis in advance. If the doctor uses a transabdominal sensor, then 3 days before it is necessary to exclude foods that can cause fermentation from the diet. These include cabbage, black bread, carbonated drinks, and legumes. It is also advisable to drink sorbent or Espumisan, and an hour before the ultrasound you need to drink up to 1 liter ordinary water, since diagnosis is carried out with a full bladder.
For a vaginal examination, the bladder must be empty, but 1-2 days before the examination you also need to take a sorbent. The same conditions must be observed before undergoing transrectal diagnostics. In addition, the rectum must be empty. If it is difficult to do this on your own, you can use glycerin suppositories, do enemas or microenemas, or drink a laxative.
The attending physician should prescribe an ovarian ultrasound procedure for women. It all depends on the goals of the diagnosis. During a routine examination, it is advisable to conduct the study on days 5-7 of the cycle. The procedure can be done during menstruation or immediately after it. If the doctor needs to evaluate the functioning of the organ, then it is advisable to do an ultrasound several times during the cycle. For example, on the 10th, 16th and 24th day of the cycle.
Pelvic ultrasound in women: when and on what day of the cycle is it recommended to do it
To begin with, it is important to note that in a healthy woman of reproductive age, the ovaries can change in size. This is influenced by hormone levels and general condition body. Also, their size depends on the woman’s age, the number of pregnancies (both interrupted and those that ended in childbirth). As a rule, the right and left ovaries are not the same; the difference in size is usually no more than a few mm. If the ovaries are disproportionate, this may indicate inflammation or the presence of a tumor.
The main indicator that doctors focus on is not the length or width of the ovary, but its volume. By comparing this indicator with the norm, the specialist will be able to determine the presence of cysts, tumors or other pathologies.
It is not worth making a diagnosis based only on ultrasound of the ovaries, since the indicators have a fairly large scatter. For staging accurate diagnosis many factors must be taken into account.
When the ovaries begin to work during puberty, they may undergo a number of changes. During pregnancy, they increase in size as blood flow to the genitals increases. This is necessary for the fetus to be nourished. useful substances. If the uterus with the fetus, which is continuously growing, gradually increases, then it is capable of displacing the pelvic organs upward. At the same time, the size of the ovaries increases by a couple of cm.
It is also important to note that during pregnancy, the ovaries do not produce eggs and are not able to produce estrogen. But instead, the paired organs produce progesterone. This hormone is necessary for pregnancy and childbirth. After the birth of a child, the ovaries gradually decrease in size. As a rule, within 2 months the synthesis of estrogen is completely resumed and the woman’s body normalizes reproductive function. But if a woman is breastfeeding, then the restoration of the size of the paired organs slows down and their normal functioning begins only after breastfeeding is completed.
The ovaries are located at the so-called ribs of the uterus. The distance from them to the uterus may vary, although gynecological ultrasound does not indicate such indicators. Normal operation paired organs excludes the presence of any neoplasms filled with fluid. The presence of other tumor-like growths is also considered a deviation from the norm.
What should be the diet before an abdominal ultrasound?
There are times when the doctor cannot detect the ovary using ultrasound. This is possible in the following cases:
In the last 2 cases, you need to re-diagnosis, having previously prepared for it. It is recommended to take Espumisan or sorbent.
A woman’s reproductive function declines with age, and this process is also reflected in the size of the ovaries. With age, they decrease, and when postmenopause occurs, the ovaries become the same size. During this period normal indicators are considered:
When post-menopause occurs, the ovaries still continue to produce single follicles throughout the early years. Because of this, millimeter fluctuations in the size of paired organs are possible.
Cystic formations frighten women most of all. If a doctor sees an ovarian cyst using an ultrasound, then you should not panic ahead of time. There are tumors that form due to changes in hormone levels. They usually disappear on their own. Such neoplasms are called physiological. These include:
If the doctor discovered a corpus luteum on the ovary during an ultrasound, then this is a luteal cyst. It appears where the mature egg has emerged from the follicle. The diameter of such a neoplasm is more than 30 mm. Many women worry about how this disease goes away. If pregnancy does not occur, then after several cycles the cyst disappears. During pregnancy, it can remain until the placenta completely takes over the production of progesterone. This period can last about 4 months.
