The thymus gland, or thymus, is the central organ of humans and some types of animals, which is responsible for the body's immune system.
At the age of 20–25 years, the thymus gland stops functioning in people, and subsequently it is converted into fatty tissue.
Thymus does a lot useful functions and if they are violated, a person can develop various diseases. Let's study what the thymus gland is in adults, the symptoms of disease of this organ, changes in its work.
The thymus gland is located at the top chest, near anterior mediastinum. The organ is formed on the 42nd day of intrauterine development.
Thymus gland in childhood significantly larger in size than in the adult generation and may be located closer to the heart.
The body continues normal height until the child is 15 years of age, and then the reverse development of the thymus gland begins.
As already mentioned, by about 25 years of age, and sometimes earlier, the thymus gland ceases to perform its functions and all glandular tissues of the organ in an adult are replaced by connective and fatty tissues.
It is for this reason that adults are much more likely to be susceptible to various infections and cancer pathologies.
The thymus performs the following important functions in the human body:
Thanks to the normal functioning of the thymus gland, the human body steadfastly responds to all infectious invasions and various diseases.
With various changes in the functioning of the thymus, the following symptoms are usually observed in the body of an adult:
Often the manifestation of symptoms is due to the fact that some diseases are already developing in the body. Therefore, if they are detected, it is better to immediately consult a doctor for further examination.
An enlarged thymus gland indicates that the normal functioning of this organ is impaired.
In addition, the thymus gland can be enlarged for hereditary reasons.
It may be impossible to determine the enlargement of the gland by “touch”, but with the help of an x-ray of the lungs in a direct projection, changes in its size are quite easy to trace.
If you regularly take x-rays, then deformation of the thymus can be recognized at an early stage.
In addition, an enlarged thymus can be diagnosed using ultrasound.
Ultrasound examination and x-ray do not provide accurate diagnosis enlargement of the thymus, therefore, to confirm it, doctors prescribe a more accurate diagnosis - magnetic resonance imaging. It determines changes in the size of the thymus much more accurately.
Graves' disease is a serious disease, but at the moment the exact cause of the disease has not been established. Here is a link to look at the symptoms of this disease.
The thymus may enlarge due to various pathologies that occur in the body. A signal of their appearance is indicated by the aggravating symptoms that were described above.
So, the consequence of an increase in the size of the thymus gland can be:
All causes of thymus enlargement are dangerous and require urgent treatment.
Each patient with thymus disease receives a specific treatment, which depends on the type of disease and individual characteristics. human body and some other factors.
In this case, problems with the immune system are dealt with by an immunologist, and if the thymus disease occurs due to various tumors, then an oncologist treats the problem.
Patients with thymus pathology are prescribed different types therapy - medicinal, replacement, symptomatic, immunomodulatory, sometimes drugs from traditional medicine.
Immunomodulators, corticosteroids, drugs that normalize calcium metabolism in the body, etc. are used.
Sometimes, it is possible to get rid of the disease by removing the enlarged thymus gland or through surgery.
Nutrition for pathologies of the thymus gland is important and is monitored by doctors, both during treatment and as a method of prevention.
Moreover, the diet can be prescribed not only to children, but also to adults. The diet of a person with thymus disease should include:
The diet helps strengthen the immune system and maintain the functioning of the gland, so it should be strictly followed.
Traditional medicine is used only as a therapy that enhances immunity. Plants that help strengthen the immune system include:
There are a lot of recipes based on these plants. Let's list some of them.
Ingredients:
Black currants and rose hips are poured with water and put on fire. After it boils, cook the resulting mixture for 10 minutes. Then leave to infuse for 2 hours in a container with a tightly closed lid. The decoction is taken half a glass 3 times during the day.
Ingredients:
Method of preparation and use:
All parts of nettle and rowan are mixed. Take 1 tablespoon from the mixture and pour boiling water over it. They put it on fire.
After boiling, cook for another 10 minutes, and then leave for 4 hours in a closed container. Take half a glass in the morning, afternoon and evening.
Traditional therapy is very effective in strengthening the immune system.
The news that the thymus gland is capable of prolonging youth has been circulating for a long time and there are many people who want to “renew” this organ after it has ceased to function.But no one performs thymus transplant operations, since they are very dangerous and require transplantation of not only the thymus gland, but also many other organs, including bone marrow.
An alternative was another method of “renewing” the organ - introducing embryonic stem cells into the thymus.