A follicular cyst forms at the site of follicle maturation. It usually grows from the first day of menstruation until ovulation. The diameter of such a neoplasm can reach 5 cm. Often the follicular cyst ruptures. This process is accompanied sharp pain in the stomach. In this case, there is no need to delay emergency hospitalization. But most often this tumor goes away on its own.
The remaining cysts are classified as pathological neoplasms.
Content
To diagnose the presence of any disease, the attending physician may prescribe a woman an ultrasound examination of the ovaries. There are rarely cases where this type of ultrasound is performed separately from an examination of the pelvic or uterine organs. In some cases, it is necessary to examine only the ovaries to diagnose their active activity, which will reduce the risk of developing diseases of these genital organs. Visualizing these organs helps the doctor monitor ovarian activity.
This type of examination is necessary because the ovaries perform the function of producing hormones that determine the health of a woman’s reproductive system, her menstrual cycle. The maturation of the egg occurs in this paired organ. The procedure is prescribed if there is concern about the presence of a disease, it is performed within 10 minutes, discomfort does not cause any problems when carried out. It turns out that ultrasound of the ovaries is an accurate and harmless way to detect abnormalities and functional state organs.
Ovarian examinations using a device ultrasound diagnostics is divided into three ways:
In order for the attending doctor to prescribe an ultrasound diagnosis of the ovaries, there must be signs indicating the need for an examination:
To successfully and effectively conduct an ultrasound examination, you need to do it on certain days of the menstrual cycle. So, to check the ovaries for the presence of neoplasms, the occurrence of pathologies, ultrasound is performed 5-7 days after the end of menstruation. If there is a need to check certain functions of the genital organs, then the day corresponding to one or another phase of the cycle will be determined by the doctor. Diagnosis is often prescribed in each of the four available phases, including to identify the causes of infertility and hormonal imbalance.
In addition to the fact that the diagnosis is carried out on a certain day of the cycle, preparation for an ultrasound scan of the ovaries involves following a diet. Its main principle is to avoid products that promote gas formation. So, 4 days before the ultrasound examination, the patient needs to give up legumes, sweets, carbonated drinks and black bread. To achieve a greater effect, it is recommended to take a course of Espumisan or Motilium the day before the ultrasound. The night before or the morning of the procedure, you can give yourself an enema to cleanse your intestines.
Transabdominal ultrasound of the ovaries in women is performed with a full bladder. Therefore, 1 hour before the procedure you need to drink a liter of still water. It can be replaced with tea. This is necessary for the ultrasound to reach the ovaries. Urination is prohibited until the end of the study, otherwise it will distort the reliability of the results.
This type of research does not require special preparation. Enough advice regarding nutrition, taking carminative medications, and maintaining personal hygiene before the procedure. In addition, you should ask your doctor in advance whether the clinic has sensor-mounted condoms that protect the patient from infection in the vagina. If the doctor does not have them, then the woman should purchase them at the pharmacy.
The transrectal ultrasound diagnostic procedure is performed on an empty rectum. The day before the procedure you need to do an enema. To avoid the formation of gases in the intestines, it is important not to consume foods that form them. Recommendations for preparing for transrectal ultrasound are: general, suitable for all three types of ovarian diagnostics.
Depending on the type of ultrasound used, the process of the procedure differs, only the time is the same - no more than 10-15 minutes:
Diagnostics of the paired genital organs in question shows the contours, size and shape of the ovaries. In addition, through the screen of the device, the attending physician can see the structure of the follicles. Since the condition of the ovaries is unchanged throughout the menstrual cycle, and the characteristics of the follicles (their number and size) depend on the phases of menstruation, the doctor often prescribes a study at each stage. This is how the doctor checks for the presence of pathologies (cysts, tumors, inflammations) and the general condition of the organs.
On the ultrasound machine screen, the doctor should see paired small oval organs located slightly behind and on the sides of the uterus. This arrangement is normal. The contours of the ovaries are lumpy, which is explained by the presence of follicles, uneven and clear. A slight difference in the size of the ovaries is acceptable (often the right organ is larger than the left). If the difference exceeds 5 millimeters, then there is a high probability of pathology.