This method promises to completely restore the fading thymus and return youth and health to the person. Proponents of this technique claim that this injection really works.
The thymus gland is a vital organ and requires special attention even after it stops functioning. In adults, the thymus shows its symptoms most pronouncedly, which means that dangerous diseases, therefore it is important to be examined in a timely manner and strengthen the immune system.
In the human body there is large number glands that produce substances that are necessary for its normal functioning. One of them is the thymus gland. In adults, it reaches a weight of thirty grams. The thymus gland has other names, for example, thymus. In general, it is considered the central organ of formation in adults, located behind the sternum. It consists of the right and left lobes, which are connected to each other by loose fiber. It should be noted that the thymus gland begins to form earlier and faster than other organs of our immune system. In addition, its weight in a newborn baby reaches thirteen grams. However, in the future, the thymus is replaced by ninety percent of fat-type fiber. Most often, the period of active growth of the human body coincides with the activity of the thymus gland.
The thymus is involved in two types of immune response in the human body. We are talking about humoral and cellular reactions. In the first case, the thymus gland in adults takes part in the production of antibodies, in the second - in the process of rejection of various types of transplants. As for the production of special antibodies, B-lymphocytes are responsible for this, and T-lymphocytes are responsible for the reaction of rejection of foreign tissue. In both cases, these bodies are formed as a result of changes and transformations of bone marrow cells. The hormones produced by the thymus gland in adults and children turn stem cell into thymocytes. They in turn enter the lymph nodes or spleen. As a result, thymocytes transform and become T lymphocytes. Stem cells transform into B lymphocytes, according to most experts, directly in the bone marrow itself.
In addition to the fact that the thymus is involved in the transformation of bone marrow cells, this gland constantly produces thymopoietin and thymosin, which are hormones that play a major role in immune reactions our body.
There are many dysfunctions of this organ. There are also children who have no thymus gland at all. Symptoms indicating a lack of functioning are nothing more than a decrease in the human body’s resistance to any infectious diseases. You can also include other signs here. For example, breathing problems, muscle fatigue, heaviness of the eyelids, the appearance of tumors. In addition, in such a situation, disorders occur directly in the immune system at the cellular level. In addition to all this, illnesses can develop in which the body destroys its own cells, since the immune system is unable to recognize them and distinguish them from a virus and foreign cells, for example.
Disorders of the thymus functions can be not only congenital, but also acquired. Sometimes the thymus gland and its tissues are damaged (radioactive rays). However, in most cases, the causes of dysfunction of this organ cannot be determined.
If the thymus gland is enlarged, which is typical for newborn babies, we can talk about the presence of thymomenalia. This is often caused by some childhood illness, external factors. It is worth noting that this disease is considered genetic. Its development can be affected by infection of the mother during pregnancy and nephropathy. A specialist can easily identify an enlarged thymus gland in an infant based on some symptoms. For example, in such a situation, swelling of the tonsils, adenoids, enlarged lymph nodes. You can take an x-ray, which will immediately show the enlarged thymus.
Functional disorders of the organ described are currently being successfully treated. Sometimes the thymus needs to be removed. However, in addition to this, the doctor may prescribe special drugs. In any case, a sick person is most often isolated in order to reduce the risk of infection. If you notice that you begin to get sick much more often, and the disease (infectious) lasts longer, contact your doctor. He will prescribe an examination and select the most appropriate course of treatment.
The thymus (thymus gland) is the organ responsible for the production of immune system cells. It is in it that they mature, are divided into helpers and suppressors, and undergo a kind of training in recognizing foreign agents. Let's find out more about this body.
Iron has its largest size in childhood. At the birth of a baby, it weighs about 12 grams and grows rapidly until puberty (puberty), reaching 40 grams. Then the involution of the thymus begins (gradual loss of function and reduction in size), by the age of 25 it weighs about 22-25 g, and in old age it barely reaches 7-6 g. This explains the tendency of old people to long-term lingering infections.
Thymus pathologies are quite rare and are divided into four types:
Hyperplasia indicates that the thymus gland is increased in size, and naturally, the number of cells also increases. It can be true and false.
With true, the number of glandular and lymphoid cells increases uniformly, usually found after severe infections. False is characterized by growth lymphoid tissue and occurs in autoimmune diseases and hormonal disorders.
The thymus gland can also be enlarged beyond normal in a child. This condition develops with strong allergic reactions and long-term inflammatory diseases. Very rarely requires treatment, most often returns to physiological size by six years.
DiGeorge syndrome was first identified in 1965. Most often, children are born to mothers over thirty years of age. Children have decreased functions parathyroid glands, full or partial absence thymus, rapid development severe infectious diseases.
In most cases, babies die in the first hours of life. Babies begin to have massive convulsions, laryngospasm and die from asphyxia (suffocation). Surviving children have frequent purulent infections, abscesses, pneumonia, and fungal infections.
Lesions of the facial skeleton are noted: underdevelopment lower jaw, large distance between the eyes, anti-Mongoloid eye shape, low-set ears. There are severe disorders of the heart and blood vessels (valvular malformations, double aortic arch, right-sided position of the heart).
Diagnosis is often not difficult due to the pronounced clinical signs. Nevertheless, the necessary research is being carried out:
Treatment is carried out by transplanting thymus tissue, but so far this technique has not been sufficiently developed. Young patients die from complications that develop before the age of six.
Myasthenia gravis is often associated with damage to the thymus. Autoimmune damage to the gland leads to the appearance in the person’s blood of his own antibodies to acetylcholine receptors of nerve connections. This prevents the impulse from going from nerve to muscle and leads to muscle weakness. Patients have difficulty climbing stairs, get tired quickly, note rapid heartbeat. My health is gradually deteriorating. Most often, the disease manifests itself in thymoma of the thymus gland.
Thymoma is a tumor arising from thymocytes (cells of the gland itself). It is very rare and occurs in old age - after 50 years. The reasons for the development are not fully known; it is assumed that the stimulus is stress, alcohol, and unfavorable environmental conditions.
Symptoms of a thymus tumor are rare and nonspecific. Shortness of breath, chest pain, frequent colds, swelling, vestibular disorders (dizziness, unsteadiness of gait) may appear. Anemia is observed in the blood.
Thymomas are classified:
A – tumors with a capsule. The prognosis is favorable, they can be removed well and do not metastasize.
AB is a mixed cell tumor, the prognosis is favorable.
B1 – characterized by myasthenia gravis, treatable.
B2 and B3 are always accompanied by myasthenia gravis, the prognosis is unfavorable, metastasis is possible.
Stages of tumor development:
There may be no signs of a tumor. With an enlarged thymus, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, tachycardia, weakness, and the development of autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis) are noted.
Diagnosis is based on x-ray examination mediastinum, CT and MRI studies. Unfortunately, most often the tumor is diagnosed on late stage, since at the beginning of the disease there are no signs.
Treatment depends on the stage - at the first and second stages it is carried out surgical removal thymus followed by irradiation. At the third and fourth stages, treatment is complex and includes surgery on the thymus gland (resection), radiation and chemotherapy.
The prognosis is individual in each case.
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Hyperplastic processes in the thymus gland are characterized by an increase in the amount of its parenchyma, which is usually manifested by an increase in its size and weight. However, the latter, depending on age, can be expressed to varying degrees. In this regard, Schminke (1926) proposed to distinguish between thymic hyperplasia in children and adults, noting that hyperplasia in children is always accompanied by an increase in the size and weight of the thymus gland, while in adults its increase is often only relative and it is in the majority cases does not exceed the size and weight of the thymus gland in children. Similar changes in the thymus gland in adults are often described as persistence (preservation) or subinvolution (Hammar, 1926; Tesseraux, 1956).
As already indicated, the thymus gland is very sensitive to various hormonal influences. At the same time, glucocorticoids and sex hormones are its antagonists, while thyroxine has a stimulating effect on it. In accordance with this, an increase in the production of thyroxine in Graves' disease, as well as a decrease or cessation of the production of glucocorticoids or sex hormones, which is observed in Addison's disease, atrophy of the adrenal cortex and during castration, naturally lead to hyperplasia of the thymus gland. Tesseraux (1956, 1959) noted hyperplasia of the thymus gland also in acromegaly. However, it remains unclear with which specific ones hormonal disorders this may be related.