The following ovarian parameters are normal and are indicated in the transcript:
The follicles that make up the ovaries change throughout the menstrual cycle. Thus, the following sizes and quantities of these structural components are considered the norm:
After the onset of menopause, women experience a decrease in the size of the ovaries, which is normal. This is explained by the fact that the functional activity of the organs in question decreases. So the optimal characteristics for women in the post-climactic period will be:
An examination using an ultrasound machine allows the attending physician to detect pathologies in the ovaries and prescribe effective treatment based on the results. The following types deviations can be detected by a specialist:
Ultrasound of the uterus and adjacent organs is an informative and accessible way to learn about possible problems reproductive system. As a rule, a woman is referred for a gynecological ultrasound of the uterus because of pain in the lower abdomen, perineum or lumbar region, as well as if she is bothered by painful menstruation.
Ultrasound examination of the uterus helps determine pregnancy, including ectopic pregnancy. A pelvic ultrasound in women is done to see the structure of the organs of the reproductive system, their size and to detect even the slightest signs of pathology or disease. It is performed for both adult patients and girls.
Ultrasound examination of the uterus and ovaries can be done using two methods:
In both cases, when the examination takes place, the patient is in a supine position. Both examination methods are completely safe and painless. Using ultrasound waves reflected by the organs, their structure and size are visualized on the device screen. Preparation for ultrasound of the uterus and appendages depends on the chosen research method.
To obtain accurate indicators, it is better to come for examination using the transabdominal method with a full bladder, that is, after drinking fluids. The fact is that ultrasonic waves pass perfectly through liquid, but are actively absorbed by the air. A full bladder can make the picture clearer and provides a convenient position for examination of the pelvic organs.
To prepare, one and a half to two hours before the procedure on the day of the transabdominal ultrasound, you need to drink about a liter of water or some other liquid. It is important that this liquid is not carbonated.
To prepare for a transabdominal ultrasound of the uterus, you should drink about a liter of liquid 1.5-2 hours before the procedure A moderate desire to go to the toilet means that fluid has already entered the bladder from the stomach. In this state, you need to go for an ultrasound of the uterus and only then can you go to the ladies' room.
If the study is performed transvaginally, on the contrary, it is required that the bladder be emptied. It is best not to drink any liquids before the test and to go to the toilet before the test.
Also, to obtain more accurate data, it is better to observe about three days before the examination by any method. special diet. You should avoid eating foods and drinks that cause constipation and active gas formation in the intestines.
Over the course of 28 days (this is how long the menstrual cycle usually lasts), the condition of the inner layer of the uterus constantly undergoes changes, so the following descriptions can be found in data based on endometrial ultrasound:
It should look structurally homogeneous. The contours are without irregularities and are clearly visible. Their blurriness during an ultrasound scan of the uterus may indicate that an inflammatory process is underway. The detection of hyperechoic formations when deciphering data indicates the presence of problems such as polyps, fibroids, and possibly uterine cancer, which can be seen on ultrasound. The uterine cavity may be split into two sections. This phenomenon is called a bicornuate uterus. Below we will look at it in detail.
Let us recall once again the average size of a healthy uterus:
By healthy indicators it should be from 20 to 40 mm. in length, the anterior-posterior size should be 25-30 mm. During ultrasound of the cervix, its echostructure should be homogeneous.
Visual differences between healthy and inflamed cervical tissue The cervical canal usually has a diameter of up to 2-3 mm. and filled with mucus. If, during an ultrasound of the cervix, the cervix itself or its canal is dilated, an inflammatory process may be occurring.
Immediately after ovulation (about 15 days after the start of your last period, around the middle of your cycle), a few milliliters of fluid can be found behind the uterus. This is fine. On other days of the cycle, fluid found behind the uterus means inflammation of the appendages and nearby organs. This may be caused by sexually transmitted infections.
The healthy size of the ovaries is on average 25x30x15 mm. The volume of one ovary is from 5 to 8 cubic meters. see If going beyond these parameters when decrypting data occurs in big side, we can conclude about polycystic ovary syndrome or oophoritis.