Histologically, hyperplastic processes in the thymus gland do not always manifest themselves in the same way. In children and people young The thymus gland with hyperplasia most often retains its normal structure. In slightly enlarged lobules there is a clear division into the cortical and medulla layers. In the latter, typical Hassall bodies are found, the number of which is sometimes increased. However, the ratio between the cortical and medulla layers in hyperplasia can vary significantly, and in some cases the cortical layer is predominant, in others - the medulla. In accordance with this, Schridde (1911) proposed to distinguish between hyperplasia of the cortex and medulla of the thymus. It should, however, be taken into account that the narrowing of the cortical layer and the presence of degenerative forms of Hassall's bodies, often noted when examining the thymus gland in the deceased, may be a consequence of processes that arise in connection with the disease that was the cause of death and during agony.
A manifestation of thymic hyperplasia should also be considered the formation of lymphatic follicles in its lobules, often with typical reproduction centers (Fig. 11), as is often observed in lymphoid tissue. In children and young people, this is usually combined with general hyperplasia of the thymus gland in the form of an increase in the size of its lobules and the presence of a well-defined cortical layer in them, while in older people the formation of lymphatic follicles in the thymus gland is often the only manifestation of its hyperplasia. Mackay calls such changes in the thymus gland dysplastic.
Finally, hyperplastic processes should also include the appearance of peculiar glandular formations, often found against the background of involutive changes in the thymus gland. They were first described by Sultan (1896). They were later observed by Lochte (1899) and Weise (1940), who dedicated to them special studies. They are usually not numerous and are found along the periphery of individual lobules in the form of single glandular cells (Fig. 12), entirely filled with cells or containing small gaps. Along the periphery of the cells there are more large cells, often forming a palisade-shaped basal layer. The cells have a pronounced basement membrane, which is best seen when sections are processed using the PHIK reaction or impregnated with silver according to Foote.
We found similar glandular cells in the thymus gland in 68 of the 145 examined dead. In men and women they were observed with approximately the same frequency, which increased as the age of the deceased increased. At the same time, the youngest deceased in whom such glandular cells were found was a 21-year-old man who died from acute leukemia. These data completely coincide with the data of other researchers (Sultan, 1896; Lochte, 1899; Weise, 1940; Tesseraux, 1959). IN lately similar glandular cells were also found in children with alymphoplasia of the thymus (Blackburn, Gordon, 1967).
Rice. 11. Lymphatic follicles with reproduction centers in the lobules of the thymus gland in progressive myasthenia. a-uv, 40X; 6-120X.
Rice. 12. Glandular cells in the lobules of the thymus.
a-from the deceased from alcoholic delirium complicated by pneumonia. Hematoxylin-eosin staining. Uv. 200X; used by the deceased from rheumatic heart disease. Treatment using the CHIC reaction. Uv. 1&OXI for the same reason. Impregnation with silver according to Ft. Uv. 240X.
Weise (1940), who specifically studied these glandular formations in the thymus gland of people, called them primitive bodies, believing that Hassall's corpuscles are formed from them. However, this assumption is contradicted by their different localization, as well as the fact that these glandular cells are found in the thymus not in early childhood, when intensive formation of Hassall’s bodies occurs in it, but at a more advanced age. late period, when further formation of Hassall's bodies stops or has already completely ended. In addition, these glandular cells differ from Hassall's bodies in the presence of basement membranes and the absence of accumulation of glycolipids in their cells and lumens, so characteristic of Hassall's bodies.
At the same time, the undoubted epithelial nature of these cells and their great similarity with the tubular formations of the epithelial primordium of the thymus gland in the early phases of its development (see Fig. 6) allow, it seems to us, to consider them as the result of proliferation of epithelial elements of the thymus gland, which has a reactive nature . In the light of the currently developed idea about the participation of epithelial elements of the thymus in the production of humoral factors (E. Z. Yusfina, 1958; E. Z. Yusfina and I. N. Kamenskaya, 1959; Metcalf, 1966), these formations are of undoubted interest. The appearance of similar glandular cells in the thymus gland of rats after administration of Freund's adjuvant, noted by G. Ya. Svet-Moldavsky and L. I. Rafkina (1963), allows us to think about their relationship to immunological reactions. This assumption is well-known confirmed in the results of our research. Analysis possible dependence formation of glandular cells in the thymus gland in those examined who died from the presence of infectious diseases inflammatory processes showed that glandular cells were observed in 45 out of 65 deaths with infectious inflammatory processes, while out of 80 deaths without infectious inflammatory processes they were found only in 23. The noted differences in the frequency of detection of glandular cells in the thymus gland in these two groups of deaths are statistically significant ( y == == 6.82;< 0,01).
Thymic hyperplasia may be accompanied by various clinical manifestations and be a consequence of others pathological processes. At the same time, the nature of its changes in different cases may have some features that should be examined specifically.
Tumor-like hyperplasia
In some cases, the only manifestation of thymic hyperplasia is an increase in its size. This is often discovered by chance when X-ray examination organs of the chest, undertaken for a completely different reason. In other cases, the thymus gland, due to a significant increase in size, begins to compress neighboring organs and nerves, causing a feeling of pressure behind the sternum, cough, difficulty breathing, and sometimes swelling of the face and neck, which forces the patient to see a doctor. The cause of these disorders is determined after an X-ray examination reveals an enlargement of the thymus gland.
The clinical and radiological manifestations of such hyperplasia are very similar to tumors of the thymus and their difficulties differential diagnosis allow us to call it tumor-like hyperplasia. It should be emphasized that with tumor-like hyperplasia, no matter how severe it is, unlike tumors, the shape of the thymus gland is always preserved. This can sometimes be detected already by X-ray examination and is clearly visible during surgery (O. A. Lenzner, 1968) or during autopsies of the dead.
Histologically, the thymus gland with tumor-like hyperplasia, regardless of the patient’s age, retains its structure. In its lobules a distinct medulla, rich in lymphocytes and containing Hassal's bodies, is found.
After successful removal of the hyperplastic thymus gland in patients, no clinically pronounced disorders are observed, and, as long-term results observed by O. A. Lenzner (1968) show, in some cases they remain practically healthy people for up to 10 years or more.
It has long been noted that in some cases of sudden death of people, the only change detected during their pathological examination is an enlargement of the thymus gland, often combined with hyperplasia of the entire lymphatic system. For a long time death in such cases was attempted to be explained by mechanical compression of the trachea or nerve trunks passing near the enlarged thymus gland. However, in 1889, Paltauff put forward the idea that these changes were a manifestation of a special constitutional condition, which he called Status thymico-lymphaticus, and that the death of people in this case occurs as a result of the toxic influence of a malfunctioning enlarged thymus gland. Subsequently, these ideas were again subject to revision and the very existence of the thymic-lnmphatic state began to be questioned.
The basis for this, apparently, was data on better preservation of the thymus gland in those who died a violent death compared to those who died from diseases, which was erroneously interpreted as its hyperplasia and created a false impression of the high frequency of thymic hyperplasia in healthy people. The references given to German authors should be considered unfounded, since Aschoff, Beitzke and Schmorl, who spoke at a conference on military pathology held in Berlin in 1916, emphasized the rarity of hyperplastic changes in the thymus gland in those killed in the war, and Beneke, who discovered its hyperplasia in a number of deceased wounded people was associated with atrophy of the adrenal glands.
The doubts expressed regarding the existence of a thymic-lymphatic condition, according to Sugg (1945), are based not so much on observations as on prejudice. With an impartial attitude, it is impossible to deny cases of sudden death in young people, in whom, if not the only, then the most outwardly expressed of those detected at autopsy morphological changes is an enlargement of the thymus gland and lymph nodes. We have to deal with this from time to time. For example, we had to participate in the analysis of the cause of death of a 19-year-old man, which occurred suddenly a few hours after tonsillectomy, in the absence of bleeding and any other complications. During its autopsy (prosector M.F. Gusenkova), apart from signs of acute venous congestion and a significant enlargement of the thymus gland, no other changes were found. Sugg (1945), who analyzed the results of an examination of 500 children who suddenly died, could not find any other changes in 49 of them that would explain the onset of death, except for an enlargement of the thymus gland.
At the same time, it is now hardly possible to associate the onset of sudden death in thymic hyperplasia with the hypothetical toxic influences emanating from it. The causes of death in this case should, apparently, be sought in the insufficiency of the adrenal glands, in which, with hyperplasia of the thymus gland, as shown by the studies of Wiesel (1912), Beneke (1916) and what was noted in the above-mentioned own observation, pronounced atrophic changes are often found.
Obviously, thymic hyperplasia itself, observed in sudden death, is one of the manifestations of adrenal insufficiency (Selye, 1937). From these positions, the onset of sudden death of young people after seemingly mild injuries becomes more understandable. surgical interventions, such as tonsillectomy, appendectomy, or simply when bathing, mental trauma etc., which is also confirmed in modern ideas about the general adaptation syndrome (Selye, 1930). In this regard, it is interesting to note that with thymic hyperplasia in castrates sudden death not observed (Hammar, 1926).