When an ultrasound is performed, the boundaries of the ovaries should be clearly visible. It's okay if they are lumpy, the reason for this is the developing follicles. The homogeneity of the echostructure of the ovaries can be disrupted by small (literally a few mm) areas of fibrosis in the capsule.
IN healthy organs several follicles with a diameter of 4-6 mm can be seen. and one follicle, the diameter of which can be up to 25 mm. (this is the so-called dominant follicle). If the follicle diameter reaches more than 25 mm, they speak of follicular cyst(this is a cavity with liquid inside).
IN healthy ovaries several follicles can be seen, the largest of which is the dominant one If healthy woman do an ultrasound of the uterus, they should not be visible, in as a last resort- barely noticeable. The fallopian tubes become visible when ultrasound examination only when they harden, and this is usually a consequence of the inflammatory process. Also, the fallopian tubes can be seen on an ultrasound of the uterus if they develop ectopic pregnancy. Direct ultrasound of the fallopian tubes is performed to check their patency and prescribe therapy in case of infertility.
A bicornuate uterus occurs when the intrauterine development. It happens that with a bicornuate uterus there is also a double cervix. There may be an incomplete septum in the vagina. One section in a bicornuate uterus may be underdeveloped.
To confirm the conclusion about a bicornuate uterus, additional examinations: Ultrasound hysterosalpingoscopy, laparoscopy and others. Surgery on a bicornuate uterus, it is recommended to do it in special circumstances: if there have been miscarriages one after another or the inability to become pregnant has been confirmed. If necessary, the surgeon can restore a single cavity on a bicornuate uterus. Bicornuate uterus is fraught uterine bleeding, miscarriages, inability to get pregnant. Sometimes other anomalies are present along with a bicornuate uterus. They are usually associated with the urinary excretory system. It is possible to become pregnant, carry and give birth to a child with a bicornuate uterus, but the risk in this state of affairs is quite high.
The relevance of examining girls and young women is confirmed by statistics according to which up to 50% of teenage girls have various kinds of problems with menstruation.
25% of anomalies in gynecological field at modern girls combined with kidney and intestinal problems, so additional examinations are often required.
The usual location of the uterus in girls is behind bladder, in the middle of the pelvis. The parameters of the uterus in girls depending on age are presented in the table:
| Age, years | Total length of the uterus with cervix, mm | Cervical length, mm | Uterus length, mm | Anterior-posterior size, mm | Width, mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 30 - 40 | - | 5 | 15 - 20 | |
| 6 | 30 - 40 | - | - | 5 - 6 | 15 - 25 |
| 7 | 35 - 50 | - | - | 5 - 8 | 15 - 25 |
| 8 | 35 - 50 | - | - | 6 - 10 | 15 - 25 |
| 9 | 40 - 50 | - | - | 6 - 10 | 15 - 25 |
| 10 | 45 - 50 | 20 - 28 | 35 - 40 | 6 - 10 | 20 - 25 |
| 11 | 50 - 55 | 20 - 25 | 35 - 40 | 10 - 15 | 25 - 35 |
| 12 | 55 - 65 | 20 - 25 | 35 - 40 | 10 - 15 | 25 - 35 |
| 13 | 64 - 80 | 24 - 30 | 40 - 45 | 10 - 15 | 40 - 50 |
| 14 | 69 - 80 | 24 - 30 | 45 - 50 | 20 - 25 | 40 - 50 |
| 15 | 80 - 85 | 24 - 30 | 50 - 55 | 25 - 30 | 40 - 50 |
| 16 | 80 - 85 | 25 - 30 | 50 - 55 | 35 - 40 | 40 - 54 |
| 17 | 80 - 85 | 25 - 30 | 50 - 55 | 40 - 45 | 40 - 54 |
When girls are examined, the transvaginal method for ultrasound of the uterus and ovaries is usually not available. The method of transabdominal examination is used, transrectal examination is rarely used (during this, the sensor is inserted through the rectum, the child is in a lying position with his back to the doctor, the knees must be pulled towards the chest). If a girl’s period has already begun, then it is better to conduct the study 5-7 days after the start of her last period. Before the procedure, you need to avoid foods that increase gas formation for 2-3 days. Immediately before the procedure, a teenage girl needs to drink 300 ml 30-45 minutes. up to 1 liter of liquid.