Histological changes in the thymus gland in the thymic-lymphatic state do not have characteristic features. In its lobules there is a well-defined cortical layer and a medulla containing Hassal's bodies.
The thymus gland (thymus, thymus) is the central organ of the immune system. It is localized in the anterior mediastinum in the chest cavity. In some cases, the organ reaches the 4th rib and is strengthened at chest level. Its peculiarity is that it grows until about 10 years of age, and then gradually decreases. The thymus performs an important function in the formation of the immune system of the human body
Congenital deficiency of thymus function or its dystopia (location in an unintended place) are quite common ailments. There is also a complete absence of the thymus gland. As a result of such pathologies, quite serious conditions arise that adversely affect the baby’s health.
When such a pathology is present or there is no thymus at all, disturbances occur in cellular immunity, that is, the body’s ability to resist various infections decreases. In addition, there is a high probability of developing autoimmune diseases when the immune system recognizes the body's own cells as foreign and attacks them.
The latter include:
The absence or pathology of the thymus gland are provoking factors for the development malignant tumors. Its reduction, which occurs in adulthood, is most often provoked by radiation, poor nutrition and past infections.
First of all, breathing problems, muscle fatigue and the so-called heaviness of the eyelids occur, the body's resistance to various infections is significantly reduced, and tumors may occur.
Pathologies develop not only in childhood, they can also be acquired much later, for example, when tissue is damaged by radioactive rays, but experts still cannot accurately determine the causes. However, a number of provoking factors can be identified.
In children, the thymus has two sections (cervical and thoracic) and reaches the edge of the tongue. At the same time, the vast majority of adults cervical region absent. Most often, thymomegaly is diagnosed in childhood - an enlargement of the gland. Both internal and external negative factors can lead to this.
In addition, the reasons for the enlargement of the thymus gland or its insufficiency in children may lie in genetic inheritance. Quite often, thymomegaly occurs in those babies whose mothers had pregnancy pathologies, infections, nephropathy during gestation, or the pregnancy was late.
Let's look at the symptoms of thymus diseases:
Symptoms of thymomegaly disease vary significantly. First of all, a violation may be indicated by heavy weight baby at birth. The pathology is accompanied by sudden weight gain and loss in the future. The skin of a newborn is pale, visible on the chest venous network. The child turns blue when crying and stressing.
There may be a cough that is not related to colds, and intensifies with a horizontal position of the body. Other symptoms include disturbance heart rate, frequent regurgitation, sweating, low-grade fever for a long time.
Normal ultrasound of the thymus gland in infants and older children
This research method is quite common in pediatrics. It allows you to determine the size of the organ, thereby revealing how susceptible the baby is to colds. However, ultrasound is fraught with some difficulties, for example, the thymus is quite small, and is also located behind the sternum.
The normal weight of the organ under study is 0.18-0.38% of the total body weight. At birth, its weight is 10-20 grams, and by 12-14 years it increases to 35 g. If an enlargement of the thymus gland is detected, a diagnosis of “thymomegaly” is made. This pathology has 3 degrees.
It is worth noting that it is found in approximately 20% of children and does not require specific measures. In most cases, it disappears on its own by the age of 6 years.
But such children need careful monitoring of their immune status, which consists of a course of taking a number of medications. A maintenance therapy regimen is developed by an immunologist or pediatrician. More severe pathologies require consultation with an endocrinologist.
In the presence of 1st and 2nd degree enlargement of the thymus gland, vaccination is permitted, but the doctor must evaluate and general condition child.
As a rule, children are prescribed hypoallergenic diet. And when stage 3 increases, a medical exemption from vaccination is given for up to six months. The issue of vaccinations should be considered not only by a pediatrician, but also by a neurologist and an endocrinologist.
As a rule, treatment is required only in cases of persistent impairment or during attacks:
Typically, symptoms of thymus enlargement are observed until 3-6 years of age. Then they either disappear or develop into other diseases of the thymus/body.
To prevent the progression of the pathology, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner, conduct a thorough diagnosis, establish the causes of the disease or provoking factors, and apply adequate therapy.
Symptoms of the disorder are not always clearly expressed, so parents, at the slightest suspicion of a deviation from the norm, should show the baby to the doctor and undergo comprehensive examination his body. After confirming the diagnosis, the doctor must prescribe adequate treatment.
